scholarly journals Assessment of Income Inequality, Structure and Conduct of Cocoa Marketers in Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. I. Olutumise ◽  
L. O. Oparinde ◽  
O. O. Simon-Oke
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Labour Cost ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
High Level

The level of income inequality and structure-conduct of cocoa marketers were evaluated in Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, while a multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics, concentration ratio, Gini coefficient, index of dissimilarity, Herfindahl index; Ordinary Least Square (OLS) as well as Quantile Regression (QR) were used as analytical tools. The result showed the value of Gini coefficient as 0.76, which established a relatively high level of income inequality among cocoa marketers in the study area. The concentration ratio of one, two and four largest marketers in the cocoa marketing business also accounted for 19.2%, 31.9% and 45.8% respectively, of the total volume of cocoa beans sold in the study area, while the value (0.069) of the Herfindahl index further confirmed the presence of low concentration in the market share of cocoa marketers in the study area. The OLS result revealed that household size, education, access to credit, depreciation cost on fixed inputs and labour cost constituted the main factors affecting the income of the marketers, while depreciation cost on fixed inputs and labour cost were consistently significant in OLS and across the conditional quantiles (q25, q50 and q75). Therefore, it is expected that appropriate practical approach in addressing high level of income inequality as identified by the study should be taken by all stakeholders in the industry, with a view to making low-interest credit facilities and incentives available to the marketers in order to increase their scale of operations, and consequently bridge the inequality gap.

Do corporate attributes drive integrated reporting amongst listed companies in Nigeria?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Adelowotan ◽  
Ini E. Udofia
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Reporting Framework ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Research purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the association between corporate attributes and the implementation of Integrated Reporting (IR) among quoted companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange which currently operates a voluntary based disclosure environment.Design and method: Using content analysis to derive the disclosure scores for integrated reporting and corporate attributes, the authors investigated the impact of corporate attributes on the implementation of the integrated reporting of a sample of 90 listed firms. The annual reports covering 2013–2017 were analysed using the disclosure methodologies developed by prior researchers in IR. The hypotheses were tested using panel least square regressions.Main findings: The authors found that corporate attributes have a statistically positive and significant impact on the implementation of integrated reporting framework, that share ownership structure and firm age have an insignificant influence over corporate implementation of the integrated reporting framework. The research findings extend integrated reporting research in Nigeria from mere primary data analysis to quantitative data analysis.Practical implications: The empirical findings provide regulators with evidence on the current level of integrated reporting disclosures and the influence of corporate attributes in driving integrated reporting.Originality and value: The study makes significant contributions to integrated reporting literature from a developing country’s perspective. It also provided empirical evidence of a high level of disclosure compliance with the IR framework among quoted companies in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Shrimp production and its effects on family income inequality in some selected areas of Khulna district

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Asma Ul Husna ◽  
Dilshad Zahan Ethen ◽  
Ismat Ara Begum ◽  
Farzana Yesmin ◽  
Hurunnahar Khushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Shrimp Farm ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Shrimp Production ◽  
Hired Labor

This study attempted to find out the determinants of shrimp production and to assess the effects of income from shrimp production on family income inequality in Khulna district of Bangladesh. Forty-five farmers were selected from the Bhanderkote union of Batiaghata Upazila under Khulna District. Among them 15 were small farmers, 22 were medium farmers and 8 were large farmers. Data were collected from May to July 2014 through face to face interview. Ordinary Least Square had been used to find out the determinants of shrimp production. Gini coefficient was measured to see the effects of family income inequality. Expenditure on shrimp fingerling, feed, lime, education, and hired labor were the important determinants and had significant effects on shrimp production. Shrimp farm incomes were equal among all categories of farmers (small, medium and large) and all farmers bear the value of Gini0.31, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.36 respectively. In the case of nonfarm incomes small, large and all farmers were relatively equal (G=0.49, G=0.42, and G=0.44 respectively) where the medium farmers (G=0.55) were relatively unequal. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(1): 153-163, April 2020

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MARKETING MIX ON “KPR XTRA BEBAS” DECISION MAKING IN BANK X REGIONAL I

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Michael Arthur ◽  
Alla Asmara ◽  
Megawati Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Place Promotion

The rapid growth of mortgages affected Bank X to launch product innovation "KPR Xtra Bebas." Realization since the establishment of KPR Xtra Bebas product did not reach the target desired by management. This study aims to analyze factors that influence consumer decision by using KPR Xtra Bebas products in order to do useful and efficient marketing. Sampling procedure used purposive sampling technique as one of the non-probability sampling techniques, namely sampling based on categories that have used the product. Data used are primary data by filling out the questionnaire conducted by the respondents themselves (self-administered survey). This study used the Partial Least Square (PLS) to analyze results from 94 samples. Results of the study identified the variables of price, place, promotion, and the process did not have a significant influence. While product, human resources, and physical evidence have a significant influence. Managerial implications that are generated are for variables that do not have a significant effect evaluation is needed to determine the appropriate strategy. Companies can build customer databases by implementing cross-selling so that promotional variables can function effectively.

scholarly journals Determinants of mobile phones usage for agricultural purposes among arable crop farmers in Iwo zone of Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Francis Ajayi ◽  
Khadijat Olanrewaju ◽  
Olaide Akintunde ◽  
Olubunmi Bamiwuye ◽  
Timothy Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Arable Crop

This study examined the socio-economic factors underlining arable crop famers' use of mobile phones for agricultural-related purposes in Iwo Agricultural Development Program (ADP) Zone of Osun State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 150 arable crop farmers from whom primary data were collected with structured interview schedule. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis. Findings from this study revealed that most frequently used applications include voice call (99.3%), calendar (96.7%), calculator (96%) and torch light (95.3%). Most of the farmers strongly consented that mobile phones facilitated timely access to needed services (𝑋̅ = 4.74), eased production decision making (𝑋̅ = 4.54), enhanced increased income and profit (𝑋̅ = 4.50) and accessing personalized information about new farming techniques (𝑋̅ = 4.44). Major constraints identified for limiting the usage of phones for agricultural purposes were poor internet access (𝑋̅ = 3.73), inadequate electricity to charge t he mobile phone (𝑋̅ = 3.55), poor network access (𝑋̅ = 3.54) and high charges on services (𝑋̅ = 3.41). Gender (b= 4.337; P˂ .01), level of education (b= 16.358; P˂ .01), years of farming (b= 0.513; P˂.05), information sources (b= 0.645; P˂.01) all jointly had positive influence on farmers' use of mobile phones for agricultural information. It was recommended that higher capacity of female and arable crop farmers with lower level of education should be energized to utilize their mobile phones for enhancing their production activities.

scholarly journals Analysis of Determinants of Access to Credit for Cotton Producers in Mali

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Touré Lassana ◽  
Diop Ibrahima Thione
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Farm Credit ◽  
Insurance Mechanism

This research analyzed the determinants of cotton producers’ access to credit for in the areas of the Malian Textile Development Company (CMDT). Primary data collection was carried out using questionnaires submitted to 400 producers through multistage stratified sampling procedure (zones and types of farms constituting the strata). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit model. The values measuring the overall significance of the model are of the order of: Wald's test statistic chi2 = 68.98, Area under the ROC curve = 0.68 and Model good prediction rate = 71.03%. The binomial logit model showed that the significant variables (at the 15% level) affecting cotton producers’ access to credit are age, marital status, level of education, income, interest rate, existence of material collateral and type of farm. It is therefore recommended that the financial institutions, CMDT and the Producers' Cooperatives be enhanced working together for an interest rate set at levels that take into account the sustainability of the credit institutions and managing communication around a fixed interest rate in order to avoid confusion for employees and cotton producers; making less restrictive the conditions for cotton producers to obtain credit for, so that those who do not have access can benefit from credit; revitalizing producers’ training level to enable better management of farm credit by the beneficiaries; setting up an insurance mechanism for cotton producers to cover unpaid debts due to natural climatic hazards and encouraging the population to grow cotton since the increase in active members on the farm has a positive influence on the chances of having access to credit.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stock Investment Decisions on Investors in Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2748-2759
Author(s):  
Sinta Dewi ◽  
Tri Kartika Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to analyze stock investment decisions in investors in Surabaya. This research is quantitative research. The Analysis technique used is the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using primary data. It involved 95 respondents who invested in stocks for more than a year as research objects. The results of the analysis show investors with a good understanding of financial literacy will make the right investment decisions and investors with a high level of financial literacy will be better aware and able to minimize the risks that will be faced but when investors want a high rate of return then investors can tolerate risk in order to get a profit in the future. The absence of a direct relationship between overconfidence to investment decisions can be incarnate in the world of stocks, the most respondents are respondents whose investment experience is 1 year to 3 years, it can be said as a beginner player in stock investing. beginners players are not reliable in making decisions. The most respondents were respondents aged 30-39 years. This age includes a mature age. Respondents with a mature age will be more careful, they do not make an unsecured excess confidence as a reference in acting in investment activities, although an attitude of excessive confidence can help respondents to be able to tolerate risks arising from activities.   

scholarly journals Credit Constraint and Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Cassava Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

Agricultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Damilola Kehinde ◽  
◽  
Muyiwa Sunday Olatidoye ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Model ◽  
Credit Constraint ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Cassava Production

This study investigated the effect of credit constraint on technical efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 200 smallholder cassava farmers using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model. Results from the descriptive statistics showed that majority (81%) of the cassava farmers were male with the mean age of 44.1 (±14.9) years. About 86% of the respondents were married with mean household size of 6.9 (±3.5) persons. The results further revealed that 65% of the farmers were credit constrained. Results obtained from the stochastic frontier model showed that smallholder cassava farmers had an average technical efficiency of 73.6% in cassava production. The empirical results from the frontier model showed that man-day of labour significantly influence the technical efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Osun State. However, access to credit, amount of credit constrained and years of education were the major sources of technical inefficiencies among smallholder cassava farmers. The study concluded that majority of smallholder cassava farmers were credit constrained, as the amount of credit they received is not sufficient for their production which subsequently affected their technical efficiency. It was recommended that organizations giving agricultural credits to cassava farmers should enhance their credit services. This will assist smallholder cassava farmers to improve their technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Fertilizer use among cocoa farmers in Ghana: the case of Sefwi Wiawso District

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Nunoo ◽  
Benedicta Nsiah Frimpong ◽  
Frederick Kwabena Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study analyses factors that influence fertilizer use among cocoa farmers in the Sefwi Wiawso District in the Western Region, Ghana. Primary data were obtained from 200 cocoa farmers in the district. Descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis were used to analyse data collected. The results revealed that majority of the cocoa farmers were males and are getting old. Also farm size and price of fertilizer were significant factors affecting fertilizer use among cocoa farmers in the Sefwi Wiawso District in the Western Region. Moreover 74.5 percent farmers do not use fertilizer whereas 25.5 percent use fertilizer on their cocoa farms. The study recommends that Ghana government should further subsidise the price of fertilizer to make fertilizer more affordable to small holder cocoa farmers and also adopt strategies that hedge against price risk. In addition, illiterate farmers should be encouraged to undergo adult literacy programmes. Rural development policies should think about the importance of improving small-scale farmers? access to credit market. Furthermore, the extension unit of the Ghana Cocoa board and Ministry of Agriculture should be strengthened to educate cocoa farmers more on fertilizer usage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9939 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 22-31

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Crayfish Marketing in Anambra State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Uche Okeke ◽  
Temple Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
High Transportation Cost ◽  
Marketing Variables ◽  
High Level

The study examined the economics of crayfish marketing in Anambra State, Nigeria, Its specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of crayfish marketers: Identified the marketing channels of crayfish in the area; estimated the profitability of crayfish marketing by the intermediaries; estimated the marketing efficiency level attained .by the intermediaries; established the determinants of net marketing income realized by the marketers and identified constraints to crayfish marketing in the area. The multistage sampling procedure was used to select two agricultural zones (Onitsha and Awka), 12 daily markets and 120 respondents (60 wholesalers and 60 retailers) for the study. Well, a structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents for the cross-sectional data collection on the marketing variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique, Shephard-Futrell technique and multiple regression analysis. Findings on the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents revealed that there were more female than male in crayfish marketing and the majority (91%) of the respondents had no access to credit facilities. The study revealed three level marketing channels where the majority (78%) of the respondents identified channels one (fishermen/supplier wholesalers retailers consumers) as the most frequently patronized. The second channel was (fishermen retailers consumers), while the third was (fishermen wholesalers -restaurants/hotels). The report also indicated that the retailers realized more profit than the wholesalers and there was a high level of inefficiency among the wholesalers (95.12%) than the retailers (81.67%). Findings on the effects of socio-economic factors of the respondents on net marketing income showed that marital status, marketing cost, access to credit and product price had significant influences on net marketing income while age, gender, educational level and marketer's years of experience were not significant. The wholesalers identified inadequate storage facilities as the highest constraint to crayfish marketing in the area; followed by high transportation cost, high market fees, unstable price, lack of access to loan and inadequate capital. While the retailers implicated high market fees as their major constraint, followed by inadequate capital, unstable price, lack of access to loan, inadequate storage facility and high cost of transportation as the least problem.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Kesejahteraan Nelayan Jaring Rampus (Bottom Gill Net) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Bondet Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Evi Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
High Level ◽  
Descriptive Method

Bondet Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) is located in Cirebon Regency, which is adjacent to Grogol Village, Gunung Jati District, Cirebon Regency, where Grogol Village is one of the villages as a center for fishing fishermen with fishing gear mostly rampus nets. The rampus net (bottom gill net) is one of the fishing gear that can generate a source of income for fishermen in Grogol Village, Gunungjati District, Cirebon Regency which can be operated and produce fish almost every month. The purpose of this study is to explain the welfare of fishermen which can be analyzed in terms of income and expenditure. Bottom gill net fishermen. The method used in this research is descriptive method. This study uses a survey technique, which is a way of collecting data from a number of units or individuals at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed through financial analysis of the fishing business using rampus nets at the Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) Bondet, Cirebon Regency. The results showed that there was income inequality among Bottom Gill Net fishermen in Grogol village with a Gini coefficient value (inequality) of 0.24. Based on welfare indicators, according to BPS and the results of the summation of scores, it is known that bottom gill net fishermen in Grogol village have a high level of welfare (scores 20-24) with a total score of 23, and based on statistical analysis using NTN, the NTN value for bottom gill net fishermen in Grogol village is equal to 9,6 %, where NTN > 1, it can be stated that all Bottom Gill Net fishermen respondents are prosperous. There is no difference in the final result of the level of welfare according to BPS and NTN.

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