scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Phyto-Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia parviflora and Kaempferia pulchra

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Mishra ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga

Medicinal plants are the potent source of biologically active compounds and have always been of field of interest for the effective chemotherapeutic agents and offering a broad spectrum of activity with greater emphasis on preventive action. The objective of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids compounds and determines the antioxidant capacity of the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga Linn, Kaempferia parviflora and Kaempferia pulchra (K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra, Zingiberaceae). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoids and alkaloids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The ethanolic extract of rhizomes of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of all three plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, carbohydrate, and tannin. The total phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids content of ethanolic extract of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra rhizomes were 0.813, 1.146; 1.047, 1.237, 0.285; 0.755, 0.822, 0.975/100mg respectively. All extracts showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid. The present study concluded that the crude extract of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra rhizomes is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. It is expected that the important phytochemical properties recognized by our study in the indigenous medicinal plants will be very useful in the curing of various diseases when taken along with our food.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIACNE ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Vishwakarma ◽  
Narendra Patel ◽  
Prabhakar Budholiya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Chloride Method

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, sapon in, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. In Indian Ayurvedic system, Lagerstroemia Indica (Lythraceae) are well-known plants used for major and minor ailments. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of Lagerstroemia Indica for phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial including anti acne activity. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by FolinsCiocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The present study concluded that the crude extract of Lagerstroemia Indica is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential.  The extract of Lagerstroemia Indica possess antimicrobial effectiveness againt P. acne and other microbes, In Vitro anti acne activity. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Lagerstroemia Indica, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antiacne.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN SOME SELECTED NEPALESE MEDICINAL PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
RUPAK KHAREL ◽  
KHAGA RAJ SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in nine selected medicinal plants Spondias pinnata, Melia azedarach, Ageratina adenophora, Urtica dioica, Curcuma longa, Bauhinia variegata, Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume, Achyranthes aspera, and Psidium guajava from Kavre district of Nepal using in vitro studies. Methods: Methanolic plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method. The methanol extract of nine medicinal plants collected from Kavre district of Nepal, was screened for assessing bioactive phytoconstituents followed by antioxidant property, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. Different plants collected were powdered and extracted with methanol, concentrated by a rotatory evaporator and analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals. The antioxidant potential of the plant extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results: The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of all nine medicinal plants displayed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and quinones. The extract of S. pinnata showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity up to 87.94±1.88 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 17.51±1.27 μg/mL, followed by B. variegata, 80.63±1.06 with IC50 value 26.55±2.61 μg/mL. The standard, ascorbic acid has IC50 value of 20.13±1.17 μg/mL. Further, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. pinnata showed the maximum percentage of radical scavenging (85.92±1.37) with IC50 value of 46.95±1.17 μg/mL. Moreover, S. pinnata displayed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) 48.26±1.23 mg GAE/g (milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram) extract while the highest flavonoid content was displayed by Melia azedarach 41.07±1.53 mg QE/g (milligram quercetin equivalent per gram) extract measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study have put forward the extract of S. pinnata showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity and S. pinnata displayed the highest TPC while the highest flavonoid content was displayed by Melia azedarach methanolic extracts although the further studies are needed to assess its mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Effects of Gamma-Irradiation on the Antioxidant Potential of Traditional Bulgarian Teas

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Michał Adam Janiak ◽  
Adriana Slavova-Kazakova ◽  
Magdalena Karamać ◽  
Vessela Kancheva ◽  
Anastasiya Terzieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Food Irradiation ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Good Night

Food irradiation technologies are used to reduce the risk of food borne diseases by eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, prolonging shelf life and reducing storage losses by delaying ripening, germination or sprouting. However, application of irradiation in food technology can negatively influence the biologically active compounds in foods. In this research, the effect of gamma-irradiation on the antioxidant activity of Bulgarian teas was investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the total phenolic and tannin content and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of Bulgarian herbal teas before and after gamma-irradiation. Mursalski tea ( Sideritis scardica), Mashterka tea ( Thymus serpyllum), Good Night tea (tea mix), Staroplaninski tea (Balkan tea mix), Trakia tea (tea mix), and Mountain tea (Planinski tea mix) were selected for this study. Gamma-irradiation was applied at the absorbed dose of 5 kGy. Antioxidant activity of non-irradiated and irradiated teas was determined by measuring antiradical activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ and the ability to reduce ferrous ions. The highest total phenolic content was found in Mursalski tea (268 mg/g), and the highest tannin content in Good Night tea (168 mg/g). FRAP, TEAC and DPPH assays revealed that the most active samples were Staroplaninski (2.78 mmol Fe (II)/g), Planinski (0.87 mmol Trolox/g) and Planinski (0.032 mg/mL), respectively. The radical scavenging activity of irradiated tea samples was maintained after gamma-irradiation. The most interesting extract from irradiated tea studied was Staroplaninski, which demonstrated a higher antioxidant potential in the irradiated sample compared with the non-irradiated sample.

scholarly journals Determination of Functional Properties of Sri Lankan Ambarella (Spondias dulcis Forst. syn. Spondias cytherea Sonn.) Fruit and Development of Vacuum Dried Ambarella Fruit Powder and Incorporated Soup Mix

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
N. P. G. D. Navoda ◽  
M. D. W. Samaranayake ◽  
S. L. Liyanage ◽  
H. M. T. Herath ◽  
J. M. J. K. Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Fruit Powder

Objective: To develop vacuum dried (VD) Ambarella fruit powder and Ambarella fruit incorporated soup mix from large and miniature Ambarella and investigation of antioxidants and anti-diabetic properties. Methods: Ethanolic extracts of two Ambarella varieties were analyzed for antioxidant potential in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferrous reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), radical scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Results: Fresh dwarf Ambarella showed a significantly (p<0.05) high TPC (3.35±0.10 mgGAE/g) while fresh large Ambarella showed a significantly (p<0.05) high FRAP (0.71±0.13 mgTE/g) and DPPH (3.57±0.31 mg TE/g). In comparison of ethanolic extracts of VD Ambarella powders, a significantly (p<0.05) higher antioxidant potential in terms of FRAP (4.19±0.06 mgTE/g) exhibited in dwarf variety while significantly (p<0.05) higher ABTS (4.03±0.27 mgTE/g) and DPPH (3.00±0.49mgTE/g) exhibited in large Ambarella. Alpha amylase inhibition activities of fresh fruits of large and dwarf were 46.30±4.07% and 49.55±3.18% where as in VD powders were 27.59±5.03% and 15.58±5.86% respectively. An instant soup mixture was developed incorporating 20% of VD powder from large variety due its abundance. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of the soup mixture in terms of TPC, TFC, ABTS, and FRAP were 0.55±0.00 mgGAE/g, 0.04±0.00 mgQE/g, 1.65±0.06 mgTE/g, and 0.04±0.15 mgTE/g. Alpha amylase inhibition activity of soup mixture was 39.49±0.29%. Conclusion: The both types of fresh fruits exhibited higher antioxidant potential except FRAP and higher anti-amylase inhibition than VD Ambarella powder.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND ALKALOID CONTENT IN HYDROALCOHOLIC CONTENT IN RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Jain ◽  
Meenakshi Jain ◽  
Anurekha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽  
Dpph Method

The objectives of this study are to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of flavonoid and alkaloids compounds and determine the antioxidant capacity of the Rauwolfia serpentina stem. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol and alkaloids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The hydro alcoholic extract of stem of Rauwolfia serpentina was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. The total flavonoids and alkaloids content of Rauwolfia serpentina stem of hydroalcoholic extract was 1.086 and 2.364mg/100mg respectively. Ascorbic acid used as standards was also evaluated for comparison. The extract showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models. Rauwolfia serpentina stem extract showed IC50 value 68.10?g/ml for DPPH method, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68?g/ml). The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Rauwolfia serpentina which will further used for medicinal applications.

scholarly journals FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES AND EVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLEOME GYNANDRA

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMYA KUBER BANOTH ◽  
ASHWINI THATIKONDA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nature of chemical constituents, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Cleome gynandra and their functional groups with the help of phytochemical, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, colorimetric assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Methods: C. gynandra of the Cleomaceae family is an annual herb. The dried leaves were powdered and extracted using Soxhlet apparatus by different solvents. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out to identify the phytoconstituents present in the extract of C. gynandra, FTIR spectrum was scanned at the range of 4000-400 cm−1. The extracts were subjected to the colorimetric assay in triplicate manner to quantitative determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Gallic acid and rutin used as standards to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging method. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of C. gynandra revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and tannins. FTIR spectrum showed intense bands at 3679.18, 3616.63, 3317.34, 2943.67, 1634.01, 1360.20, 1036.71, and 778.04 cm−1 corresponding to N-H2, O-H stretch, aliphatic C-H stretch, C=O, C-H benzene, C-O stretch, and C-Cl. The total phenolic content was found to be 8.39 ± 0.0952 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 66.76 ± 0.0333 mg rutin equivalent/g. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract was showed more scavenging activity compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions. Conclusion: The present research work creates a platform to screen many bioactive chemical constituents present in C. gynandra to treat various diseases.

scholarly journals Biological Efficacy and Toxicological Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. (Leguminosae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gameli Afu ◽  
Michael Konney Laryea ◽  
Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Scientific Validation

Medicinal plants are used worldwide to treat various diseases. However, scientific validation of the therapeutic potential of most medicinal plants is absent, and little to no information on their potential toxicity exists. It is therefore important to assess the efficacy and toxicity of various medicinal plants commonly used in traditional herbal medicine. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Cassia nodosa, a plant used in the treatment of fever, cold, gastric pain, diabetes mellitus, and malaria in Ghana. The stem bark extract of Cassia nodosa was obtained by cold maceration. Following phytochemical examination via standard procedures, the extract was screened for antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The extract was also evaluated for acute oral toxicity and its toxicity to the liver and kidney of rats. Phytochemicals present in the extract included sterols, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and coumarins. In the in vitro antiplasmodial activity test, the Cassia nodosa extract showed moderate antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 23.98 ± 2.07 µg/ml. An ED50 value of 8.52 ± 2.83 mg/kg in the anti-inflammatory test indicated that the Cassia nodosa extract administered orally was very active in reducing inflammation. The total antioxidant capacity of the extract was determined to be 48.49 ± 5.24 gAAE/100 g with the total phenolic content being 28.48 ± 3.13 (gGAE/100 g) extract. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the concentration required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical was found to be 78.71 ± 6.84 µg/mL. There was a gradual increase in the body weight of rats in both treated and control groups during the acute toxicity test. Clinical biochemical tests did not show any significant differences between control and treated groups of animals in terms of liver and renal functions, 14 days after administration of Cassia nodosa extracts. Taken together, these results provide scientific validation for the use of the plant in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, HPLC Profiling and Anti-oxidant Potential of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan ◽  
Shakeel Ijaz ◽  
Razia Riaz ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Cholistan Desert ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Euphorbia nivulia (EN) one of the members of Euphorbiaceae family, is a medicinal plant of Cholistan Desert (Punjab, Pakistan) that is traditionally used for a number of diseases. The plant is enriched with many phyto-constituents including flavonoids, triterpenes and polyphenols. In present study, crude extract as well as various fractions were assessed for phytochemical analysis, HPLC profiling, radical scavenging property and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Hydro-alcoholic (70%) crude extract of EN was subjected to fractionation using different solvents including n-hexane, chloroform, butanol and aqueous. After performing the phytochemical screening and HPLC profiling, antioxidant activity was estimated by using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were also estimated. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols like quercitin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid and ferulic acid in crude extract as well as butanol and aqueous fractions. Results revealed that butanol fraction showed maximum phenolic (143.26±2.65 mg/g GA/g) and crude extract showed maximum flavonoid (69.80±1.212 mg/g Q) contents. Maximum antioxidant potential was displaced by butanol fraction which was IC50=0.04±0.02 by DPPH and 1193.77±12.4 μmol TE/ml by FRAP respectively. Current study is the first information about the HPLC profiling of phenolic compounds in EN and its antioxidant potential that could be a step forward towards ethno-pharmacological based phyto-medicine.

scholarly journals TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF REPRESENTATIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THAILAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Periyanaina Kesika ◽  
Khontaros Chaiyasut ◽  
Piyanut Sittiyuno ◽  
Sartjin Peerajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Plant Samples

  Objective: Plants are the vital source of pharmaceutically important compounds with less or no adverse side effects. The current study was conducted to catalog the commonly used indigenous and medicinal plants of Thailand based on their phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity.Methods: The herbs were collected from Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The plants were extracted with 70% ethanol. The total phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity were evaluated.Results: The ethanolic extract of plant samples was prepared. Among the tested plant samples, Phyllanthus emblica Linn. and Terminalia belerica Roxb. showed highest phenolic content (Gallic acid equivalent [GAE]; 764.81 mg GAE/g sample) and antioxidant activity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC]; 394.20 mg/g sample), respectively. About 94-97% of inhibition of free radical was detected in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay tested against the plant samples. The ethanolic extract of Anaxagorea luzonensis Gray., Terminalia sp., T. belerica Roxb, Terminalia chebula Retz., Albizia procera Benth., Harrisonia perforata Merr., and P. emblica Linn. exhibited 97.87, 96.08, 92.26, 86.74, 86.08, 84.47, and 83.13% of superoxide radical inhibition, respectively.Conclusion: The results suggested that T. belerica Roxb. possessed high TEAC ability and DPPH radical scavenging capacity and A. luzonensis Gray. exhibited high superoxide scavenging activity, when compared to that of the other tested samples. The additional detailed study is desirable to understand the complexity and distribution of bioactive compounds present in the commonly used plant species of Thailand.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential of Plumbago indica Root Extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
Kavita Mane ◽  
Rajendra Patil ◽  
Aditya Nath Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Plumbago Indica

Due to their well-known attribute of having minimal side effects as compared to medicines, natural items with medical potential are progressively gaining prominence in clinical research. The roots of Plumbago indica (P. indica, Plumbaginaceae) are commercially significant since they are the primary source of plumbagin and its derivatives. Plumbagin is well-known for its many pharmacological properties. P. indica roots yielded three naphthoquinones: plumbagin, 3, 30-biplumbagin, and elliptinone, which were employed as standard markers for quantitative HPLC analysis. The goal of this research was to screen phytochemicals, assess alkaloids, phenolic and flavonoid content, and measure the antioxidant potential of P. indica roots. The well-known test methodology was used to determine qualitative analysis of several phytochemical ingredients as well as quantitative analysis of total alkaloids, phenol, and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of an ethanolic extract of P. indica roots was investigated in vitro using the 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test technique. Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, proteins, and glucose were found in the ethanol and aqueous extracts, according to phytochemical study. P. indica roots ethanolic extract had 5.55, 0.930, and 3.940 mg of total phenolic, flavonoids, and alkaloids respectively. For comparative purposes, ascorbic acid was employed as a benchmark. In the investigated models, the extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging properties. For the DPPH technique, P. indica roots extract had an IC50 value of 23.02 µg/ml, which was equivalent to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68 µg/ml). These researches contributed to the accurate identification of this plant material. The plant's broad variety of phytochemicals implies that it has medicinal potential, which might be investigated in the pharmaceutical sector as well as in traditional medicine.

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