scholarly journals Statistical Optimization of Media Components for Xylanase Production by Aspergillus spp. Using Solid State Fermentation and its Application in Fruit Juice Clarification

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Laxmikant R. Patil ◽  
Anil R. Shet ◽  
Sharanappa Achappa ◽  
Shivalingsarj V. Desai ◽  
Veeranna S. Hombalimath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Elution Time ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Juice Clarification

Xylanases are enzymes that convert xylan into xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose. The present study deals with the production and optimization of xylanase through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) using different agricultural wastes by   Aspergillus spp. The Plackett Burman (PB) design was used to screen significant media components affecting the xylanase production. The carbon sources screened were wheat bran, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, corn cob, and orange peel. The nitrogen sources screened were yeast extract, peptone, (NH4)2SO4, Na2NO3, and urea. Also, nine different salts such as KCl, MgSO4, Na2HPO4, CaCl2, FeSO4, ZnSO4, Na2CO3, KH2PO4, and NaH2PO4 which act as trace elements were screened. The results showed that wheat bran, yeast extract, Na2NO3 and KCl are the significant factors that affect xylanase production. A 33 Full Factorial Design (FFD) was performed to optimize the significant media components (wheat bran, KCl, yeast extract) obtained from PB design using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis of results showed that wheat bran, KCl, yeast extract, and interaction between wheat bran and yeast extract were found to be significant. The optimum concentration of wheat bran, KCl, yeast extract was 8 g/L, 0.1 g/L and 3 g/L. The Partial purification of xylanase was carried out using ammonium salt precipitation and dialysis. Gel filtration chromatography was performed to optimize the elution time, which was found to be 6 minutes. Application of xylanase in orange juice clarification was studied at 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. The optimum temperature obtained was 60 ºC.

scholarly journals Optimization of Conditions for Xylanase Production Using Aspergillus tubingensis Under Different Carbon Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka Kolade ◽  
Kamoldeen Ajijolakewu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Tubingensis ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Corn Cobs

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes with wide range of applications in food processing, bleaching of pulp in paper manufacturing industry, bio-conversion of biomass wastes to fermentable sugars and enhancing nutrient digestibility in animal feeds. The optimization of growth conditions and evaluation of an appropriate substrate as carbon source among cassava peels, corn cobs, wheat bran and rice husk on xylanase production by novel strain of Aspergillus tubingensis under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) was investigated. The fungal isolate was identified based on ribosomal RNA gene and ITS gene sequencing analysis as Aspergillus tubingensis. Results showed that Corn cobs had the highest xylanase production among the four substrates. Corn cobs recorded the highest value of xylanase production at pH of 6.0 (107.97 U/g), after incubation period of 72 hour (111.23 U/g), at temperature of 30oC (44.26 U/g) and at ratio 1:3 (45.68 U/g). The optimum growth conditions for xylanase production by Aspergillus tubingensis were: pH 6.0, incubation period of 72 hours, temperature of 30oC and substrate concentration of 1:3 (4g of substrate per 12ml of fermentation medium). Corn cobs showed the highest yield of xylanase activity (111.23±0.31 U/g), followed by Rice husk (101.91±0.72 U/g), Wheat bran (89.30±1.16 U/g) and Cassava peel (87.03±0.57 U/g). In conclusion, among the various agro residues that were used as carbon sources, Corn cobs had maximum xylanase activity. Various culture conditions were optimized by using one factor at a time method and the maximum xylanase production was obtained at pH of 6.0, incubation period of 72 hour, temperature of 30oC and substrate concentration of 1:3 under solid state fermentation. It is therefore suggested that some other notable environmental and fermentation factors that influence metabolism-mediated production yields of xylanase like aeration, agitation, carbon and nitrogen sources, metal ion requirement,  inoculum size etc. should be optimized for maximum production of enzyme.   Keywords: Solid State Fermentation, Cassava peels, Corn cobs, Wheat bran, Rice husk

scholarly journals Study the influence of nitrogen on rennin production by fungi Rhizomucor miehei using solid-state fermentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Houthail Al-Ahmad Al-Jammas ◽  
Hassan Al-Fathi ◽  
Walid Al-Khalaf ◽  
Anton Taifor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Milk Clotting ◽  
Milk Clotting Enzyme ◽  
Milk Clotting Activity

The effect of different nitrogen resources on the biosynthesis of milk clotting enzyme by Rhizmucor miehei was studied under solid state fermentation using wheat bran as base medium. Urea, peptone, albumin, casein, yeast extract were added with different concentrations (1%-10%). The response parameters were the ratio of milk clotting activity (MC) to proteolytic activity (PA) and protein content. The highest enzyme yield was achieved with casein at a rate of 2% w/w followed by 2% yeast extract, 1% albumin, 1% peptone, and 1% urea with values 5.6, 4.9, 4.2, 4, 3 mg/mL, respectively. Maximum enzyme activity (MCA/PA) was 50.4, 44.1, 37.8, 36, 27 SU for casein, yeast extract, albumin, peptone, and urea, respectively.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor Atf1 Regulates Expression of Cellulase and Xylanase Genes during Solid-State Fermentation of Ascomycetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhao ◽  
Xu-Zhong Liao ◽  
Jiu-Xiang Wang ◽  
Yuan-Ni Ning ◽  
Cheng-Xi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

ABSTRACT Transcriptional regulation of cellulolytic and xylolytic genes in ascomycete fungi is controlled by specific carbon sources in different external environments. Here, comparative transcriptomic analyses of Penicillium oxalicum grown on wheat bran (WB), WB plus rice straw (WR), or WB plus Avicel (WA) as the sole carbon source under solid-state fermentation (SSF) revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in metabolism, specifically, carbohydrate metabolism. Of the DEGs, the basic core carbohydrate-active enzyme-encoding genes which responded to the plant biomass resources were identified in P. oxalicum, and their transcriptional levels changed to various extents depending on the different carbon sources. Moreover, this study found that three deletion mutants of genes encoding putative transcription factors showed significant alterations in filter paper cellulase production compared with that of a parental P. oxalicum strain with a deletion of Ku70 (ΔPoxKu70 strain) when grown on WR under SSF. Importantly, the ΔPoxAtf1 mutant (with a deletion of P. oxalicum Atf1, also called POX03016) displayed 46.1 to 183.2% more cellulase and xylanase production than a ΔPoxKu70 mutant after 2 days of growth on WR. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that PoxAtf1 dynamically regulated the expression of major cellulase and xylanase genes under SSF. PoxAtf1 bound to the promoter regions of the key cellulase and xylanase genes in vitro. This study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of fungal cellulase and xylanase gene expression under SSF. IMPORTANCE The transition to a more environmentally friendly economy encourages studies involving the high-value-added utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Solid-state fermentation (SSF), that simulates the natural habitat of soil microorganisms, is used for a variety of applications such as biomass biorefinery. Prior to the current study, our understanding of genome-wide gene expression and of the regulation of gene expression of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in ascomycete fungi during SSF was limited. Here, we employed RNA sequencing and genetic analyses to investigate transcriptomes of Penicillium oxalicum strain EU2101 cultured on medium containing different carbon sources and to identify and characterize transcription factors for regulating the expression of cellulase and xylanase genes during SSF. The results generated will provide novel insights into genetic engineering of filamentous fungi to further increase enzyme production.

scholarly journals Partial purification and properties of cellulase-free alkaline xylanase produced by Rhizopus stolonifer in solid-state fermentation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Goulart ◽  
Eleonora Cano Carmona ◽  
Rubens Monti
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Exclusion Chromatography

Rhizopus stolonifer was cultivated in wheat bran to produce a cellulase-free alkaline xylanase. The purified enzyme obtained after molecular exclusion chromatography in Sephacryl S-200 HR showed optimum temperature as 45º C and hydrolysis pHs optima as pH 6.0 and 9.0. Xylanase presented higher Vmax at pH 9.0 (0.87 µmol/mg protein) than at pH 6.0 and minor Km at pH 6.0 (7.42 mg/mL) than at pH 9.0.

scholarly journals Extracellular Xylanase Production by Fusarium Species in Solid State Fermentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED IMAD EDDIN ARABI ◽  
YASSER BAKRI ◽  
MOHAMMED JAWHAR
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Fusarium sp. has been shown to be a promising organism for enhanced production of xylanases. In the present study, xylanase production by 21 Fusarium sp. isolates (8 Fusarium culmorum, 4 Fusarium solani, 6 Fusarium verticillioides and 3 Fusarium equiseti) was evaluated under solid state fermentation (SSF). The fungal isolate Fusarium solani SYRN7 was the best xylanase producer among the tested isolates. The effects of some agriculture wastes (like wheat straw, wheat bran, beet pulp and cotton seed cake) and incubation period on xylanase production by F. solani were optimized. High xylanase production (1465.8 U/g) was observed in wheat bran after 96 h of incubation. Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 5 and 50 degrees C, respectively.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Reesei Cellulase Produced by Submerged Versus Solid State Fermentations

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana NEAGU ◽  
Jacqueline DESTAIN ◽  
Phillipe THONART ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Optimum Ph And Temperature

The aim of this study was to produce and characterize a cellulase-rich fraction using submerged or solid state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei (QM 1914) strain. The carbon sources were the wheat bran or sawdust, the production yield of this enzyme production was higher in both fermentation types using sawdust substrate, and especially by solid state fermentation, after five days of fermentation. The optimum pH and temperature for the efficient crude enzyme production was established to be 5 and 60°C, respectively, but lost 50% of its activity after 30 minutes, when heated at 60°C. Comparatively with other fungi, the efficiency of Trichoderma sp. to synthesize cellulase rich extract was higher. 

scholarly journals Effects of Different Carbon Sources on Pectinase Production by Penicillium oxalicum

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana NEAGU ◽  
Jacqueline DESTAIN ◽  
Phillipe THONART ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Beet Pulp

Currently, obtaining enzymatic preparations with low production costs is the ultimate challenge for researchers worldwide. This study compares the productivity of pectinolytic enzymes using Penicillium oxalicum strain in submerged and solid state fermentation. Agro-industrial residues used as carbon sources were beet pulp, wheat bran and rapeseed cake. Enzyme production was higher in both fermentation types using wheat bran. Comparing the two types of fermentation, it was observed that enzyme activity is higher in solid state fermentation. The maximal activity was reached after seven days by solid state fermentation. Pectinase activity decreased progressively after 96 days, in solid state fermentation when was used beet pulp and rapeseed cake. Optimum pH and temperature for the crude enzyme activity was obtained by wheat bran in solid state fermentation at 5 and 60°C, respectively. The crude enzyme lost 50% of its activity after 40 minutes, when was heated at 60°C. 

scholarly journals Production of Glucoamylase, α-amylase and Cellulase by Aspergillus oryzae F-923 Cultivated on Wheat Bran under Solid State Fermentation

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
M. Fadel ◽  
Sawsan AbdEl-Halim ◽  
Hayat Sharada ◽  
Ahmed Yehia ◽  
Mayar Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature

Filamentous fungi have been widely utilized in production of enzymes which have many industrial applications. In this study, twenty five local fungal isolates, belonging to Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium sp., were screened under solid state fermentation conditions (SSF) for the production of α-amylase, glucoamylase and cellulase. Asperigillus oryzae F-923, cultivated on wheat bran, was the most promising isolate for production of the target enzymes under this study. Physical parameters of moisture content, pH, temperature and incubation time, optimized were 1:2(w/v), 5.5, 28°C and 72 hr, respectively. The production of enzymes was enhanced when ammonium sulfate was supplemented as a nitrogen source to wheat bran. The production of α-amylase and glucoamylase was also enhanced when 10% (w/w) soluble starch was added as a carbon source to wheat bran. However xylose supplementation at 10% (w/w) was observed to be best for cellulase production. Tap water was found to be efficient for enzymes' extraction from the fermentation medium. Three successive extractions were needed to obtain the produced enzymes from the fermented substrate. Characterization of the produced enzymes revealed that, the optimum temperature for α-amylase and glucoamylase was 60°C, while 50°C was the optimum temperature for cellulase activity. Isopropanol 1:1(v/v) was proved to be more suitable for partial purification of enzymes. Following partial purification of enzymes of glucoamylase, α-amylase and cellulase increased to 10.8, 11.8 and 11.4 folds, respectively.

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