scholarly journals Optimization of Monoglycerides Production Using KF/CaO-MgO Heterogeneous Catalysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Indro Sumantri ◽  
Riko Rikardo Putra
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Response Surface Methods

The production of monoglyceride or monoacylglycerol (MAG) from triglycerides and glycerol has been studied. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of using KF/CaO-MgO catalyst on MAG production with batch reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading was investigated using Response Surface Methods (RSM). The reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were varied at 200-220 ºC,  2-4 hours, and 0.1-0.3 % w/w, respectively. The maximum yield of monoglyceride 41.58% was achieved the optimum conditions of  catalyst loading of 0.19 % (w/w), reaction temperature of 208.4 ºC, and reaction time of 3.20 hours. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

Optimization Studies on Acid Hydrolysis of Pretreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Production of Xylose by Application of Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duangwang ◽  
C. Sangwichien
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
H2so4 Concentration ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Oil palm empty fruit bunch is a lignocellulosic material from palm oil plantations. It is a potential source of xylose which can be used as a raw material for production of xylitol. Using of lignocellulosic waste for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals is justifiable as these materials are low cost, renewable and widespread sources of sugars. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of H2SO4 concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time for acid hydrolysis of pretreated OPEFB, pretreated OPEFB with reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration were 130 °C, 40 min and 15% (w/v), respectively to achieve high xylose yield. Batch reactions were carried out under various reaction temperature, reaction time and H2SO4 concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was followed to optimize acid hydrolysis in order to obtain high yield of xylose. The optimum reaction temperature, reaction time and H2SO4 concentration were found to be 140 °C, 90 min and 7% (w/v), respectively. The maximum value of xylose was obtained 56.39 g/l by using the above condition. The best result of xylose yield obtained was 126%.

scholarly journals Roles of K2O on the CaO-ZnO Catalyst and Its Influence on Catalyst Basicity for Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 02009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
I. Istadi ◽  
P. Purwanto ◽  
Louis Claudia Marpaung ◽  
Rahmatika Luthfiani Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Titration Method

This research aimed to study the effect of K2O impregnation on the basicity of the CaO-ZnO catalyst and its effect on biodiesel production. The effect of mole ratio of CaO to ZnO catalyst and %wt K2O were also studied. The mole ratio of CaO to ZnO catalyst was varied at 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3, and 3:1, while the %wt K2O was varied at 1, 3, and 5 %. The catalyst basicity was determined by titration method. The basicity of the catalyst increased after the CaO-ZnO catalyst was impregnated with K2O in all mole ratios of CaO-ZnO catalyst. The addition of K2O as a promoter also increase the basicity. The highest basicity was obtained at the CaO-ZnO mole ratio of 3:1 and 5%wt K2O. The tranesterification process was carried out in a batch reactor at a methanol to oil mole ratio of 15:1, a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 4 h, and a catalyst loading of 5%wt oil. The FAME yields obtained were 41.33%. These results proved that K2O plays a role in enhancing the catalyst basicity. In addition, K2O also serves as a binding agent to improve the mechanical properties of the catalyst.

Optimizing Alkali Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Ethanol Production by Application of Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairudee Duangwang ◽  
Chayanoot Sangwichien
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential source of cellulose which can serve as a promising raw material for the production of ethanol. The increasing interest on use of lignocellulosic waste for bioconversion to fuels and chemicals are justifiable as these materials are low cost, renewable and widespread sources of sugars. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time for alkali pretreatment to increase the amount of cellulose for hydrolysis to achieve high glucose yield. Batch reactions were carried out under various reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was followed to optimize the alkali pretreatment in order to obtain high amount of cellulose (%). The optimum reaction temperature, reaction time and NaOH concentration were found to be 130 ˚c, 40 min and 15% (w/v), respectively. The maximum value of cellulose was obtained 68.8% by using the above condition. 19.96 g/L glucose was achieved when reaction was carried out at 130 ˚c for time period of 90 min when 6% (w/v) of H2SO4 concentration maintained.

scholarly journals Optimization and modeling of reactive conditions for free radical solution polymerization of SA-co-BA copolymer based on the yield using response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Basem Elarbe ◽  
Ibrahim Elganidi ◽  
Norhayati Abdullah ◽  
Kamal Yusoh ◽  
Norida Ridzuan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Solution Polymerization

In the recent years, response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most common optimization methods employed in the chemical process. The satisfactory model for predicting the maximum yield in solution polymerization has been a challenge due to various conditions during the synthesis process. In this study, interactive impacts of three parameters which are reaction time, concentration of initiator, and reaction temperature on the yield in free radical polymerization of SABA copolymer using toluene as solvent was investigated using experimental design central composite design (CCD) model under response surface methodology (RSM). The result showed the optimization conditions were reaction time of 7 h, initiator concentration of 1 wt %, and reaction temperature of 90 oC with the corresponding yield of 97.31%. The analysis of the regression model (ANOVA) detected an R2 value of 0.9844, that the model is able to clarify 98.44% of the data variation, and just 1.23% of the whole differences is not clarified by the model. Three experimental validation runs were carried out using the optimal replicate conditions and the highest average yield value obtained is 97.15%. There is an error of about 0.97% as compared to the expected value.Therefore, the results indicate that this model is reliable and is able to predict the yield response accurately. it established that the regression model is extremely significant, indicating a strong agreement between the expected and the experimental values of SABA yield.

Optimization of Magnesium Separation and Extraction from Boron Slurry Using Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Ming Yang Qian ◽  
Zhu Min Wang ◽  
Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Effective Factors

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the soaking Mg leaching ratio from the boron slurry screened by 25 fractional factorial design. Five effective factors such as H2SO4 concentrations, reaction time, reaction temperature and stir velocity were tested by using 25 fractional factorial design criterion and three effective factors H2SO4 concentrations, reaction time and reaction temperature showed significant effect(P2SO4 concentrations of 0.29mol/l, reaction time of 90 min and reaction temperature of 50°C. Three runs of additional confirmation experiments were conducted. The mixture magnesium leaching value was 58.20%.

scholarly journals Optimization of Synthesis of Seleno-Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.) Setch. Polysaccharide by Response Surface Methodology, Its Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Bin Ji ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Long Qin ◽  
Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sargassum Fusiforme ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the synthesis conditions of seleno-Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.) Setch. polysaccharide. Three independent variables (reaction time, reaction temperature, and ratio of Na2SeO3to SFPSI) were tested. Furthermore, the characterization and antioxidant activity of Se-SFPSIin vivowere investigated. The result showed that the actual experimental Se content of Se-SFPSI was 3.352 mg/g at the optimum reaction conditions of reaction time 8 h, reaction temperature 71°C, and ratio of Na2SeO3to SFPSIB 1.0 g/g. A series of experiments showed that the characterization of Se-SFPSIB was significantly different from that of SFPSIB. Additionally, antioxidant activity assay indicated that the Se-SFPSIB could increase catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of mice bearing tumor S180in blood, heart, and liver while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It can be concluded that selenylation is a feasible approach to obtain seleno-polysaccharide which was utilized as highly biological medicine or functional food.

Optimization and statistical analysis of sono-Fenton treated wastewater of food industry using reactor by response surface method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Juwar ◽  
Ajit P. Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio

Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).

scholarly journals Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzer Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oils

In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Nurul Atikah Amin Yusof ◽  
Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari ◽  
Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi ◽  
Rossuriati Dol Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

Optimization of Linoleic Acid Monoepoxidation Condition from Malaysian Jatropha curcas Using Central Composite Design (CCD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Rozaini Abdullah ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
Anis Atikah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Central Composite

The aim of this study was to optimize the monoepoxidation process of linoleic acid obtained from Malaysian Jatropha curcas oil using central composite design (CCD). There were four independent variable factors had been studied which involved reaction temperature (X1), reaction time (X2), catalyst loading (X3) and H2O2 concentration (X4). Thirty experiments were carried out based on the experimental design responses obtained. The results showed that the optimum condition was obtained at catalyst loading of 0.11% (w/w) methyltrioxorhernium (VII) (MTO), H2O2 mole of 99%, reaction temperature of 58.41oC for 5 hours. The central composite design was proven to be simpler method, time saving and required less samples compared to the conventional method.

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