scholarly journals Identifying Landmark Achievements in Primary Eye Care Promotion in Nigeria in Accordance with Alma – Ata Declaration of 1978: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
J. E. Moyegbone ◽  
E. U. Nwose ◽  
S. D. Nwajei ◽  
E. A. Agege ◽  
J. O. Odoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Primary Eye Care ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Rehabilitative Services

Background: Alma Ata declaration form the bed rock that link primary health care (PHC) and health promotion to enable individuals and communities to increase control over the determinants of health. The declaration is meant to address the main health problems in the community by providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services including visual impairment. Objective: To evaluate the landmark achievement of eye health promotion for prevention of visual impairment in Nigeria. Methods: A non-systematic review of published literatures was adopted to develop this narrative review. Literatures searches were done through PubMed, google scholar and biomed central. Search terms included primary eye care (PEC), health promotion and Nigeria. 45 articles were reviewed. Results: Landmark achievement includes elimination of blinding trachoma and onchocerciasis as a public health problem following the treatment of 120 million people. Evaluation of the collaboration between Sightsavers, UK and the Ministry of Health in Sokoto State (Northern Nigeria) on VISION 2020 – Right to Sight program; showed an increase in the proportion of persons aged 50 years and over without visual impairment from 54.7% in 2005 to 77.3% in 2016. The prevalence of blindness in same age range declined from an estimated 11.6% to 6.8%, severe VI from 14.2% to 4.3% and moderate VI from 19.5% to 11.4%. A reduction in the estimated all‑age blindness prevalence by more than a half from 2.0% in 2005 to approximately 0.75% in 2016 was reported. No known similar evaluation was surveyed in the southern part of Nigeria to the knowledge of the researchers. However, non-integration of eye health promotional policy into PHC have left the Nigerian population in the miry clay of sustained prevalence of avoidable visual impairment. Conclusion: Alma Ata Declaration called on all governments to formulate national policies, strategies and plans of action to launch and sustain primary healthcare, integration of PEC and eye health promotional policies into PHC system to reduce the public health burden of avoidable visual impairment.

scholarly journals Evaluating Eye Health Care Services Progress Towards VISION 2020 Goals in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiliksew Teshome ◽  
Omar Salamanca ◽  
Alana Calise ◽  
Jibat Gemida Soboka
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Primary Eye Care ◽  
Eye Health

Abstract Background Ethiopia signed the VISION 2020 Global Declaration and launched its eye health program in 2002. Since then, there has been limited systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the progress towards VISION 2020 goals in Ethiopia.Purpose To evaluate Gurage Zone progress towards VISION 2020 targets and process indicators.Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among all public and private eye health care facilities in the Gurage Zone within the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People Region of Ethiopia. The evaluation protocol was adopted from the VISION 2020 situational analysis data collection tool. We used this structure to evaluate progress in terms of human resources, infrastructure, and service delivery at the Zonal Health Office and facility level.Result At the time of the study, the Gurage Zone had a 1.7 million catchment area population. There was a total of five eye care centers, of which one was established by a Non-Governmental Organization. Three of these facilities were secondary eye care centers with an operating theater and two of them were primary eye care centers. At the zonal level, there is no survey data available on the prevalence of blindness. There was no systemic evaluation of VISION 2020 process indicators. The budget allocation specific to eye health care was less than 0.7% of the total budget of the office. The human resources for eye health in the catchment area were: one ophthalmologist, two cataract surgeons, five optometrists, and 12 ophthalmic nurses, which is below the VISION 2020 targets for human resources for eye health. In terms of equipment, neither primary eye care center had a slit lamp biomicroscope, and two of the three secondary eye care centers did not have intraocular pressure (IOP) measuring equipment. Only one secondary eye care center was providing glaucoma surgical services, and no center provided either emergency or elective pediatric surgery. The cataract surgical rate (CSR) determined by the study was 1967.ConclusionGurage Zone had not achieved VISION 2020 goals in terms of critical human resources and service delivery. We recommend that the Zonal Health Office carries out a focused and baseline evaluation of eye health care service achievements.

scholarly journals Surgical eye camp in rural area of Nepal and its role in Vision 2020

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kharel Sitaula ◽  
S N Joshi ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Eye Camps

Blindness continues to remain a major public health problem in Nepal and cataract is the leading cause. Cataract surgical coverage is relatively low in the rural areas where prevalence of blindness is high. To evaluate the role of surgical out­reached eye camps in rural Nepal and its impact in Vision 2020. This is a descriptive cross sectional camp based study in a remote village of Nepal, where 4 days screening of the eye disease mainly the cataract was done. 250 patients (54.80% males and 45.20% females) underwent eye health screening tests. Cataract was the commonest ocular disease (29.6%) among the screened population and 24% (60 patients) of them required cataract surgery (57% male and 43% female). The mean age of the operated patient was 71.84 ± 10.6years. Among the operated cases, bilateral blindness was present in 21.66% and unilateral blindness in 70% but after vision restoring cataract surgery, normal visual acuity (6/6-6/18) was achieved in 31(51.66%), and vision of 6/24-6/60 in 23 (38.33%) cases. Cataract remains to be the major cause of blindness in Nepal and arrangement of repeated surgical eye camps in the remote areas of Nepal could aid in reducing the prevent­able cause of blindness thereby help in achieving the goal of Vision 2020. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Sokoto State, Nigeria: Baseline data for Vision 2020: The right to sight eye care programme

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasiru Muhammad ◽  
RabiuM Mansur ◽  
AdamuM Dantani ◽  
Elizabeth Elhassan ◽  
Sunday Isiyaku
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Burden of Osteoporosis in the Countries of the Eurasian Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Alla G. Zakroyeva ◽  
Varta Babalyan ◽  
Guldjan Gabdulina ◽  
Оlga Lobanchenko ◽  
Оlga B. Ershova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Future ◽  
Eurasian Region

The public health burden of osteoporosis estimated by the results of clinical and population-based researches in most of the former USSR is uncertain for today. The objective of this audit (Audit-2020) was the epidemiological, medico-social and economic analyse of current and future osteoporosis challenges for the future years for eight countries of the Eurasian region.Methods. We did a search and critical analysis of the publications, including of regional in English, Russian or national languages, did organize a structured survey among national osteoporosis societies members in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, as well as explored the demographic trends in these countries.Results. Scientific researches including the wide population-based EVA project discovered that the expected number of patients with osteoporosis varies from 240,000 in Armenia to 16 million in Russia. All the countries should be categorized as a moderate risk of hip fractures for women (200–300 cases /100,000 per year). Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan have moderate risk for men (100–150/100,000), as well as Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are distinguished by a high risk for men (over 150 cases/100,000). Population aging trends are predicting the future growth in the osteoporosis-associated health challenges throughout the region. It is likely the number of osteoporotic fractures to rise in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan the most: 2.5–3.5 times by 2050. However current hospitalization rates for hip fracture persons are low in most countries (33–80%), the diagnostic equipment is insufficient (0.2–1.3 per million), DXA testing are expensive. Although modern treatments are available, the cure expenses remain high. Hereby, immediate action is required in each country of audit, including admit osteoporosis is a priority public health problem.Conclusion. Osteoporosis is a challenge for the countries of the Eurasian region. Its burden is about to get worse due to the expected demographic changes.

scholarly journals A study of the cost analysis of various oral antihypertensive drugs available in Indian market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Neelesh Arya ◽  
Shweta Agrawal ◽  
Mehul Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost

Background: Hypertension is a serious global public health problem. It accounts for 10% of all deaths in India and is the leading non-communicable disease. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension is 25% in urban and 10% in rural people in India. It exerts a substantial public health burden on cardiovascular health status and health care systems in India. Antihypertensive treatment effectively reduces hypertension related morbidity and mortality. The cost of medications has always been a barrier to effective treatment. The increasing prevalence of hypertension requires use of cost effective treatment for the effective management of the disease.Methods: Cost of a particular drug (cost per 10 tablets) in the same strength and dosage forms being manufactured by different companies was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties, Jan‑April 2019 and “Indian Drug Review” (IDR) September 2018. Difference between the maximum and minimum cost of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated and percentage cost variation was calculated.Results: The prices of a total of 24 drugs (15 single and 9 combination preparations), available in 59 different formulations were analysed. These 62 formulations are manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies.Conclusions: The average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral antihypertensive drug manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Safety of Favipiravir in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herni Damayanti ◽  
I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa ◽  
Rani Sauriasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Conditions

COVID-19 is a major public health problem, with still questionable specific cure. Favipiravir is a COVID-19 antiviral that is included in several drugs, potentially a therapy for COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze its efficacy and safety in moderate to critical hospitalized patients. This study was a retrospective cohort in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia, from August 2020 to January 2021. There was a total of 192 patients; 96 patients in the favipiravir group and 96 patients in the non-favipiravir group (remdesivir/oseltamivir). Effectivity was measured by assessing the clinical condition at the end of the isolation period of 14 days. The favipiravir group showed better clinical conditions than the non-favipiravir group (79.2% vs. 56.3%; aRR 2.196; 95% CI = 1.084 – 4.451, p=0.029), seen from being free of fever and respiratory problems. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the clinical improvement was significantly different in the severe/critical group in favor of favipiravir (RR 1,573; 95% CI = 1.139-2.172). The most common non-serious adverse events (AE) found in the use of favipiravir were gastrointestinal disturbances (12.5%). In conclusion, favipiravir is effective in severe/critical cases, and no serious adverse events were found in its use. Appropriate treatment is expected to help in reducing the public health burden.

scholarly journals Harrowing Blindness and Ocular Morbidity in a Himalayan Village

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Pokharel ◽  
Himal Kandel ◽  
Reshma Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Eye Care ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

To address this terrible situation, we propose the following solutions: in the short term, conduct regular eye health camps with appropriate management locally. In the long term, to strengthen primary eye care and integrate it into general health, by training primary health care workers in primary eye care (more specifically assessing visual acuity) establishing adequate referral channels. Currently, unfortunately, much of eye care service delivery remains centered on the district headquarters and accessible places, with other remote regions left unattended. We hope our report will awaken all concerned to the dire need for equitable eye care across the country.

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