La Recherche de la Pureté dans Électre de Jean Giraudoux

Électre, le protagoniste de la pièce de théâtre de Giraudoux, était à la recherche de l’absolu dans son existence. Elle cherchait à rétablir la justice, la pureté et la vérité. Contrairement à tous les autres personnages de la pièce, elle n'a pas accepté le bonheur médiocre qui lui était offert. Sa recherche de la vérité résultait de la recherche de la pureté, en particulier dans sa famille. La plupart des personnages de la pièce souffraient d'impureté dans leurs relations familiales. La famille d'Électre est impure en raison des crimes commis et d'inceste implicite. Elle cherche à retrouver la pureté de la famille, mais la seule solution à cette impureté profondément enracinée est la mort et la destruction totale afin de commencer une nouvelle vie dès le début. La pureté de la pièce est représentée par un certain nombre d'éléments différents tels que la nature, l'enfance et la lumière. L'enfance, qui représente une existence innocente, joue un rôle majeur dans la pièce et constitue la cause principale de conflit entre Électre et sa mère. La nature est le seul élément pur et beau et elle conserve sa pureté tout au long de la pièce, mais elle ne peut toujours fournir un remède au dilemme éprouvé par Électre. Electra, the protagonist of Giraudoux’s play, was in a desperate search of the ultimate absolute in her existence. She seeks to restore justice, purity, and truth. Unlike all the other characters of the play, she has not accepted the mediocre happiness offered to her. Her search of truth resulted from the pursuit of purity, especially in her family. Most of the characters in the drama suffer from impurity in their familial relationships. Electra's family has been impure due to crimes committed and implied incest. She seeks to recover the purity of the family but the only solution to this deeply rooted impurity is death and destruction of everything in order to start a new life from the beginning. The purity in the play is represented by a number of different elements such as nature, childhood, and light as well. Childhood, that's innocence, plays a major role in the play and it is the overarching cause of conflict between Electra and her mother. Nature is the only beautiful and pure element and it preserves its purity throughout the play but still, it cannot provide a remedy to the dilemma Electra is experiencing.

MENGAGAS CONSTITUTIONAL COMPLAINT DALAM KONSTITUSI INDONESIA DAN POLITIK HUKUM ISLAM

This paper discuss constitutional complaint as laws effort to the violation of constitutional right of civil. The protection of human basic right in the next called constitution right was the one of pure element should be contain in the constututional country. UUD 1945 as basic constitutional of Indonesia contrastly admit and protect civil right constitution, but in reality, many case which complaint to the constition departement that indicated violated constitution right because the laws spread out bay government, on the other hand all effort have done by the complainer can not be justicated. Because of that, appear the ideas of constitutional complaint. constituional complaint is constitution which complaining by the complainer because the ommision of public government which is guessed violated constitutional right of complainer. constitutional complaint in generally can be proposed if all laws effort which here has done or no laws effort again.AbstrakTulisan ini membahas constitutional complaint (pengaduan konstitusional) sebagai upaya hukum terhadap pelanggaran hak-hak konstitusional warga negara. Perlindungan hak-hak dasar manusia yang selanjutnya disebut hak konstitusi adalah salah satu unsur yang mutlak harus ada dalam negara hukum. UUD 1945 sebagai dasar konstitusi Indonesia secara tegas menyatakan mengakui dan melindungi hak-hak konstitusi warga negara, namun pada nyatanya banyak perkara yang diajukan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi yang terindikasi melanggar hak konstitusi karena produk hukum yang dikeluarkan pemerintah, sementara semua upaya hukum yang ada telah ditempuh oleh pihak pengadu tidak dapat diadili. Oleh karena itu, muncul gagasan constitutional complaint. Constitutional complaint adalah pengaduan konstitusional yang diajukan oleh pengadu karena kelalaian pejabat publik yang diduga melanggar hak konstitusional pengadu. Constitutional complaint pada umumnya baru dapat diajukan apabila segala upaya hukum yang tersedia sudah dilalui atau tidak ada upaya hukum lagi.

Gamma signatures of the C-BORD Tagged Neutron Inspection System

In the frame of C-BORD project (H2020 program of the EU), a Rapidly relocatable Tagged Neutron Inspection System (RRTNIS) is being developed to non-intrusively detect explosives, chemical threats, and other illicit goods in cargo containers. Material identification is performed through gamma spectroscopy, using twenty NaI detectors and four LaBr3 detectors, to determine the different elements composing the inspected item from their specific gamma signatures induced by fast neutrons. This is performed using an unfolding algorithm to decompose the energy spectrum of a suspect item, selected by X-ray radiography and on which the RRTNIS inspection is focused, on a database of pure element gamma signatures. This paper reports on simulated signatures for the NaI and LaBr3 detectors, constructed using the MCNP6 code. First experimental spectra of a few elements of interest are also presented.

Effect of feeding chelate complexes of trace elements on the average daily balance of Cu, Zn and Mn in the organism of cows during the period of lacta-tion

The questions are considered about the effect of feeding of trace elements of different types and concentrations in premixes on the average daily balance of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) in the organism of cows of Ukrainian black mottled dairy breed of the two months after calving. For the experiment, 40 cows were selected and formed four groups: one control and three experimental. The cows in the control group fed a premix of sulfate salts of copper, zinc and manganese in doses that are 100% covered their lack in a forage. Experimental animals from I, II and III groups were fed premixes with chelate complexes of Cu, Zn and Mn, which offset the deficiency of trace elements in the feed ration for 100, 50 and 25% (calculated on pure element), respectively. The diet was counted on a cow with an average live weight of 550 kg, with a daily milk yield of 20 kg 4% fat and balanced on the basis of the main nutrients in accordance with the norms. Іn the feeds, excrements, urine and milk of cows, the content of trace elements copper, zinc and manganese was determined by the standardized atomic absorption method on the spectrophotometer AAS-30 («SaglZeiss», Germany). Found a higher percentage of trace elements deposition in the body cows of feeding of chelates of copper, zinc, and manganese in the concentrations that cover their deficit in the diet in the 100% and 50% in the experimental I and II groups: Cu – 7.3% (P < 0.05) and 1.4%, Zn by 12.2% and 15.0% (P < 0.001), Mn by 13.2% (P < 0.01) and 9.0% (P < 0.05), respectively, in comparison with their sulfate salts in a 100 % dose. Based on the results of the balance study, the use in the feeding of cows during lactation of chelates of trace elements in concentrations intermediate to different experimental groups was proposed, namely – below normal their input in the form of sulfate salts on 25% for copper, 50% – zinc, and 65% – for manganese (calculated on pure element).

Modelling of phase equilibria in the Hf-V system below room temperature

Phase transformation from orthorhombic HfV2 structure to cubic C15 Laves phase structure, which occurs during heating at about 114 K, is well known. In this contribution, a thermodynamic description of this phenomenon is provided supported by ab initio calculations. We utilize the third generation of thermodynamic database extending the Scientific Group Thermodata Europe (SGTE) unary data to zero Kelvin and demonstrate that it may be also applied to intermetallic phases. The data from a recent thermodynamic assessment of the Hf-V system (valid for temperatures above 298.15 K) were used and extended to zero Kelvin by the same method as it was used for unary data. Under the assumption of validity of harmonic approximation and electronic contribution to the heat capacity, the thermodynamics of C15 and orthorhombic phase were described. With the help of ab initio approach, we demonstrate that the HfV2 orthorhombic phase and C15 Laves phase are mechanically stable at 0 K and thanks to entropy stabilization they are in equilibrium with pure element phases in the temperature region of structural change.

Matrix effects in white-beam X-ray fluorescence holography

Recently, it has been shown that atomic structure determination with X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) can be hindered by matrix effects,i.e.beam attenuation and indirect excitation. The analysis was limited to the monochromatic regime. In this work, the description of matrix effects is extended to the polychromatic case. It is shown that matrix effects affect the element sensitivity of white-beam XFH by introducing distortions in the holographic signal which may lead to spurious maxima in the reconstructed image. For high energies of the X-ray beam it is found that the effect of beam attenuation is very weak and indirect excitation mainly contributes to the distortions. A correction for matrix effects is proposed in the high-energy range, which allows one to remove the distortions and retrieve pure element-sensitive information. Numerical model calculations are performed to visualize the reduction of element sensitivity and its implications on local structure imaging.

Study on Microstructure and Phase Composition of Co-8.8Al-9.8W Superalloy with Alloying Element Tantalum

In order to study the effect of tantalum to the microstructure and phase composition of Co-8.8Al-9.8W-XTa (X=0,2,at%) superalloy. The Co-8.8Al-9.8W-XTa (X=0,2) supperalloy used pure element powder, according to the ratio of different atomic percentage composition to make ingredients. It is mixed by planetary ball mill, pressed into blocks after the melting shape. Vacuum induction melting process was prepared by melting, after grinding, polishing, and after a volume of 5% perchloric acid and 95% of the electrolytic etching solution prepared in ethanol corrosion observed after analysis of the microstructure and phase composition by OM and XRD analysis. It can be found that the 9.8W and 2Ta alloy were mainly composed of rich γ-Co matrix of austenite precipitation of γ phase and coherent with matrix of the L12 structure of γ′-Co3(Al,W) phase. In addition, Ta element has effect on grain refinement and the number of γ′-Co3(Al,W) phase refines grain.