scholarly journals Global Trends of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the Impacts on Biodiversity: Spillover, Diversity and the Role of Bats in Evolutionary Relationships as Zoonotic Virus Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Diniz Pereira Leite Júnior ◽  
Elisangela Santana de Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Gisela Lara da Costa ◽  
Ronaldo Sousa Pereira ◽  
Mário Mendes Bonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research And Education

Introduction: It is possible that the evolution of man is associated with manifestations of microscopic beings that have accompanied him since ancient times. Emerging infectious diseases have been warning for decades that habitat fragmentation and degradation, antropization effects, animal trafficking increase the risk of diseases spreading from wildlife to human populations. Aims: The purpose of this study was to review the current events about the pandemics that occurred on the planet and the current situation of bat involvement, their high degree of ecological plasticity that these beings present with the emergence and spread of viruses. Methodology: Review the current knowledge about viral diversity, host condition and possible mammalian reservoirs in the face of pandemics and the close relationship of bats with humans and other possibly incriminated species. Given the epidemics of the last century, it is possible to observe that the increased interaction between humans and wild animals has facilitated the emergence of viral strains of importance for public health. Results: Given the reports argued by the scientific community, bats may be responsible for the air cycle of viral diseases, being considered of great importance in the study of epidemiology. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has come to test the ability of humans to face a threat that may be repeated in the future. As part of nature, bats cannot be framed as precursors of viral agents. The knowledge obtained, associated with investment in science, research and education, will put us one step ahead of future pandemic events.

scholarly journals A bibliometric analysis of research on Ebola in Science Citation Index Expanded

2016 ◽  
Vol Volume 112 (Number 3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios Pouris ◽  
Yuh-Shan Ho ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Citation Pattern ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Experimental Drugs

Abstract An unprecedented outbreak of the Ebola virus in 2014 claimed more than 1000 lives in West Africa and the World Health Organization declared a global public health emergency. This outbreak will undoubtedly promote additional research related to the Ebola virus and will create debate related to experimental drugs. This article identified the quantum of research in the field since 1991; the scientific disciplines that contributed to the field; the countries, organisations and authors that supported such research and the most cited articles. An increasing trend in annual production during 1991–2013 was observed. Journal of Virology, Journal of Infectious Diseases, and Virology were the three most productive journals in the field. Similarly, the field of virology dominated the 73 categories in which the Ebola research was classified. A total of 63 countries contributed to Ebola-related research, led by the USA. The most productive institutions were the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. African countries were more likely to be involved in international collaboration than independent research. The most influential article exhibited a notable citation pattern and presented global trends in emerging infectious diseases.

Bats and bat-borne diseases: a perspective on Australian megabats

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin H. J. Ng ◽  
Michelle L. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Wide Range

Bats are the second most species rich and abundant group of mammals and display an array of unique characteristics but are also among the most poorly studied mammals. They fill an important ecological niche and have diversified into a wide range of habitats. In recent years, bats have been implicated as reservoirs for some of the most highly pathogenic emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases reported to date, including SARS-like coronavirus, Ebola, Hendra and Nipah viruses. The ability of bats to harbour these viruses in the absence of clinical signs of disease has resulted in a resurgence of interest in bat biology and virus–host interactions. Interest in bats, in Australia in particular, has intensified following the identification of several novel bat-borne viruses from flying-foxes, including Hendra virus, which is capable of spillover from bats to horses and subsequently to humans with potentially fatal consequences. As we continue to encroach on the natural habitats of bats, a better understanding of bat biology, ecology and virus–host interactions has never before been so critical. In this review, we focus on the biology of Australian pteropid bats and the pathogens they harbour, summarising current knowledge of bat-borne diseases, bat ecology, ethology and immunology.

scholarly journals Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Nature ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 451 (7181) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Jones ◽  
Nikkita G. Patel ◽  
Marc A. Levy ◽  
Adam Storeygard ◽  
Deborah Balk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Global Trends

scholarly journals Ecological Factors of Transmission, Persistence and Circulation of Pathogens In Bat Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
S. Zemanová ◽  
Ľ. Korytár ◽  
Z. Benkő ◽  
M. Prokeš ◽  
A. Ondrejková
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The existence of bats is crucial for all ecosystem units as they fulfil numerous ecological roles. However, they are also considered to be natural reservoirs of a wide range of zoonotic microorganisms, especially viruses. In this review article we briefly summarize current knowledge about various ecological factors that facilitate bat pathogen dispersal and about the current approaches to monitoring viral communities present within bat populations. On the basis of the cited papers, we suggest that the increased focus on complex viral populations in bats and their interactions with other populations and the environment is necessary to fully comprehend the relationship between emerging infectious diseases, the environment and their toll on human health.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Complex Trophic Structure of Mammalian Host Species on the Ecology on Emerging Infectious Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Leticia Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Community Complexity ◽  
Transmission Factors

The benefit of a complex, intact community for maintaining ecosystem health in the face of emerging infectious disease risk has not been deeply explored. The diversity and distribution of haemoparasites in potential host mammal fauna are virtually unknown, and many diseases endemic to North America are not well understood in terms of transmission factors, prevalence, and contagion. Many of these tick and rodent borne pathogens nowadays are considered to be potential emerging infectious diseases that could spread to adjacent areas and new hosts, including humans, with climate change, land-use shift, and the expansion of distributions of the natural vectors of such haemoparasites. This study examines the effect of mammal community complexity in maintaining ecosystem health with respect to rodent/tick-borne diseases which have a high value for human public health as zoonotic diseases as well as for the unknown natural history of the mammalian community network.

scholarly journals Increasing risks for emerging infectious diseases within a rapidly changing High Asia

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charudutt Mishra ◽  
Gustaf Samelius ◽  
Munib Khanyari ◽  
Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas ◽  
Matthew Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Disease Surveillance System ◽  
High Asia ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

AbstractThe cold and arid mountains and plateaus of High Asia, inhabited by a relatively sparse human population, a high density of livestock, and wildlife such as the iconic snow leopard Panthera uncia, are usually considered low risk for disease outbreaks. However, based on current knowledge about drivers of disease emergence, we show that High Asia is rapidly developing conditions that favor increased emergence of infectious diseases and zoonoses. This is because of the existing prevalence of potentially serious pathogens in the system; intensifying environmental degradation; rapid changes in local ecological, socio-ecological, and socio-economic factors; and global risk intensifiers such as climate change and globalization. To better understand and manage the risks posed by diseases to humans, livestock, and wildlife, there is an urgent need for establishing a disease surveillance system and improving human and animal health care. Public health must be integrated with conservation programs, more ecologically sustainable development efforts and long-term disease surveillance.

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