scholarly journals THE NILE DELTA C0ASTA1 PROTECTIOH PROJECT

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Ismail E. Mobarak
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Nile Delta Coast ◽  
Sea Wall ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Ras El Bar

The Nile Delta Coast on the Mediterranean Sea was formed through many centuries. The two existing main branches of the River Nile, i.e. Rosetta and Damietta, succeeded over the ages in forming two peninsulas or protrusions in the sea. By the end of the 19th century erosion started at several important points of the coast, causing damages to the national economy, either directly or indirectly. This erosion has increased tremendously during the last decade. Several field and laboratory studies were carried out during the last few years, concentrating on the severely attacked areas, such as Ras-EL-Bar, Burullas, Rosetta,Maadia. Based on the quick field and laboratory studies, remedial constructions are designed for the locations of severe erosion* Groins for Ras-El-Bar with artificial sand feeding and stone pitching and a wall for the Damietta estuary. A large groin for Burullos outlet which developed some advantageous changes even before finishing its execution,, and sea wall for Maadia. All the above projects are discussed and explained. A long term study project was started early in 1971 to collect the data necessary for a better understanding of the problem. The aims of this project are as follows: (1) To determine the historical formation of the Delta and forecasting future changes ; (2) Study the Meteorology and the Hydrodynamics of the area ; hindcasting and starting a new forecasting technique for them; (3) Planning and design of protective constructions for the coast is to be gained. All the above will be based on an extensive field data collection programme, mathematical models and hydraulic scale models. 1409

Brokers in the tea trade between China and West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 092137402110218
Author(s):  
Ute Röschenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
West Africa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The 19Th Century

Brokers have played important roles in the trade of green tea between China and Mali, from the 19th century when tea first came to Mali up to the present. They mediate between tea buyers and sellers, work on their own account, use soft skills, knowledge and networks and make a living from the commission they gain. This article examines the work of brokers in the tea trade, the social constellations in which they are active and the scope of their activity. Based on extensive field research in Mali and China, this article shows how brokers create their own jobs in a dynamic business landscape, which is often delimited by governmental policies, competing entrepreneurial activities and social movements.

scholarly journals Some notes on a historical perspective of panic disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Egidio Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Greek Mythology ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article aims to describe important points in the history of panic disorder concept, as well as to highlight the importance of its diagnosis for clinical and research developments. Panic disorder has been described in several literary reports and folklore. One of the oldest examples lies in Greek mythology - the god Pan, responsible for the term panic. The first half of the 19th century witnessed the culmination of medical approach. During the second half of the 19th century came the psychological approach of anxiety. The 20th century associated panic disorder to hereditary, organic and psychological factors, dividing anxiety into simple and phobic anxious states. Therapeutic development was also observed in psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic fields. Official classifications began to include panic disorder as a category since the third edition of the American Classification Manual (1980). Some biological theories dealing with etiology were widely discussed during the last decades of the 20th century. They were based on laboratory studies of physiological, cognitive and biochemical tests, as the false suffocation alarm theory and the fear network. Such theories were important in creating new diagnostic paradigms to modern psychiatry. That suggests the need to consider a wide range of historical variables to understand how particular features for panic disorder diagnosis have been developed and how treatment has emerged.

A new species of Hypatima Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) injurious to mango trees in East Africa

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sattler ◽  
A. B. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
A New Species

AbstractHypatima mangiferae Sattler sp. n. is described from Kenya, where its larva is injurious to commercial mango trees. A description of its life-history, based on extensive field observations and laboratory studies, is also provided. The moth, its male and female genitalia and the damage caused by the larva are illustrated.

scholarly journals Effects of waves and currents on the siltation problem of Damietta harbour, Nile Delta coast, Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABO BAKER.I. ABO ZED
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
The North ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Navigation Channel ◽  
Nile Delta Coast

This study evaluates the effect of prevailing dynamic factors on the sedimentation process in Damietta Harbour along the Nile delta coast of Egypt. The monitoring program spanned the period between 1978 and 1999 and included measurements of waves, currents and bathymetric profiles. The evaluation was based on determination of erosion and accretion rates, current regime, sediment transport, wave characteristics and wave refraction. Results revealed that the predominant wave direction from N-NW sector (86 %) throughout the year is responsible for generation of a longshore eastward current. Less frequent waves from the N-NE sector generate an opposing longshore westward current. The refraction pattern for the prevailing wave direction indicates that the harbour and its navigation channel are located within a divergence of wave orthogonal and in an accretion sediment sink area. The annual net rate of littoral drift on the western side of the harbour is about 1.43 * 105 m3 (accretion), while the annual net rate of littoral drift on the eastern side is about 2.54 * 105 m3 (erosion). Currents fluctuate tremendously in speed and direction, especially during the winter months. Hence, sediment transport takes place in offshore, eastward, and onshore directions. Progressive vector diagrams show that the largest near bottom offshore, onshore and easterly net drift occurs during summer, spring and winter respectively. The onshore sediment transport generated during spring and summer plays an important role in the redistribution of eroded sediments during the winter. The overall study of dynamic factors indicated that the harbour site is characterized by eastern, western, offshore and onshore sediment movements. Therefore, the north-south orientation of the navigation channel, with its depth greater than the surrounding area, interrupts sediment drift from different directions and reduces the current speed. Consequently, the sediments sink within the navigation channel from different directions. The sources of sediments contributing to the siltation process of the harbour and its navigation channels are mainly derived from the Rosetta promontory, Burullus beaches, Damietta promontory and from offshore and the dumping area.

Predynastic human presence discovered by core drilling at the northern Nile delta coast, Egypt

Geology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Daniel Stanley ◽  
Thomas F. Jorstad ◽  
Maria Pia Bernasconi ◽  
Dennis Stanford ◽  
Margaret Jodry
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Core Drilling ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Nile Delta Coast

scholarly journals LONGSHORE CURRENTS AND WAVES AT BURULLUS COAST

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
M. Manohar ◽  
I.E. Mobarek ◽  
A. Morcos
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Radiation Stress ◽  
Longshore Currents ◽  
Littoral Current ◽  
Nile Delta Coast ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

Littoral currents within the breaker zone and currents other than those induced by waves beyond the breaker zone exist with considerable magnitude along the Nile Delta coast. Analysis of the littoral currents within the breaker zone by four semi-empirical formulae involving energy, momentum and radiation stress principles indicates good correlation between predicted and observed velocities. Galvin-Eagleson approach gives the best fit. Current data are statistically analysed enabling the determination of the magnitude, direction and percentage of occurrence of any particular littoral current for any particular period. More comprehensive studies of the currents climate within the breaker zone and beyond the breaker zone for the entire Nile Delta coast covering a large number of years are under way,

scholarly journals Proximate Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Halophytes Grown in Coastal Salt Marsh Habitats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yasser A. El-Amier ◽  
Walid Soufan ◽  
Khalid F. Almutairi ◽  
Nouf S. Zaghloul ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Nile Delta Coast

Halophytes have been characterized as a potential resource for fiber, food, fodder, and bioactive compounds. Proximate composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of five wild dominant halophytes (Arthrocnemummacrostachyum, Halocnemumstrobilaceum, Limoniastrummonopetalum, Limoniastrumpruinosum, and Tamarix nilotica) naturally growing along the Nile Delta coast were assessed. The soil supporting these halophytes was sandy to sand-silty, alkaline, with low organic carbon, and relatively high CaCO3. H. strobilaceum attained the highest moisture content, ash, crude fiber, lipids, and total soluble sugars. L. monopetalum showed the highest content of crude protein (18.00%), while T. nilotica had the highest content of total carbohydrates. The studied halophytes can be ranked according to their nutritive value as follows: H.strobilaceum > L.monopetalum > A.macrostachyum > L.pruinosum > T. nilotica. A. macrostachyum attained the highest amount of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. A. macrostachyum showed a high content of phenolic compounds, while H.strobilaceum was rich in tannins and saponin contents. The MeOH extract of A. macrostachyum and H. strobilaceum exhibited substantial antioxidant activity. The present results showed that the studied halophytes could be considered as candidates for forage production or used as green eco-friendly natural resources for bioactive compounds.

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