scholarly journals Perceived racial discrimination and eating habits: Systematic review and conceptual models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylana Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos Fanton ◽  
Ricardo Sune Novossat ◽  
Raquel Canuto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Perceived Racial Discrimination

Context: there is no systematic organization of the available evidence about the relationship between racial discrimination and eating habits. Also, there is no consensus about its causal mechanism. Objectives: a systematic review was conducted to synthesize evidence on the association between perceived racial discrimination and eating habits (eating behavior and food consumption). A conceptual model was developed to depict the most common mechanisms used to explain this association. Data Sources: articles and dissertations were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases from inception to January 2021. Data Analysis: 19 studies were included. The assessment of methodological quality was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. On average, the studies showed a methodological quality of 66%. Forty-six associations were evaluated. There were 38 associations between perceived racial discrimination and negative eating habits, 29 concerning eating behavior, and 17 regarding food consumption. Conclusions: perceived racial discrimination negatively affects eating habits. A broader conceptual framework based on ecosocial theory is suggested to guide future research that would include different racial discrimination dimensions, such as internalized and structural.

scholarly journals Changes in the Food-Related Behaviour of Italian Consumers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Pilot Survey

The principal aim of this study is to explore the effects of the first lockdown of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on changes in food consumption and food-related behaviour on a diverse sample of Italian consumers aged ≥18 years. To achieve this aim, the research path starts with an investigation of some of the first few studies conducted on Italian consumers. It then reports the findings of a pilot survey carried out on a small sample of Italian consumes who live in Molise. The studies chosen for investigation were published as articles or research reports. In total, six relevant studies were chosen, each involving a different sized sample of Italian consumers. The average number of respondents is 2142, with a standard deviation of 1260.56. A distinction is made between the results of the articles, the research reports, and the pilot survey. The latter was conducted to develop and validate the components of a new questionnaire and, furthermore, to assess changes in the eating habits of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that the effects of the pandemic on consumer behaviour can, above all, be grouped into changes related to shopping for food, eating habits, and food-related behaviour. This article can serve as the basis for future research in this area as it identifies and highlights key changes, in addition to comparing the earliest evidence available, using a critical approach.

scholarly journals Association between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders including dementias; a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L G Gagatsis ◽  
E F Ford ◽  
S B Bremner ◽  
P P Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Current Context

Abstract Background Several studies have examined associations between neurodegenerative disorders (ND) including dementia, and cancer. However, the associations and directions of these relationships vary by types of ND and cancer. In the current context of ageing populations and increased incidence of ND, dementia and cancer, and existing comorbidity between these disease groups, a better understanding of these relationships could, in future, inform prevention and therapeutics. This systematic review summarises the epidemiological evidence on these associations. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies published by 31/12/2018. The search strategy included a combination of search and MESH terms related to ND (e.g. Alzheimer’s, dementia), cancer and study design (case-control, cohort). The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Results 77 studies were eligible for inclusion. The majority of studies scored 6+ on the NOS scale and some reported significant associations between ND and cancer. The association with specific types of cancer was not as evident as with all cancers. An inverse relationship was found between NDs and particularly Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Dementia and Cancer. Only one study found no association between Vascular Dementia and Cancer. Conclusions The findings report an overall inverse association between NDs and all cancers but associations are less evident with specific cancer types. Results from this review can be helpful in recommending reporting standards for future research to reduce heterogeneity between studies. Key messages Exploring the intersection of neurodegenerative disorders/dementia and cancer might help redirect research to novel therapeutic approaches. A standardised approach in design and outcome measurement is necessary to reduce heterogeneity across the studies.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy: a COSMIN systematic review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Williams ◽  
Bronwyn Beovich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Jefferson Scale Of Empathy

Abstract Background Empathy is an important characteristic to possess for healthcare professionals. It has been found to improve communication between professionals and patients and to improve clinical health outcomes. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) was developed to measure this quality and has been used extensively, and psychometrically appraised, with a variety of cohorts and in different cultural environments. However, no study has been undertaken to systematically examine the methodological quality of studies which have assessed psychometric factors of the JSE. This systematic review will examine the quality of published papers that have reported on psychometric factors of the JSE. Methods A systematic review of studies which report on the psychometric properties of the JSE will be conducted. We will use a predefined search strategy to identify studies meeting the following eligibility criteria: original data is reported on for at least one of the psychometric measurement properties described in the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist, examines the JSE in a healthcare cohort (using the student, physician or health profession versions of the JSE), and is published from January 2001 and in the English language. Conference abstracts, editorials and grey literature will be excluded. Six electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo, PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL) will be systematically searched for articles meeting these criteria and studies will be assessed for eligibility by two review authors. The methodological quality of included papers will be examined using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Discussion A narrative description of the findings will be presented along with summary tables. Recommendations for use of the JSE with various cohorts and circumstances will be offered which may inform future research in this field. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018111412

scholarly journals P.110 Systematic review of civilian pediatric intracranial gunshot wounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (s1) ◽  
pp. S42
Author(s):  
T Duda ◽  
A Sharma ◽  
Y Ellenbogen ◽  
H Shakil ◽  
S Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Treatment Priorities

Background: Pediatric craniocerebral gunshot wounds occur in the context of both accidental and intentional trauma. Unique physiologic factors merited research into prognostic factors and treatment priorities in the pediatric population. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Registered Trials and Systematic Reviews, ISRCTN, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted. Selection criteria included all studies published in any language since 2000 which described intracranial isolated gunshot wounds in a civilian individual or population of pediatric age. Post-mortem and epidemiological studies were excluded. Screening was conducted through Covidence. Results: Initial database search revealed 349 unique studies for abstract and title screening. Fifty studies were selected for full text screening. Nine studies were included in the final review. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Case series noted bullet migration, pituitary deficiency, neurovascular and neuropsychological concerns. Three single-center retrospective studies of 71, 30, and 48 pediatric patients suggested multiple negative prognostic signs on initial presentation. Early aggressive surgical treatment was recommended by some authors. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the best current understanding of evidence for prognostic factors and treatment considerations of intracranial gunshot wounds in the pediatric neurotrauma context. Areas for future research with larger multi-center studies were highlighted.

Lean and Six Sigma in acute care: a systematic review of reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Deblois ◽  
Luigi Lepanto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Review Of Reviews

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of literature reviews, summarizing how Lean and Six Sigma management techniques have been implemented in acute care settings to date, and assessing their impact. To aid decision makers who wish to use these techniques by identifying the sectors of activity most often targeted, the main results of the interventions, as well as barriers and facilitators involved. To identify areas of future research. Design/methodology/approach – A literature search was conducted, using eight databases. The methodological quality of the selected reviews was appraised with AMSTAR. A narrative synthesis was performed according to the guidelines proposed by Popay et al. (2006). Data were reported according to PRISMA. Findings – The literature search identified 149 publications published from 1999 to January 2015. Seven literature reviews were included into the systematic review, upon appraisal. The overall quality of the evidence was poor to fair. The clinical settings most described were specialized health care services, including operating suites, intensive care units and emergency departments. The outcomes most often appraised related to processes and quality. The evidence suggests that Lean and Six Sigma are better adapted to settings where processes involve a linear sequence of events. Research limitations/implications – There is a need for more studies of high methodological quality to better understand the effects of these approaches as well as the factors of success and barriers to their implementation. Field studies comparing the effects of Lean and Six Sigma to those of other process redesign or quality improvement efforts would bring a significant contribution to the body of knowledge. Practical implications – Lean and Six Sigma can be considered valuable process optimization approaches in acute health care settings. The success of their implementation requires significant participation of clinical personnel from the frontline as well as clinical leaders and managers. More research is needed to better understand the factors of success and the barriers to their implementation, as well as their long-term impact. Originality/value – This is the first broad systematic review of reviews, synthesizing data pertaining to implementation issues and results in acute care settings, to be published. It will benefit health care managers assessing the potential of these approaches and the potential drawbacks associated with their implementation. Moreover, it identifies directions for future research.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Design and Implementation of Virtual Reality for Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Systematic Review

10.2196/26344 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. e26344
Author(s):  
Sophie Brassel ◽  
Emma Power ◽  
Andrew Campbell ◽  
Melissa Brunner ◽  
Leanne Togher
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

Background Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used for the assessment and treatment of impairments arising from acquired brain injuries (ABIs) due to perceived benefits over traditional methods. However, no tailored options exist for the design and implementation of VR for ABI rehabilitation and, more specifically, traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation. In addition, the evidence base lacks systematic reviews of immersive VR use for TBI rehabilitation. Recommendations for this population are important because of the many complex and diverse impairments that individuals can experience. Objective This study aims to conduct a two-part systematic review to identify and synthesize existing recommendations for designing and implementing therapeutic VR for ABI rehabilitation, including TBI, and to identify current evidence for using immersive VR for TBI assessment and treatment and to map the degree to which this literature includes recommendations for VR design and implementation. Methods This review was guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A comprehensive search of 11 databases and gray literature was conducted in August 2019 and repeated in June 2020. Studies were included if they met relevant search terms, were peer-reviewed, were written in English, and were published between 2009 and 2020. Studies were reviewed to determine the level of evidence and methodological quality. For the first part, qualitative data were synthesized and categorized via meta-synthesis. For the second part, findings were analyzed and synthesized descriptively owing to the heterogeneity of data extracted from the included studies. Results In the first part, a total of 14 papers met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations for VR design and implementation were not specific to TBI but rather to stroke or ABI rehabilitation more broadly. The synthesis and analysis of data resulted in three key phases and nine categories of recommendations for designing and implementing VR for ABI rehabilitation. In the second part, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2 studies reported on VR for assessment and three for treatment. Studies were varied in terms of therapeutic targets, VR tasks, and outcome measures. VR was used to assess or treat impairments in cognition, balance, and anxiety, with positive outcomes. However, the levels of evidence, methodological quality, and inclusion of recommendations for VR design and implementation were poor. Conclusions There is limited research on the use of immersive VR for TBI rehabilitation. Few studies have been conducted, and there is limited inclusion of recommendations for therapeutic VR design and implementation. Future research in ABI rehabilitation should consider a stepwise approach to VR development, from early co-design studies with end users to larger controlled trials. A list of recommendations is offered to provide guidance and a more consistent model to advance clinical research in this area.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab) in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: Systematic review and metanalysis.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15008-e15008
Author(s):  
Wania Cristina Silva ◽  
Ellias Magalhaes Abreu Lima ◽  
Vânia Eloísa Araújo ◽  
Jéssica Barreto Ribeiro Santos ◽  
Michael Ruberson Ribeiro Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Safety Outcome ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Ottawa Scale

e15008 Background: Biological agents have presented variable results in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. This study aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab associated or not to chemotherapy in this scenario. Methods: A systematic review and metanaysis was performed based on observational cohort studies published in the following databases: MEDLINE/ Pubmed, LILACS, COCHRANE Library and EMBASE, up to march 2016. The effectiveness outcomes assessed in this trial were overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), pos-progression survival (PPS), response rate based on RECIST criteria and metastasectomy rate. The safety outcome assessed was adverse events. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to perform the data metanalysis and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale evaluated the methodological quality of the observational trials included. Results: 16 trials were included in this metanalysis, 11 evaluating effectiveness and 8 assessing safety. Their methodological quality were considered moderate according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Basically, this study compared bevacizumab based therapies with no bevacizumab based therapies, once there was no enough data regarding cetuximab and panitumumab. Overall, the group treated with bevacizumab based therapies did better than those in the no bevacizumab group, with OS mean difference (MD) of 4,41 (95% CI 1.75 to 7.07; p = 0.001; I² = 86%) and PFS MD of 3.19 (95% CI 0.42 to 5.96; p = 0,02 I² = 96%). The PPS MD was also statistically significant (MD = 5.90; 95% CI 2.59 to 9.21; p = 0,0005; I² = 82%). When safety was the outcome concerned, the group treated with bevacizumab had more hypertension and gastrointestinal perforation. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding others side effects. Conclusions: This study showed a potential benefit in using bevacizumab as a part of the treatment of mCRC. Bevacizumab improved PFS, OS and PPS and these differences were statistically significant. However, the drug also increased treatment related toxicities.

Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Development: A Review and Multilevel Causal Mechanism Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Johnson ◽  
Stefan Schaltegger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Social Environmental

Entrepreneurship for sustainable development is a multilevel phenomenon connecting social, environmental and economic dimensions between entrepreneurial processes, market transformations, as well as large-scale societal developments. While previous articles on social, environmental, and sustainable entrepreneurship have advanced our understanding on processes of discovery, creation, and exploitation of sustainability-oriented opportunities, the links between contextual influences on venture development and transformational outcomes at multiple levels are only partially captured in extant frameworks. Drawing out causal mechanisms with a systematic review, this article proposes a multilevel framework for linking mechanisms in existing literature and proposing future research on entrepreneurship for sustainable development.

OP74 Stoma Cover Use By Fully Laryngectomized Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Simon Deblois ◽  
Sylvain L'Espérance ◽  
Martin Coulombe ◽  
Luigi Lepanto ◽  
Marc Rhainds
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Clinical Practice ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Heat And Moisture

IntroductionThe use of stoma covers has been a common clinical practice for laryngectomized patients for several years. In the province of Québec, Canada, laryngectomized patients can obtain stoma covers through a dedicated program providing them with medical supplies and voice re-education services. For many years, the program's supply has included cloth and/or foam covers, but the supply of Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME) has been limited. Two hospital-based HTA units joined their expertise to assess the opportunity of providing HMEs to more patients, depending on their clinical characteristics.MethodsTheir joined assessment rested on a systematic review (SR) and a field assessment. The systematic review aimed at assessing the efficacy, clinical effectiveness and safety of various types of stoma covers. The field inquiries intended to assess the perceptions of clinicians and managers towards stoma covers in clinical practice.ResultsWe included 27 studies in the SR. Most of them appraised the clinical effectiveness or safety of HME filters. Their methodological quality was very low with potential conflicts of interest whereas many studies were financed by the industry. The heterogeneity of study designs, expected outcomes and paucity of comparative studies prevented the pooling of results. Industry sponsorship appeared to be an important issue, since 17 of the included studies were sponsored. The SR did not provide conclusive evidence concerning the efficacy, clinical effectiveness and safety of the various types of stoma covers. The field inquiries intended to assess the perceptions of clinicians and managers towards stoma covers in clinical practice. It showed that industry representatives are quite active in clinical settings, promoting their products. Clinicians’ opinions and preferences were coherent with the systematic review main observations: in a context where the quality of the evidence is low, clinicians’ recommendations of stoma protectors for laryngectomies are mainly based on their professional experience and academic training.ConclusionsFuture research of high methodological quality would strengthen the evidence concerning the relative efficacy and safety of different stoma protectors. These studies would help define evidence-based allocation criteria and set parameters so that the choice of a stoma protector is best adapted to a laryngectomized patients’ condition.

scholarly journals Negative Affectivity and Emotion Dysregulation as Mediators between ADHD and Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3292
Author(s):  
Sarah El Archi ◽  
Samuele Cortese ◽  
Nicolas Ballon ◽  
Christian Réveillère ◽  
Arnaud De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with disordered eating, especially addictive-like eating behavior (i.e., binge eating, food addiction, loss of control overeating). The exact mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. ADHD and addictive-like eating behavior are both associated with negative affectivity and emotion dysregulation, which we hypothesized are mediators of this relationship. The purpose of this systematic review was to review the evidence related to this hypothesis from studies assessing the relationship between childhood or adulthood ADHD symptomatology, negative affectivity, emotion dysregulation and addictive-like eating behavior. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO (publication date: January 2015 to August 2020; date of search: 2 September 2020). Out of 403 potentially relevant articles, 41 were retained; 38 publications reported that ADHD and disordered eating or addictive-like eating behavior were significantly associated, including 8 articles that suggested a mediator role of negative affectivity or emotion dysregulation. Sixteen publications reported that the association between ADHD symptomatology and disordered eating or addictive-like eating behavior differed according to gender, eating behavior and ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention). We discuss the practical implications of these findings and directions future research.

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