scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Anti-Virulence Activity of Biactive Fractions from Mucus Secretion of Giant African Snail Achatina fulica against Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Libardo Suárez ◽  
Andrés Pereira ◽  
William Hidalgo ◽  
Nelson Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Staphylococcus aureus is an important etiological agent that causes skin infections, and has the propensity to form biofilms, leading to significant mortality and morbidity in patients with wounds. Mucus secretion from the Giant African snail Achatina fulica is a potential source of biologically active substances that might be an important source for new drugs to treat resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria such as S. aureus. This study evaluated the effect of semi-purified fractions from the mucus secretion of A. fulica on the growth, biofilm formation and virulence factors of S. aureus. Two fractions: FMA30 (Mw >30 kDa) and FME30 (Mw 30−10 kDa) exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a MIC50 of 25 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. An inhibition of biofilm formation higher than 80% was observed at 9 µg/mL with FMA30 and 120 µg/mL with FME30. Furthermore, inhibition of hemolytic and protease activity was determined using a concentration of MIC20, and FME30 showed a strong inhibitory effect in the formation of clots. We report for the first time the effect of semi-purified fractions of mucus secretion of A. fulica on biofilm formation and activity of virulence factors such as α-hemolysin, coagulase and proteases produced by S. aureus strains.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of a natural phenolic compound, 3-p-trans-coumaroyl-2-hydroxyquinic acid against the attachment phase of biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus through targeting sortase A

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (56) ◽  
pp. 32453-32461
Author(s):  
Yan-Ping Wu ◽  
Xiao-Yan Liu ◽  
Jin-Rong Bai ◽  
Hong-Chen Xie ◽  
Si-Liang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sortase A ◽  
Initial Attachment ◽  
Biofilm Development

3-p-trans-Coumaroyl-2-hydroxyquinic acid (CHQA), a natural phenolic compound, prevented Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation due to the inhibition of the initial attachment stage of biofilm development by targeting sortase A.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Strain-Dependent and Differentially Influenced by Antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Boudet ◽  
Pauline Sorlin ◽  
Cassandra Pouget ◽  
Raphaël Chiron ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lavigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Colonization ◽  
Strain Dependent

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease with lung abnormalities making patients particularly predisposed to pulmonary infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently identified pathogen, and multidrug-resistant strains (MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus) have been associated with more severe lung dysfunction leading to eradication recommendations. Diverse bacterial traits and adaptive skills, including biofilm formation, may, however, make antimicrobial therapy challenging. In this context, we compared the ability of a collection of genotyped MRSA isolates from CF patients to form biofilm with and without antibiotics (ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, linezolid, trimethoprim, and rifampicin). Our study used standardized approaches not previously applied to CF MRSA, the BioFilm Ring test® (BRT®), the Antibiofilmogram®, and the BioFlux™ 200 system which were adapted for use with the artificial sputum medium (ASM) mimicking conditions more relevant to the CF lung. We included 63 strains of 10 multilocus sequence types (STs) isolated from 35 CF patients, 16 of whom had chronic colonization. The BRT® showed that 27% of the strains isolated in 37% of the patients were strong biofilm producers. The Antibiofilmogram® performed on these strains showed that broad-spectrum cephalosporins had the lowest minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (bMIC) on a majority of strains. A focus on four chronically colonized patients with inclusion of successively isolated strains showed that ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and/or linezolid bMICs may remain below the resistance thresholds over time. Studying the dynamics of biofilm formation by strains isolated 3years apart in one of these patients using BioFlux™ 200 showed that inhibition of biofilm formation was observed for up to 36h of exposure to bMIC and ceftaroline and ceftobiprole had a significantly greater effect than linezolid. This study has brought new insights into the behavior of CF MRSA which has been little studied for its ability to form biofilm. Biofilm formation is a common characteristic of prevalent MRSA clones in CF. Early biofilm formation was strain-dependent, even within a sample, and not only observed during chronic colonization. Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole showed a remarkable activity with a long-lasting inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and a conserved activity on certain strains adapted to the CF lung environment after years of colonization.

scholarly journals Study on the extraction and antibacterial activity of Monascin

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02061
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoshi Lu ◽  
Zifeng Wang ◽  
Guangpeng Liu ◽  
Xinjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Taking monascin as the research object, monascin was extracted from red kojic rice by ethanol extraction and extracted with 60%, 70% and 80% ethanol respectively. Finally, it was concluded that when the concentration of ethanol was 70%, the extraction rate of monascin was the highest, reached 75.68%. The bacteriostatic experiments of monascin extract and monascin fermentation showed that it had strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, weak inhibitory ability on Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, and no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Characterization of Putative Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain RBS Isolated from a Saltern, Tunisia: Effect of Metal Ion Cofactors on the Structure and the Activity of LasB

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E. Rigane ◽  
R. Dutoit ◽  
S. Matthijs ◽  
N. Brandt ◽  
S. Flahaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Enzyme Stability ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ion Binding ◽  
Metal Ion Binding

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium able to survive in diverse environments such as soil, plants, freshwater, and seawater. P. aeruginosa can be an opportunistic pathogen to humans when their immune system is deficient. Its pathogenicity may be linked to the production of virulence factors. We isolated P. aeruginosa strain RBS from the saltern of Sfax in Tunisia. In this study, we characterized the halotolerance, antibiotic susceptibility, and some virulence factors of strain RBS. High NaCl concentrations inhibited growth and motility. However, biofilm formation was enhanced to protect bacteria against salt stress. Among the 18 antibiotics tested, quinolones and tetracycline showed a significant inhibitory effect on growth, motility, and biofilm formation of strain RBS. β-Lactams, however, did not have any inhibitory effect on neither bacterial growth nor motility. In some cases, resistance was due, in part, to biofilm formation. We also showed that RBS produces two proteases, LasB and AprA, which have been shown to be implicated in host infection. LasB was further characterized to study the role of metal ions in enzyme stability. It possesses two distinct metal ion-binding sites coordinating a calcium and a zinc ion. The effect of metal ion chelation was evaluated as well as substitutions of residues involved in metal ion binding. Impairing metal ion binding of LasB led to a loss of activity and a sharp decrease of stability. Our findings suggest that the binding of both metal ions is interdependent as the two metal ions’ binding sites are linked via a hydrogen bond network.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of essential oil in Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Peng ◽  
Yunhao Xiong ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Manman Han ◽  
Weilan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Major Chemical

AbstractThe essential oil of Mosla chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru is known for its antibacterial ability. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Jiangxiangru essential oil and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of Jiangxiangru essential oil. Subsequently, the eight major chemical components were quantitatively analyzed using GC– MS, and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against S. aureus were tested. Biofilm formation was detected by crystal violet semi-quantitative method and silver staining. Of the 59 peaks detected, 29 were identified by GC–MS. Of these peaks, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol acetate, α-caryophyllene, 3-carene, and carvacryl acetate were present at a relatively higher concentration. The results of the quantitative test showed that thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were the major components of the essential oil. Among the eight reference substances, only thymol, carvacrol, and thymol acetate had lower MICs compared with the essential oil. Essential oil, carvacrol, carvacryl acetate, α-caryophyllene, and 3-carene showed the better inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation. When one fourth of the MIC concentrations were used for these substances (0.0625 mg/mL for essential oil, 0.0305 mg/mL for carvacrol, 1.458 mg/mL for carvacryl acetate, 0.1268 mg/mL for α-caryophyllene, and 2.5975 mg/mL for 3-carene), the inhibition rates were over 80%. However, thymol, γ-terpinene, thymol acetate, and p-cymene showed a relatively poor inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation. When 1× MIC concentrations of these substances were used, the inhibition rates were less than 50%. In conclusion, Jiangxiangru essential oil and its major components, carvacrol, carvacryl acetate, α-caryophyllene, and 3-carene, strongly inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus.

scholarly journals The role of the msaABCR operon in implant-associated chronic osteomyelitis in Staphylococcus aureus USA300 LAC

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan S. Sahukhal ◽  
Michelle Tucci ◽  
Hamed Benghuzzi ◽  
Gerri Wilson ◽  
Mohamed O. Elasri
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Bone Necrosis ◽  
K Wires

Abstract Background The msaABCR operon regulates several staphylococcal phenotypes such as biofilm formation, capsule production, protease production, pigmentation, antibiotic resistance, and persister cells formation. The msaABCR operon is required for maintaining the cell wall integrity via affecting peptidoglycan cross-linking. The msaABCR operon also plays a role in oxidative stress defense mechanism, which is required to facilitate persistent and recurrent staphylococcal infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of chronic implant-associated osteomyelitis (OM). The CA-MRSA USA300 strains are predominant in the United States and cause severe infections, including bone and joint infections. Results The USA300 LAC strain caused significant bone damage, as evidenced by the presence of severe bone necrosis with multiple foci of sequestra and large numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts. Intraosseous survival and biofilm formation on the K-wires by USA300 LAC strains was pronounced. However, the msaABCR deletion mutant was attenuated. We observed minimal bone necrosis, with no evidence of intramedullary abscess and/or fibrosis, along reduced intraosseous bacterial population and significantly less biofilm formation on the K-wires by the msaABCR mutant. microCT analysis of infected bone showed significant bone loss and damage in the USA300 LAC and complemented strain, whereas the msaABCR mutant’s effect was reduced. In addition, we observed increased osteoblasts response and new bone formation around the K-wires in the bone infected by the msaABCR mutant. Whole-cell proteomics analysis of msaABCR mutant cells showed significant downregulation of proteins, cell adhesion factors, and virulence factors that interact with osteoblasts and are associated with chronic OM caused by S. aureus. Conclusion This study showed that deletion of msaABCR operon in USA300 LAC strain lead to defective biofilm in K-wire implants, decreased intraosseous survival, and reduced cortical bone destruction. Thus, msaABCR plays a role in implant-associated chronic osteomyelitis by regulating extracellular proteases, cell adhesions factors and virulence factors. However additional studies are required to further define the contribution of msaABCR-regulated molecules in osteomyelitis pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm effects of N,O-acetals derived from 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone are associated with downregulation of important global virulence regulators in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silva Novais ◽  
Mariana Fernandes Carvalho ◽  
Mariana Severo Ramundo ◽  
Cristiana Ossaille Beltrame ◽  
Reinaldo Barros Geraldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Great Demand

AbstractDespite the existing antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge. Consequently, the development of new drugs remains in great demand. Quinones is part of a broad group of molecules that present antibacterial activity besides other biological properties. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activities of synthetic N,O-acetals derived from 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone [7a: 2-(methoxymethyl)-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone; 7b: 2-(ethoxymethyl)-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone; and 7c: 2-(propynyloxymethyl)-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone] against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The derivatives 7b and 7c, specially 7b, caused strong impact on biofilm accumulation. This inhibition was linked to decreased expression of the genes fnbA, spa, hla and psmα3. More importantly, this downregulation was paralleled by the modulation of global virulence regulators. The substitution of 2-ethoxymethyl (7b) in comparison with 2-propynyloxymethyl (7c) enhanced sarA-agr inhibition, decreased fnbA transcripts (positively regulated by sarA) and strongly impaired biofilm accumulation. Indeed, 7b triggered intensive autolysis and was able to eliminate vancomycin-persistent cells. Consequently, 7b is a promising molecule displaying not only antimicrobial effects, but also antibiofilm and antipersistence activities. Therefore, 7b is a good candidate for further studies involving the development of novel and more rational antimicrobials able to act in chronic and recalcitrant infections, associated with biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Rutin, a Natural Inhibitor of IGPD Protein, Inhibits the Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus xylosus ATCC700404

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
God’spower Bello-Onaghise ◽  
Xing Xiaoxu ◽  
Zhou Yonghui ◽  
Qu Qianwei ◽  
Cui Wenqiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Xylosus ◽  
Key Enzyme

ABSTRACTThe biofilm of bacteria plays an important role in antibiotic resistance and chronic infection. Thus, in order to solve the problem of resistant bacteria, it is very important to find new drugs that can inhibit the formation of biofilms. In recent years, researchers have shifted their attention to natural products. As a flavonoid, rutin has been reported to have a variety of biological activities, interestingly, in this study, the inhibitory effect of rutin on the biofilm of Staphylococcus xylosus was investigated. We confirmed that rutin could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of S. xylosus, then, for the sake of discussion on how it interferes with the biofilm formation, the interaction between rutin and imidazolyl phosphate dehydratase (IGPD) which has been identified as the key enzyme that plays a vital role in the process of biofilm formation was analyzed by molecular docking, the results showed that rutin had a strong affinity with IGPD, it occupied the hydrophobic cavity of the active center forming four hydrogen bonds and many other interactions. In addition, we proved that rutin was able to combine with IGPD using SPR technique. Therefore, we determined the enzyme activity and histidine content of IGPD, the result indicated that rutin could simultaneously inhibit the activity of IGPD and abrogate the synthesis of histidine. Interestingly, the hisB gene encoding for IGPD and IGPD in S. xylosus were also significantly inhibited when the bacterial culture was treated with rutin. Taken together, the results have provided evidence that rutin is a natural drug that has the ability to interfere with the formation of biofilm in S. xylosus. It is therefore a potential enzyme inhibitor of IGPD.Author’s SummaryStaphylococcus xylosus has been isolated from a variety of infections, and the biofilm formed by S. xylosus can help the bacteria evade the immune system of the host and cause chronic infections. Here, we dealt with this menace by establishing a highly effective drug with the ability to interfere with the process involved in the formation of biofilm in S. xylosus. IGPD has been reported to be directly involved in the formation of biofilm in Staphylococcus xylosus and it is known to be present in a variety of microorganisms. Based on this study, we developed a drug therapy targeting IGPD and at the same time interfere with the formation of biofilm in S. xylosus

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoconjugated Glycopeptide Antibiotics and Their Effect on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Berini ◽  
Viviana Teresa Orlandi ◽  
Federica Gamberoni ◽  
Eleonora Martegani ◽  
Ilaria Armenia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
External Magnet ◽  
Commensal Microbiota

In the era of antimicrobial resistance, the use of nanoconjugated antibiotics is regarded as a promising approach for preventing and fighting infections caused by resistant bacteria, including those exacerbated by the formation of difficult-to-treat bacterial biofilms. Thanks to their biocompatibility and magnetic properties, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are particularly attractive as antibiotic carriers for the targeting therapy. IONPs can direct conjugated antibiotics to infection sites by the use of an external magnet, facilitating tissue penetration and disturbing biofilm formation. As a consequence of antibiotic localization, a decrease in its administration dosage might be possible, reducing the side effects to non-targeted organs and the risk of antibiotic resistance spread in the commensal microbiota. Here, we prepared nanoformulations of the ‘last-resort’ glycopeptides teicoplanin and vancomycin by conjugating them to IONPs via surface functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). These superparamagnetic NP-TEICO and NP-VANCO were chemically stable and NP-TEICO (better than NP-VANCO) conserved the typical spectrum of antimicrobial activity of glycopeptide antibiotics, being effective against a panel of staphylococci and enterococci, including clinical isolates and resistant strains. By a combination of different methodological approaches, we proved that NP-TEICO and, although to a lesser extent, NP-VANCO were effective in reducing biofilm formation by three methicillin-sensitive or resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Moreover, when attracted and concentrated by the action of an external magnet, NP-TEICO exerted a localized inhibitory effect on S. aureus biofilm formation at low antibiotic concentration. Finally, we proved that the conjugation of glycopeptide antibiotics to IONPs reduced their intrinsic cytotoxicity toward a human cell line.

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