scholarly journals Measurement of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels, PT and APTT among HIV Infected Patients: A Critical Bio-Marker for Coagulation Dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
pp. 350-357
Author(s):  
Allageya Yousif Khailfa Ahmed ◽  
Nasr Eldeen Ali Mohammed Gaufri ◽  
Sara Abdelgani ◽  
Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: The literature stated that Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection led to activation of coagulation, and habitually linked with an augmented risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. So the purpose of the study was to determine the plasma fibrinogen level in Sudanese HIV-infected patients. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred participants were recruited, and classified into two groups; the case group include (50) HIV patients, and the control group enrolled (50) healthy individuals. Three ml of blood was collected. Fresh Poor Plasma was prepared from citrated venous blood by centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3000 pm. Fibrinogen levels were measured by an automated coagulation analyzer (Thrombolyzer XRC Germany). Data were collected using a directly structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.  Results: The present study showed that the mean of plasma fibrinogen levels was statistically significantly higher in HIV infection in comparison with those normal healthy control (470.50 ±67.75 vs 214.75±21.25 with P-value 0.00). There was a significantly decreased level of PT, and PTT among the HIV group comparing with the control (9.575±0.64, and 22.39±4.94) VS (12.483±0.72, and 30.78±3.55) consequently, (P-value ≤0.001). Fibrinogen levels were significantly increased with the progression of HIV disease (469.84 ±67.15, 472.74 ±87.75, 478.47 ±61.92) in stage I, stage II, and stage III respectively. Conclusions: An HIV-infected patient had elevated plasma fibrinogen levels, as well as other coagulation dysfunctions.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acute Deep Vein Thromboses

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Louw ◽  
Barry F. Jacobson ◽  
Harry Büller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
South African ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Deep Vein

Abnormalities that predispose to a hypercoagulable state with an increased incidence of venous thrombosis have been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and are associated with an increased mortality. A recent systematic review by Klein et al concluded that further studies are essential to elucidate the link between HIV infection and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We prospectively evaluated 24 consecutive, active people presenting with an acute DVT; 13 consented to HIV testing, revealing an HIV prevalence of 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.04). In a matched healthy control group, the HIV prevalence was 4% (95% CI, 0.039-0.041). The high HIV prevalence in the DVT group that consented to testing was also significantly higher compared to that in the South African population, estimated to be 10% in 2005. Although the study numbers were low, a statistically significant increased prevalence of HIV infection was found in patients with acute DVTs.

Evaluation of Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase and Albumin in HIV Infected Patients: A Historical Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-402
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Samaneh Vaziri-Amjad ◽  
Poorandokht Davoodi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: Saliva is a very important complex biological oral fluid .Antioxidants are present in all body fluids. Uric acid, albumin and vitamins are some of the non- enzymatic molecular antioxidants. Alkaline phosphatase is related to cell injury and death. Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of salivary alkaline phosphatase and albumin level in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group. Methods: Case groups were 49 HIV positive subjects, compared with 49 healthy control group. Oral clinical examination was carried out. Five ml unstimulated whole saliva was collected during 5 min with the Navazesh method. Alkaline phosphatase was determined by spectrophotometric assay. Albumin was assessed by the nephelometric method. Results: The results of this study showed significantly lower salivary albumin in the case group in comparison to healthy control group (p= 0.001). HIV positive group had greater alkaline phosphatase than the healthy control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.458). Conclusion: Salivary albumin level was significantly decreased and salivary alkaline phosphatase level slightly increased in HIV positive patients in comparison to healthy control group. All of the HIV infected patients were in early phase of HIV infection with normal immune status. More research is needed to estimate these enzymes changes in late phase of HIV infection and AIDS step.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Iron and Ferritin in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Rihab Akasha Mohammed ◽  
Sara M. Siddig ◽  
Mohammed A. Mahdi ◽  
Adil A. Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
The Mean

Background:  The incidence of renal failure, and potentially of CRF, is increasing steadily in Sudan. Anaemia is an accompaniment and independent risk factor for the development of cardiac dysfunction along with other complications. It is also responsible for 40-50% deaths in CRF patients. For this reason, the quick and accurate diagnosis of anaemia should help in decreasing the morbidity caused by CRF. The correction of anaemia, e.g. by the administration of iron supplements and/or erythropoietin, should help improving the general outcome of CRF. methods: Fifty patients with chronic renal failure, already diagnosed clinically and on laboratory basis were selected as a sample group. Another 50 healthy individuals not known to have renal disease were selected as a control group. 5 ml of venous blood was collected in lithium heparin container for iron and ferritin. Concentration of iron was measured by colorimetric method by using SPINREACT™ and serum ferritin by Turbilatex-Ferritin kit. The data obtained were analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) on programmed computer. Results: The mean ± SD of serum ferritin was calculated in patients and controls and it was found 72 μg/L ± 16.2  for patients and 96 μg/L ± 19.7 for controls the (p-value 0.000). Also the mean ± SD of serum iron was obtain from patients and controls and was found 41μg/dL ± 29.2 and 87 μg/dL ± 47.5 respectively with (p-value = 0.000). There were a weak negative correlation between serum iron and serum ferritin concentrations in patients and controls (R -0.161). Conclusion: The study concludes that serum iron and ferritin levels in CRF patients are significantly low in comparison to healthy controls.

scholarly journals Level of Serum Calcium in Psoriatic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Masuda Khatun ◽  
Mollah Md Abu Sayed ◽  
MD Shah Alam ◽  
Farida Yeasmin ◽  
Lubna Khondker
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean

Various forms of skin disease like psoriasis have been found to show disturbances in systemic calcium metabolism in some cases. Calcium is the major regulator of keratinocytes differentiation. The main objective of this study was to find out the serum calcium level of patients with psoriasis in comparison with control subjects without psoriasis. The present study was a case control study from July 2015 to June 2016. Consecutive type of sampling method was followed in this study. The case group was consisting of 30 psoriatic patients and the control group was consisting of 30 non psoriatic patients attended in Skin and VD department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. The mean age of the psoriatic group was 35.57±7.75 years (minimum 22 years and maximum 50 years), while it was 35.17±7.32 years (minimum 23 years and maximum 48 years) in the control group. The mean serum calcium level in psoriatic patients was 8.84±0.95 mg/dl (minimum 7.2mg/dl and maximum 10.2 mg/dl) while in controls it was 9.49±0.90 mg/dl (minimum 7.7 mg/dl and maximum 10.9 mg/dl). Statistical difference was observed between case and control participants with p-value <0.05. Hypocalcemia was observed in 33.33% psoriatic patients as compared 10% in controls (P value <0.05). In conclusion, serum calcium levels were lower in psoriatic patients than in control subjects. It is better to include dairy foods as calcium resource in daily diet of patients suffering from psoriasis. CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 29-32

scholarly journals The Predictive Values of Lymphocytopenia in West Darfur Patients with Malaria

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-210
Author(s):  
Salma Mohammed Abotaha ◽  
Amira Ahmed Khalid Humeida (MBBs- MD)
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Background: In Sudan malaria is most commonly caused by infection with plasmodium falciparum, although by p.vivax. Malaria causes the most dangerous and highest rates of complication and mortality. Most malaria cases in 2018 were reported by the world health organization (WHO) in the African region(213 million cases of malaria or 93% of all malaria cases in the world and 70% is 5 years or younger). Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure and compare the mean of absolute lymphocyte count in malaria patients and control groups, and to determine positive and negative predictive values of lymphocytopenia in malaria patients. Methods: It was conducted on 100 subjects with malaria as cases and 100 subjects without malaria as controls, at EL Genina Hospital after obtaining the ethical approval and the subjects' consent. It was done by testing the CBC, differential counts, and absolute lymphocyte count then determining the means and p-values. The positive and negative predictive values were also determined. Results: It was found that the mean of TWBC count in the case group was(7,13109/l), and (7,84109/l)in the control group, the p-value was (0.150). The mean of lymphocytes differential in the case group was (20.73%)and (33.96%)in the control group, the p-value was (0.000). While the mean of the absolute lymphocytes counts in the case group was (1.39109/l), it was (2.56109/l)in the control group, with a p-value (0.000). This p-value indicated that there was significant lymphocytopenia in malaria patients. The positive predictive value was 83% and the negative predictive value was 69%. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no significant lymphocytopenia in malaria patients and that lymphocytopenia cannot be used as the key hematological indicator of malaria infection. 

scholarly journals Assessment of cervical cytomorphological changes in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Ban Qasim ◽  
Estabraq AR-al wasiti
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Pregnancy Test ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Pregnancy Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fertile Women

The aim of this study is to assess cervical cytomormophological changes in cervical smears taken from infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI compared with normal fertile women. A case-control study of 100 cases were included, 50 infertile group and 50 normal fertile control group both in age range between (20-44), Pap smear taken prior to ova pickup in case group and in preovulatory day in control group. The mean age for case group was 28.9 ±5.6 year; and the mean age of control group was 29.7 ±5.5 years with no significant difference between them t=1.99, p=0.5, the most frequent cause of infertility is polycystic ovaries or with polycystic ovarian syndrome which diagnosed in (36%) of patients then (28%) of patients diagnosed with unexplained infertility. Case group has (22%) diagnosed with atypical squamous cells with undetermined significance (ASC-US) while control group has just 1 case (2%) with ASC-US and this affects pregnancy test result since (18%) out of (22%) of patient with (ASC-US) pap smear report has negative pregnancy test. Statistical analysis shows significant correlation between positive cervicitis and negative pregnancy test (P value = 0.04) because (52%) out of (66%) with positive cervicitis has negative pregnancy test.beside a significant relation between positive infection in pap smear report and negative pregnancy test because (30%) out of (34%) with positive infection in pap smear has negative pregnancy test. In Conclusions, infertile women eligible for IVF are more probable to have ASC-US when compared with normal fertile women, ASC-US worsen pregnancy test results in women undergoing IVF/ICSI because (18%) out of (22%) of patient with (ASC-US) have negative pregnancy test.

scholarly journals Evaluating QT dispersion in children with syncope attacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Movahedian ◽  
Ali Mohammad Shakiba ◽  
Mojtaba Sehat ◽  
Maryam Sadat Razavi ◽  
Marzieh Heydarzadeh Arani
Keyword(s):  
Qt Dispersion ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background and Aims: Syncope is due to brain dysfunction and is a common compliant among children. It accounts for almost 3% of all emergency departments (ED) visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the QT dispersion in children with syncope in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan in 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed among 50 children with syncope attacks (case group) referred to the Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2014 and 50 healthy children (control group) referred to the center for causes such as a cold or developmental examination. ECG was taken and QT, QTd (QT dispersion), QTc (Corrected QT interval) and QTcd (QTmin-QTmax =QT dispersion) intervals were studied. After proper explanation to the parents, data was obtained from the case and control group and was analyzed using Chisquare, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levene›s, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.Results: Total, there were 100 children in the study, the participants were divided into two groups of case (n=50) and control (n=50). Among the studied children, a total of 46 of them (46%) were boys. The mean age range of children in the case and control groups were 7.73± 2.33 and 8.09± 2.31 years, respectively (P-value 0.440). The mean QTmax, QTcmax, QTd and QTcd in the case group were 348.80 ± 46.93, 464.94±48.71, 47.80±19.72, 68.36±24.59 ms (millisecond) respectively and 305.28 ±35.52, 395.70 ±50.05, 29.68±13.45, and 45.16±24.46 ms respectively in the control group. There was a significant difference in terms of each of the 4 parameters (P <0.001), and the value of indices in the control group was significantly less than that of the patient group.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the QTd and QTcd values in the children with syncope attacks were higher than those in the control group. Therefore, precise ECG examination in children suspected of syncope attacks can be helpful in confirming the incidence of syncope. Additionally, the recurrence of attacks can also be predicted in children with higher QTd and QTcd values.

Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Study in South Africans

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1645-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Tarr ◽  
Mohamed Makda ◽  
Eustasius Musenge ◽  
Mohammed Tikly
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
The Mean

Objective.To determine the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.A retrospective records review of patients who contracted HIV infection subsequent to RA diagnosis (HIV group), compared to an HIV-negative group of patients with RA (control group), for 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) scores at initial presentation (T0) and last clinic visit (TL), and at diagnosis of HIV infection (TH) in the HIV group.Results.Of 1712 patients with RA, 85 were HIV-positive (4.9%), 43 of them contracting HIV subsequent to RA diagnosis. The mean (SD) age, RA disease duration, and duration following diagnosis of HIV were 47.1 (10.1), 10.5 (8.4), and 2.9 (2.0) years, respectively, for the HIV group. Both the HIV and control groups showed similar improvement in joint counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) at visit TL, in spite of methotrexate (MTX) being withdrawn in most patients in the HIV group by visit TL (11.6% in the HIV group were still taking MTX vs 83.7% in the control group, p = 0.0002), but a minority (13.9%) had ongoing moderate to high disease activity at visit TL. In the HIV group, the mean DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and DAS28-CRP scores were similar at baseline, but at visits TH and TL the mean DAS28-ESR scores were significantly higher than the mean DAS28-CRP scores (31% and 31.8%, p < 0.0005 and p < 0.004, respectively), mainly resulting from ESR increase following HIV seroconversion.Conclusion.Disease activity improved in most patients in the HIV group in spite of stopping the MTX as the “anchor drug.” The DAS28-ESR overestimates disease activity compared to the DAS28-CRP in the setting of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Low Serum Calcium Levels in Pre-eclampsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Bushra Rashid ◽  
Mariam Malik Richard ◽  
Gul-E-Rana LNU
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Serum

ABSTRACT Background Pre-eclampsia remains the most threatening obstetric complication in Pakistan, resulting in high fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Etiology of pre-eclampsia is not still clearly established. Association of low serum calcium levels with pre-eclampsia may be a factor in poorly nourished women, and some preventive measures may help to reduce the burden of disease. Objective To compare mean serum calcium levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women at third trimester of gestation. Study design Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit-1, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from July 2012 to July 2013. Methodology Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. One hundred each in case and control group. History and examination performed. Proteinuria was checked by dip stick methods. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken to determine mean serum calcium levels of both the groups. Oral calcium supplementation was analyzed through stratification. Data was analyzed through SPSS by applying student's t test and calculating p-value. Results The mean serum calcium levels of the case group were 8.313 ± 0.377 while that of control group were 9.40 ± 0.427 with p-value 0.016. With increasing proteinuria (determined by dipstick method) and so the severity of pre-eclampsia, a gradual fall in serum calcium levels was observed. Conclusion Serum calcium levels in pre-eclamptic pregnant women are lower than in normal pregnant women and so hypocalcemia is associated with pre-eclampsia. How to cite this article Rashid B, Richard MM, Gul-E-Rana. Low Serum Calcium Levels in Pre-eclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):126-129.

A Case Control Study on Serum Level of Micronutrients in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Patients in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Md Shahadath Hossain ◽  
Md Muzibar Rahman ◽  
ASM Shahidullah ◽  
Bina Sen ◽  
Md Rafiqul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Stage

Liver cirrhosis is an end stage condition of liver disease and the leading cause of death for both men and women all over the world. It causes death due to acute or chronic gastrointestinal blood loss & multi organ failure. The aim of the study is to evaluate the serum Copper, Zinc and Iron levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. A total 120 subjects were included in this study. Among them, 60 diagnosed decompensated liver cirrhosis patients denoted as case group (n=60) and 60 were normal healthy individuals denoted as control group (n=60), both the case and control groups were male because liver cirrhosis occurs rarely female in Bangladesh. The subjects were briefed and written consents were taken. Under all aseptic precaution 5 ml of venous blood was collected from median cubital vein, analysis was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, over a period of one year from July 2015 to June 2016. All statistical analysis was performed by SPSS windows package, version 20. Significance of the difference between two groups were evaluated by using student's unpaired 't' test. All the values were expressed as mean ± SD and P value 0.05 was taken as the level of significance. After careful evaluation, in the present study we found significant increase in the serum Copper levels and significant decreases in the serum Zinc and Iron levels in liver cirrhosis patients when compared with that of control group. It can be concluded that to overcome fatal consequences of decompensated liver cirrhosis patients we should avoid high Copper containing food provides Zinc and Iron supplementation as well as blood transfusion may be beneficial. CBMJ 2019 July: Vol. 08 No. 02 P: 10-16

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