The role of boundary conditions on the free surface of a liquid metal in an electrovortex flow

An electro-vortex flow between two hemispherical electrodes is considered. The influence of the type of boundary condition on the surface of a conducting liquid medium on the velocity field in the volume is studied numerically. The dependences of the velocity on the axis of the vessel on the radius of the small electrode and the parameter of the electric vortex flow are obtained for various types of boundary conditions on the surface.

Electromagnetic processes in an anisotropically electrically conducting liquid in a running magnetic field

Objective: Purpose is the study electromagnetic processes in an electrically conducting liquid (with anisotropic conductivity) flowing in the channel of an MHD-alternator under the acting of a running magnetic field. Methods: We used Maxwell's equations to describe the electromagnetic processes. Galerkin method is used to determine the current functions. Results: For the case of small values of the magnetic Reynolds number the equations for the induced field and currents in an electrical conducting liquid are given in the form of converging power series. It is shown that for a sufficiently accurate determination of the current functions it is necessary to take into account the first three terms of the series. The first two terms of the other series must be taken into account to determi-nate the solution for the induced field. It is revealed that the induced currents in an electrically conducting liquid consist of currents of zero, main and double frequencies. The currents of zero and double frequencies play a negative role since they lead to an increase in joule losses and the for-mation of forces. These forces do not make the useful work. To reduce them the side walls of the channel should be conductive. We established that the anisotropy of the electrical conductivity of the liquid causes a decrease the currents of the main frequency. Practical importance: The magnet-ic Reynolds number significantly affects the field distribution in a liquid metal. The field of the main frequency increases with its increase and the fields of zero and double frequency become smaller. At the small values of Reynolds number the Hall effect is stronger and the field distribution is less symmetrical. At large values the field distribution is symmetrized due to a decrease in the zero and doub¬le frequency fields.

STABILITY OF A VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE CONDUCTING LIQUID LAYER OF A CYLINDRICAL SHAPE IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS TEMPERATURE FIELD AND A MAGNETIC FIELD OF A VACUUM ARC CURRENT THROUGH IT

Convective mass transfer in a cylindrical viscous incompressible conductive fluid layer in an inhomogeneous temperature field and in the external magnetic field of the vacuum arc current through it is theoretically investigated in this work. For a horizontal layer of a viscous, incompressible, conducting liquid of a cylindrical shape, located in a temperature field inhomogeneous in height and in an external magnetic field of a vacuum arc current flowing through it, the original equations are written. These equations consist of linearized equations for small velocity perturbations, small deviations from the equilibrium values of temperature, pressure, and magnetic field strength. The considered boundary value problem is solved for the case of free boundaries. Comparison of the experimental data with theoretical calculations made it possible to determine the rotation velocity of the steel melt during vacuum arc melting.

EFFECT OF CHARGE MODULATION ON THE ELECTROCONVECTIVE FLOW OF A LOW CONDUCTING LIQUID

Nonlinear evolution of the electroconvective flow patterns is analysed in a horizontal low conductive fluid layer under heating from above and under modulated charge injection. To examine the complex evolution of the system, numerical simulations are carried out using a finite difference method. The influence of amplitude and frequency modulation on the oscillatory electroconvection is studied. Traveling waves with modulated amplitudes and phase velocities and synchronously modulated patterns are found as stable solutions.

Optimization Problem of a Linear Induction Generator with a Liquid Working Fluid

We present the problem of optimization of cylindrical linear induction generators. The stator winding is located on the inner and outer cores of the magnetic system. The working fluid is a well-conducting liquid moving at a constant speed along the length of the channel. Since the generator is one of the elements of a complex installation the problem of optimizing it should be coordinated with a similar problem for the installation as a whole. This is done with the help the parameters common to all installation elements. Such parameters are the speed and flow rate of the working fluid. We describe the calculation algorithm with the use of computer technology. The efficiency and specific gravity of the generator are accepted as optimality criteria. The calculation results for a generator with the power of 20 MW are presented.

Design of Novel Dual Function Membrane Microreactor for Liquid-Liquid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysed Reaction: Selective Synthesis of 1-Naphthyl Glycidyl Ether

An innovative dual function three-channel membrane microreactor was conceptualized and developed for conducting Liquid-Liquid-Liquid (L-L-L) phase transfer catalysed (PTC) reactions wherein it was possible to separate and reuse the catalyst...