scholarly journals Skanda (Bala Graha) and Cerebral Palsy – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Pinakumari I. Patel ◽  
Swapnil C. Raskar ◽  
Aboli Patil ◽  
Sudhir Pani ◽  
Vishal Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Modern Aspect ◽  
Affected Child ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Commander In Chief

Among the Ashtanga Ayurveda, Kaumarbhritya focuses on child care in particular. Graharogais the most neglected portion due to excess mythological explanation, difficulty in clinical understanding, diagnosis, severity, complication, and treatment is entirely different from the routine disorder of children. Graharogas are those entities that attack and seize the body then affect the neonates and children very quickly with high mortality. Different acharyas describe Graha with their types, symptoms and treatment. Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Vagabhatta describe Skanda graha- commander-in-chief of the army of Devatas. The symptoms of the affected child resemble very much with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition communication, and behavior. Therefore, this paper aims to understand Balagraha with the modern aspect as well as its clinical application in day-to-day practice.

scholarly journals Correction Posture Tapping Meningkatkan Kemampuan Gerak Fungsional Anak Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Bambang Trisnowiyanto ◽  
Tri Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a collection of motor disorders caused by brain damage that occur before, during or after birth which can be caused by many factors such as, congenital, genetic, inflation, infection and poisoning during pregnancy, trauma and metabolic disorders. Children with cerebral palsy will mostly have problems with posture. Muscular spasticity found in CP children is not only found in the muscles of the limbs but also the muscles forming posture (body posture), the condition of the body shape of children with CP will be exacerbated by the omission of postures that are not functional. Taping provides convenience in initiating motion, to help people with CP be able to move easily. The objectives of this study is to determine the effect of giving correction posture taping to the ability of motion of cerebral palsy children. Methods:  The design in this study is a quasi experiment with a pretest and posttest design. The research will be conducted on the CP community in Yogyakarta, namely the Wahana Cerebral Palsy Family (WKCP) for 8 weeks. The research instrument used in this study was  a blank check on the basic functional ability of GMFM. Results: After getting treatment in the form of Correction Posture Taping for 8 consecutive weeks, there was an increase in the functional ability of motion during sleep by 5.1385 with P = 0.000 (α <0.05), when seated by 1.0254 with P = 0.000 (α<0.05), when crawling by 0.44 with P = 0.000 (α <0.05), when standing and walking by 0.6523 with  P= 0.000 (α <0.05), when crawling by 0.32 with P = 0.000 (α <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of research and the results of data processing, there is the effect of posture taping correction on the functional ability of children with cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of powered exoskeleton use on gait in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252193
Author(s):  
Lucinda Rose Bunge ◽  
Ashleigh Jade Davidson ◽  
Benita Roslyn Helmore ◽  
Aleksandra Daniella Mavrandonis ◽  
Thomas David Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability. The motor impairments of individuals with CP significantly affect the kinematics of an efficient gait pattern. Robotic therapies have become increasingly popular as an intervention to address this. Powered lower limb exoskeletons (PoLLE) are a novel form of robotic therapy that allow the individual to perform over-ground gait training and yet its effectiveness for CP is unknown. Purpose To determine the effectiveness of PoLLE use on gait in individuals with CP. Method A systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted in March 2020. Studies included children (0–18 years) and or adults (18+ years) diagnosed with CP who used a PoLLE for gait training. This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, with the methodology registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177160). A modified version of the McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies was used to assess the methodological quality. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis using the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) FORM framework was undertaken. Results Of the 2089 studies screened, ten case series and three case studies met the inclusion criteria highlighting the current evidence base is emerging and low level. A range of PoLLEs were investigated with effectiveness measured by using a number of outcome measures. Collectively, the body of evidence indicates there is some consistent positive evidence on the effectiveness of PoLLE in improving gait in individuals with CP, with minimal adverse effects. While this is a positive and encouraging finding for an emerging technology, methodological concerns also need to be acknowledged. Conclusion With rapidly evolving technology, PoLLEs could play a transformative role in the lives of people impacted by CP. Ongoing research is required to further strengthen the evidence base and address current methodological concerns.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

Physiotherapy management of children with cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yusuff Tunde Gbonjubola ◽  
Daha Garba Muhammad ◽  
Adekolurejo Tobi Elisha
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Physiotherapy Intervention ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
The World

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive developmental movement and posture disorder that occurs during fetal or infant development. It results from an insult to the developing brain before birth, during delivery, or after birth. CP is regarded as the leading cause of childhood disability in all parts of the world. The hallmark of CP is a motor disability, thus, physiotherapy has long been central to the clinical management of children with this disorders. Physiotherapy intervention in the management of this condition focuses on function, movement, and optimizing the child’s potential. Some of the approaches used are neurodevelopmental technique, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, exercise therapy, hydrotherapy, body weight support tread mill training, sensory integration training, and constraints induced therapy. Although, physiotherapy is generally recommended by all members of the health-care team. However, the effectiveness of physiotherapy is inconsistent. The objective of this review was to summarize the proven effectiveness of the most commonly used physiotherapy intervention in the management of children with CP.

scholarly journals Functional Electrical Stimulation Changes Dynamic Resources in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Ho ◽  
Kenneth G Holt ◽  
Elliot Saltzman ◽  
Robert C Wagenaar
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Complex ◽  
Spring System

Abstract Background and Purpose. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often are faced with difficulty in walking. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complex on the ability to produce appropriately timed force and reduce stiffness (elastic property of the body) and on stride length and stride frequency during walking. Subjects and Methods. Thirteen children with spastic CP (including 4 children who were dropped from the study due to their inability to cooperate) and 6 children who were developing typically participated in the study. A crossover study design was implemented. The children with spastic CP were randomly assigned to either a group that received FES for 15 trials followed by no FES for 15 trials or a group that received no FES for 15 trials followed by FES for 15 trials. The children who were having typical development walked without FES. Kinematic data were collected for the children with CP in each walking condition and for the children who were developing typically. Impulse (force-producing ability) and stiffness were estimated from an escapement-driven pendulum and spring system model of human walking. Stride length and stride frequency also were measured. To compare between walking conditions and between the children with CP and the children who were developing typically, dimensional analysis and speed normalization procedures were used. Results. Nonparametric statistics showed that there was no significant difference between the children with CP in the no-FES condition and the children who were developing typically on speed-normalized dimensionless impulse. In contrast, the children with CP in the FES condition had a significantly higher median value than the children who were developing typically. The FES significantly increased speed-normalized dimensionless impulse from 10.02 to 16.32 when comparing walking conditions for the children with CP. No significant differences were found between walking conditions for stiffness, stride length, and stride frequency. Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that FES is effective in increasing impulse during walking but not in decreasing stiffness. The effect on increasing impulse does not result in more typical spatiotemporal gait parameters. [Ho CL, Holt KG, Saltzman E, Wagenaar RC. Functional electrical stimulation changes dynamic resources in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86:987–1000.]

scholarly journals Objectification of motor disorders in children with cerebral palsy: what we know so far

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Borzikov ◽  
Natalia N. Rukina ◽  
Alexei N. Kuznetsov ◽  
Anna N. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Biomechanical Assessment ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Stability

This study provides an overview of the recent literature regarding the assessment methods of the functional state of the locomotor system in children with cerebral palsy. The objective methods of quantitative assessment of motor disorders in cerebral palsy are presented, including the measurement of stability, biomechanical assessment of walking, and video analysis of movements. The influence of the cognitive load on the ability to maintain the vertical posture in children with cerebral palsy as well as the changes in the stability of the vertical posture with closed eyes were observed. Changes in the walking parameters with an increase in the speed were also recorded in children with cerebral palsy. Methods that assess hand motion in children with cerebral palsy include tests involving the moving of objects, tests for speed assessment in joint movements, and video analysis of motions. The methods and tests for such an evaluation require to be valid and reliable, allowing an objective assessment of the severity of motor disorders in cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Emergence ecology of the critically endangered Urothemis edwardsii in a new colonized site in El Kala National Park (Algeria): conservation implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Baaloudj Affef
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Dragonfly Species

Urothemis edwardsii is one of the most threatened dragonfly species in the Mediterranean. Recent investigations and conservation efforts have increased the local geographic distribution of the species in Northeast Algeria, where a new population (named El Graeate) has been discovered. In the absence of information about the biology and behavior of U. edwardsii in this new site, a study was conducted on the emergence ecology of the species taking into account the temporal pattern of emergence, sex ratio, body size and microhabitat selection. Emergence, which was quite asynchronous, lasted for 50 days, with 50% of the population emerging within the first half of the period. Sex ratio at emergence was slightly female biased despite the absence of sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that size is not the only driving force behind mortality bias during the larval stage. There was a slight seasonal increase in the body size of exuviae (exoskeletons) in both sexes. Microhabitat selection, assessed as the vertical stratification of exuviae at ecdysis, was positively correlated with the height of supporting plants, but the relationship reached a plateau suggesting that there are predetermined limits to the vertical distribution of exuviae. These data will be essential for the future species protection, restoration and management attempts in the region.

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