The Predictive Values of Lymphocytopenia in West Darfur Patients with Malaria

Background: In Sudan malaria is most commonly caused by infection with plasmodium falciparum, although by p.vivax. Malaria causes the most dangerous and highest rates of complication and mortality. Most malaria cases in 2018 were reported by the world health organization (WHO) in the African region(213 million cases of malaria or 93% of all malaria cases in the world and 70% is 5 years or younger). Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure and compare the mean of absolute lymphocyte count in malaria patients and control groups, and to determine positive and negative predictive values of lymphocytopenia in malaria patients. Methods: It was conducted on 100 subjects with malaria as cases and 100 subjects without malaria as controls, at EL Genina Hospital after obtaining the ethical approval and the subjects' consent. It was done by testing the CBC, differential counts, and absolute lymphocyte count then determining the means and p-values. The positive and negative predictive values were also determined. Results: It was found that the mean of TWBC count in the case group was(7,13109/l), and (7,84109/l)in the control group, the p-value was (0.150). The mean of lymphocytes differential in the case group was (20.73%)and (33.96%)in the control group, the p-value was (0.000). While the mean of the absolute lymphocytes counts in the case group was (1.39109/l), it was (2.56109/l)in the control group, with a p-value (0.000). This p-value indicated that there was significant lymphocytopenia in malaria patients. The positive predictive value was 83% and the negative predictive value was 69%. Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no significant lymphocytopenia in malaria patients and that lymphocytopenia cannot be used as the key hematological indicator of malaria infection.

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Nucleated Red Blood Cell in Cord Blood as a Marker of Perinatal Asphyxia

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v35i3.14487 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 264-268

Author(s):

Piush Kanodia ◽

Nisha Keshary Bhatta ◽

Rupa Rajbhandari Singh ◽

Gauri Shankar Shah ◽

Shankar Prasad Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Health Organization ◽

Normal Neonates ◽

Control Study

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common problem with the incidence varying from 0.5 –2% of live births. According to World Health Organization, approximately 4 million babies die each year before they reach the age of one month. The number of NRBC/100 WBC is variable but is rarely greater than 10 in normal neonates. This simple test can be helpful in the rapid assessment of perinatal asphyxia. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study and there were 82 newborns in Case and 82 newborns in Controls comprising of asphyxiated and nonasphyxiated neonates, respectively, over a period of 12 months. Results: Out of the 82 neonates in case group, fifty nine (59) neonates were found to have NRBC level ≥10/100WBC, out of which 58 (70.7%) were cases and 1(1.2%) was a control. NRBCs count of ≥10/100WBC were seen more in the newborn who had low 5 min Apgar score and in the newborn with severe HIE, these association were statistically significant (P value <0.001). The cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC also found to have a sensitivity of 70.30% with a specificity of 98.78%. NRBC has a positive predictive value of 98.31% with a negative predictive value of 77.14%. Significance and sensitive area for ROC curve was 0.875. The ROC curve was calculated with cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC.Conclusions: NRBC counts can be very useful to differentiate HIE newborns from non-HIE newborns which will help in appropriate management and better outcome of these newborns.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):264-268

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Applying food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the dietary pattern and life style on women with breast cancer

Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad ◽

10.32007/19jfacmedbaghdad36.v60i2.19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

Huda H. Alabbody ◽

Ban S. Al- Nasiry ◽

Khalida H. Kadhim

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽

Life Style ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Food Frequency ◽

The World

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and ranked number two afterlung cancer in the world. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer accounts for22.9% among cancers in women in 2012.Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the dietary pattern particularly dairy productsconsumption and the role of lifestyle on women with breast cancer in Baghdad city and its suburbs.Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer, as a case group,compared with a control group comprised of 100 healthy women. Demographic data were collectedfrom both groups. A food frequency questionnaire was used of 33 items of foods for reporting thedietary pattern and modes of life style of the participants. The statistical Chi-square test / SPSS V.22was used to analyze the data.Results: Our data show that 71% of the women in the two groups were found to be overweightwith body mass index (BMI 25-29.9). 90% of obese women represented in case group (BMI ≥30), while82% of normal weight women (BMI 18.5-24.9) were in control group. Approximately 61% of womenin both groups were in post-menopausal age. Intake of high fatty dairy products by the participantsshowed a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk (OR=1.625, CIs 95%=0.686-3.847).Consumption of vegetables and fruits was significantly lower (P˂0.01) in case group than in the controlgroup. Furthermore, roughly 68% women in the case group used to smoke cigarettes. In addition, lackor decreased regular physical exercises (never with ≥1 practice per wk) was statistically significant(OR= 44. 809; CIs= 5.889 –340.963). Other parameters, including long period of breastfeeding, earlyage at first birth and consumption of white meat, beans and eggs were all reported to have significance.On the other hand, there was no correlation with the marital status, occupation, living area, class ofdairy products, and passive smoking.Conclusion: Unhealthy dietary habits especially high-fat dairy intake and wrong lifestyle may be riskfactors and predispose Iraqi women for breast cancer development. Therefore, eating healthy food andfollowing correct lifestyle are highly recommended as a suitable program for the prevention of breastcancer.

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Case control study of nucleated RBC’s in cord blood as a predictor of perinatal asphyxia its severity and outcome

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174625 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2008

Author(s):

Mandeep Singh Khurana ◽

Sunita Arora ◽

Supriya Malik ◽

Jasgobind Singh Gulati

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Case Control ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Control Study

Background: Perinatal asphyxia word derived from the greek word a-spyxos, meaning born without an evident pulse, is one of the most important causes of fetal distress. Inspite of major advances in technology and knowledge of fetal and perinatal medicine, it is one of the significant causes of mortality and long-term morbidity. World health organization (WHO) has defined perinatal asphyxia as a failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. HIE is one of the most common complication in an asphyxiated neonate because of its serious longterm neuromotor sequalae among the survivors. A detailed classification of HIE staging in term neonate was proposed by Sarnat and Sarnat.Methods: The present study was prospective case control study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of Department of Pediatrics at SGRD institute of medical sciences and research over a period of one year from September 2016 to august 2017. Total of 100 newborns among which 50 asphyxiated babies were designated to case group and rest 50 normal term babies to control group. The NRBC count of the case and control groups is compared. The NRBC’s of subjects belonging to different stages of HIE is then compared. The results were analysed statistically chi-square analysis for variance (qualitative analysis), t-test (compare mean NRBC’s in different stages) by SPSS version 20 software for biostatistic and p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among total 100 babies included in the study, the male and female distribution was 22 (44%) and 28 (56%) in cases and 23 (46%) and 27 (54%) in controls respectively. In our study, the NRBC /100 WBC count for normal newborn was 0.88±1.35 and in case group it was 21.40±20.Conclusions: In present study, the cord blood NRBC count was shown to be a good predictor of perinatal asphyxia with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 87.72%. NRBC’s can be used for early detection of HIE and its grading in asphyxiated neonates.

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Pilot Study: Detection of Gastric Cancer From Exhaled Air Analyzed With an Electronic Nose in Chinese Patients

Surgical Innovation ◽

10.1177/1553350618781267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 429-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Valérie N. E. Schuermans ◽

Ziyu Li ◽

Audrey C. H. M. Jongen ◽

Zhouqiao Wu ◽

Jinyao Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Binary Data ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Exhaled Air

The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the ability of an electronic nose (e-nose) to distinguish malignant gastric histology from healthy controls in exhaled breath. In a period of 3 weeks, all preoperative gastric carcinoma (GC) patients (n = 16) in the Beijing Oncology Hospital were asked to participate in the study. The control group (n = 28) consisted of family members screened by endoscopy and healthy volunteers. The e-nose consists of 3 sensors with which volatile organic compounds in the exhaled air react. Real-time analysis takes place within the e-nose, and binary data are exported and interpreted by an artificial neuronal network. This is a self-learning computational system. The inclusion rate of the study was 100%. Baseline characteristics differed significantly only for age: the average age of the patient group was 57 years and that of the healthy control group 37 years ( P value = .000). Weight loss was the only significant different symptom ( P value = .040). A total of 16 patients and 28 controls were included; 13 proved to be true positive and 20 proved to be true negative. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 71%, with an accuracy of 75%. These results give a positive predictive value of 62% and a negative predictive value of 87%. This pilot study shows that the e-nose has the capability of diagnosing GC based on exhaled air, with promising predictive values for a screening purpose.

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Level of Serum Calcium in Psoriatic Patients

Community Based Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/cbmj.v5i2.53928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Masuda Khatun ◽

Mollah Md Abu Sayed ◽

MD Shah Alam ◽

Farida Yeasmin ◽

Lubna Khondker

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Mean

Various forms of skin disease like psoriasis have been found to show disturbances in systemic calcium metabolism in some cases. Calcium is the major regulator of keratinocytes differentiation. The main objective of this study was to find out the serum calcium level of patients with psoriasis in comparison with control subjects without psoriasis. The present study was a case control study from July 2015 to June 2016. Consecutive type of sampling method was followed in this study. The case group was consisting of 30 psoriatic patients and the control group was consisting of 30 non psoriatic patients attended in Skin and VD department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. The mean age of the psoriatic group was 35.57±7.75 years (minimum 22 years and maximum 50 years), while it was 35.17±7.32 years (minimum 23 years and maximum 48 years) in the control group. The mean serum calcium level in psoriatic patients was 8.84±0.95 mg/dl (minimum 7.2mg/dl and maximum 10.2 mg/dl) while in controls it was 9.49±0.90 mg/dl (minimum 7.7 mg/dl and maximum 10.9 mg/dl). Statistical difference was observed between case and control participants with p-value <0.05. Hypocalcemia was observed in 33.33% psoriatic patients as compared 10% in controls (P value <0.05). In conclusion, serum calcium levels were lower in psoriatic patients than in control subjects. It is better to include dairy foods as calcium resource in daily diet of patients suffering from psoriasis. CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 29-32

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Assessment of cervical cytomorphological changes in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI

American Journal of BioMedicine ◽

10.18081/2333-5106/016-9/388-397 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 235-253

Author(s):

Ban Qasim ◽

Estabraq AR-al wasiti

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Pregnancy Test ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Pregnancy Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Fertile Women

The aim of this study is to assess cervical cytomormophological changes in cervical smears taken from infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI compared with normal fertile women. A case-control study of 100 cases were included, 50 infertile group and 50 normal fertile control group both in age range between (20-44), Pap smear taken prior to ova pickup in case group and in preovulatory day in control group. The mean age for case group was 28.9 ±5.6 year; and the mean age of control group was 29.7 ±5.5 years with no significant difference between them t=1.99, p=0.5, the most frequent cause of infertility is polycystic ovaries or with polycystic ovarian syndrome which diagnosed in (36%) of patients then (28%) of patients diagnosed with unexplained infertility. Case group has (22%) diagnosed with atypical squamous cells with undetermined significance (ASC-US) while control group has just 1 case (2%) with ASC-US and this affects pregnancy test result since (18%) out of (22%) of patient with (ASC-US) pap smear report has negative pregnancy test. Statistical analysis shows significant correlation between positive cervicitis and negative pregnancy test (P value = 0.04) because (52%) out of (66%) with positive cervicitis has negative pregnancy test.beside a significant relation between positive infection in pap smear report and negative pregnancy test because (30%) out of (34%) with positive infection in pap smear has negative pregnancy test. In Conclusions, infertile women eligible for IVF are more probable to have ASC-US when compared with normal fertile women, ASC-US worsen pregnancy test results in women undergoing IVF/ICSI because (18%) out of (22%) of patient with (ASC-US) have negative pregnancy test.

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Measurement of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels, PT and APTT among HIV Infected Patients: A Critical Bio-Marker for Coagulation Dysfunctions

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i57b34066 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 350-357

Author(s):

Allageya Yousif Khailfa Ahmed ◽

Nasr Eldeen Ali Mohammed Gaufri ◽

Sara Abdelgani ◽

Lienda Bashier Eltayeb

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Plasma Fibrinogen ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Mean ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: The literature stated that Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection led to activation of coagulation, and habitually linked with an augmented risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. So the purpose of the study was to determine the plasma fibrinogen level in Sudanese HIV-infected patients. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred participants were recruited, and classified into two groups; the case group include (50) HIV patients, and the control group enrolled (50) healthy individuals. Three ml of blood was collected. Fresh Poor Plasma was prepared from citrated venous blood by centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3000 pm. Fibrinogen levels were measured by an automated coagulation analyzer (Thrombolyzer XRC Germany). Data were collected using a directly structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Results: The present study showed that the mean of plasma fibrinogen levels was statistically significantly higher in HIV infection in comparison with those normal healthy control (470.50 ±67.75 vs 214.75±21.25 with P-value 0.00). There was a significantly decreased level of PT, and PTT among the HIV group comparing with the control (9.575±0.64, and 22.39±4.94) VS (12.483±0.72, and 30.78±3.55) consequently, (P-value ≤0.001). Fibrinogen levels were significantly increased with the progression of HIV disease (469.84 ±67.15, 472.74 ±87.75, 478.47 ±61.92) in stage I, stage II, and stage III respectively. Conclusions: An HIV-infected patient had elevated plasma fibrinogen levels, as well as other coagulation dysfunctions.

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Evaluating QT dispersion in children with syncope attacks

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v15i2.21471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Movahedian ◽

Ali Mohammad Shakiba ◽

Mojtaba Sehat ◽

Maryam Sadat Razavi ◽

Marzieh Heydarzadeh Arani

Keyword(s):

Qt Dispersion ◽

Brain Dysfunction ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background and Aims: Syncope is due to brain dysfunction and is a common compliant among children. It accounts for almost 3% of all emergency departments (ED) visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the QT dispersion in children with syncope in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan in 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed among 50 children with syncope attacks (case group) referred to the Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2014 and 50 healthy children (control group) referred to the center for causes such as a cold or developmental examination. ECG was taken and QT, QTd (QT dispersion), QTc (Corrected QT interval) and QTcd (QTmin-QTmax =QT dispersion) intervals were studied. After proper explanation to the parents, data was obtained from the case and control group and was analyzed using Chisquare, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levene›s, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.Results: Total, there were 100 children in the study, the participants were divided into two groups of case (n=50) and control (n=50). Among the studied children, a total of 46 of them (46%) were boys. The mean age range of children in the case and control groups were 7.73± 2.33 and 8.09± 2.31 years, respectively (P-value 0.440). The mean QTmax, QTcmax, QTd and QTcd in the case group were 348.80 ± 46.93, 464.94±48.71, 47.80±19.72, 68.36±24.59 ms (millisecond) respectively and 305.28 ±35.52, 395.70 ±50.05, 29.68±13.45, and 45.16±24.46 ms respectively in the control group. There was a significant difference in terms of each of the 4 parameters (P <0.001), and the value of indices in the control group was significantly less than that of the patient group.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the QTd and QTcd values in the children with syncope attacks were higher than those in the control group. Therefore, precise ECG examination in children suspected of syncope attacks can be helpful in confirming the incidence of syncope. Additionally, the recurrence of attacks can also be predicted in children with higher QTd and QTcd values.

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To Compare the Frequency of Chlamydial Infection in Infertile Women Compared to Normal Women

10.53350/pjmhs211561434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1434-1438

Author(s):

S. Jabeen ◽

S. Yasmin ◽

S. Riaz ◽

A. Nazeer

Keyword(s):

Chlamydial Infection ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Tubal Factor ◽

The Mean ◽

Normal Women

Background: A better understanding of the role of persistent C. trachomatis infections in tubal factor subfertility may be useful in optimizing the fertility work-up by incorporating screening tests for persistent C. trachomatis infections. The aim is to accurately estimate the risk of persistence and identify those women who are at highest risk of tubal pathology. Aim: To compare the frequency of chlamydial infection in infertile women compared to normal women. Study Design: Case control study. Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hospital, Bahawalpur. Study duration: 1st October 2019 to 31st March 2020. Methods: A total of 88 women (44 infertile and 44 normal), having normal semen analysis report, of age ranging from 18 to 40 years were included. Patients with polycystic ovarian disease, hyperprolactinemia, & hypothyroidism were excluded. Blood sample of all women in both groups was sent to the institutional pathology laboratory for presence or absence of chlamydial infection. Results: The mean age of women in case group was 27.80 ± 3.60 years and in control group was 28.05 ± 3.69 years. The mean duration of marriage in case group was 4.93 ± 1.66 years and in control group was 4.95 ± 1.68 years. The mean BMI in case group was 29.36 ± 2.52 kg/m2 and in control group was 29.50 ± 2.51 kg/m2. My study reveals the frequency of chlamydial infection in infertile women was seen in 15 (34.09%) women as compared to 05 (9.09%) in normal women which has shown p-value of 0.007 and odds ratio of 5.17 which is significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of chlamydial infection in infertile women is higher compared to normal women. Keywords: Infertility, chlamydial infection, tubal factor, sexually transmitted diseases

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Evaluation of urea and creatinine levels in vaginal wash fluid for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20203340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 3449

Author(s):

Abha Sharma ◽

Richa Sharma ◽

Tannavi Agarwal

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Premature Rupture ◽

Predictive Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Vaginal Wash ◽

Group 1

Background: Evaluation of urea and creatinine levels in vaginal wash fluid for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes.Methods: The study was conducted on150 pregnant patients, 50 in each group. Confirmed PROM and unconfirmed PROM. Per speculum examination was done to look for pooling, pH tested using the Pehanon paper and vaginal wash fluid was collected. Vaginal wash fluid urea and creatinine levels were tested by a kit based on spectrophotometry.Results: The mean urea levels were 26.35 mg/dl in the study Group 1 and 3.12 mg/dl in the control group. ROC curve was plotted and the cut off value of vaginal wash fluid urea was found to be 8.55 mg/dl. The vaginal wash fluid urea levels of >8.55 mg/dl detected PROM with a sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of 100%. The mean creatinine levels were 0.62 mg/dl in study Group 1 and 0.20 mg/dl in the control group. ROC curve was plotted and the cut off value of vaginal wash fluid creatinine was found to be 0.405 mg/dl. Vaginal wash fluid creatinine levels detected PROM with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 100%. The negative predictive value and positive predictive values were 80.4% and 100%.Conclusions: Urea can be used as a definite marker of PROM and creatinine can be used as a supportive marker.

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