Stress Rupture Life Prediction Method for Notched Specimens Based on Minimum Average Von Mises Equivalent Stress

Creep tests were carried out on notched plate specimens of nickel-based superalloy GH4169 with different stress concentration coefficients. It was found that the duration of the first stage of the creep curve increases with the increase of stress concentration coefficient, while the fracture ductility decreases with the increase of stress concentration coefficient. To predict the life of notched plate specimens, four constitutive models were used to analyze the stress and strain of the notches. It was found that the average Von Mises equivalent stress (AVES) on the minimum notch section first decreases and then increases with the creep time, resulting in a minimum value. The minimum average Von Mises equivalent stress (MAVES) is considered as the characteristic stress of notched specimens in this paper. The creep life equation is fitted according to the results of creep tests of smooth specimens, and then the predicted life of notched specimens is obtained by substituting the minimum average Von Mises equivalent stress of notched specimens into the creep equation. The prediction results of the four constitutive models are within 2 times the dispersion band, and the three-stage model is within the 1.5 times dispersion band.

Optimizing the Texturing Parameters of Concrete Pavement by Balancing Skid-Resistance Performance and Driving Stability

Curved texturing is an effective technique to improve the skid-resistance performance of concrete pavements, which relies on the suitable combination of the groove parameters. This study aims to optimize these parameters with the consideration of skid-resistance performance and driving stability. A pressure film was adopted to obtain the contact stress distribution at the tire–pavement interface. The evaluated indicator of the stress concentration coefficient was established, and the calculation method for the stationary steering resistance torque was optimized based on actual tire–pavement contact characteristics. Test samples with various groove parameters were prepared use self-design molds to evaluate the influence degree of each groove parameter at different levels on the skid-resistance performance through orthogonal and abrasion resistance tests. The results showed that the groove depth and groove spacing had the most significant influence on the stress concentration coefficient and stationary steering resistance torque, respectively, with the groove depth having the most significant influence on the texture depth. Moreover, the driving stability and durability of the skid-resistance performance could be balanced by optimizing the width of the groove group. After analyzing and comprehensively comparing the influences of various parameters, it was found the parameter combination with width, depth, spacing, and the groove group width, respectively, in 8 mm, 3 mm, 15 mm, and 50 mm can balance the skid-resistance performance and driving stability. The actual engineering results showed that the R2 of the fitting between the stress concentration coefficient and SFC (measured at 60 km/h) was 0.871, which proved the effectiveness of the evaluation index proposed in this paper.

Study on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Overlying Strata in the Deep Coal Mining Process

This study adopts the stress relief method to test the in situ stress in the field to obtain the in situ stress distribution characteristics of no. 2 + 3# coal seam. A three-dimensional model was established with the no. S3012 working face as the engineering background, and the measured in situ stress values were applied to the three-dimensional model, and the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of coal and rock mass around the stope during coal seam mining were studied. The specific conclusions are as follows: the three-dimensional stress distribution map in front of, behind, and on both sides of the working face in the process of coal mining are obtained. As the working face goes on, the maximum value of the supporting stress formed in front of, behind, and on both sides of the working face shifts to the corner, presenting a “hump-like” distribution. The stress concentration coefficient of front, back, and both sides of stope increases linearly with the increase of the mining size. Under the same mining size, the stress concentration coefficient in front of stope is the smallest, and the stress concentration coefficient on both sides is the largest. The three-dimensional displacement field distribution nephogram of overlying strata in the process of coal mining is obtained. With the continuous advance of the working face, the roof strata of coal seam undergo the continuous dynamic subsidence process, and the roof subsidence increases continuously, showing the shape of “bowl” with sharp bottom. In the process of working face mining, the roof displacement of coal seam showed an “O” shape evolution characteristic. The three-dimensional distribution cloud map of the plastic zone of coal and rock mass in the process of the working face mining was obtained, and the failure volume of the plastic zone gradually increases with the continuous progress of the working face.

Study on Reasonable Layout of Upper Protective Layer for Prevention Rock Burst under Coal Seam Group with Close Quarters Conditions

To study the reasonable layout of upper protective layer for the prevention rock burst under coal seam group with close quarters conditions, a panel 3203 that belong to Zhongxing Colliery is taken as a typical engineering background. By means of on-site survey, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site industrial applications, the reasonable layout of upper protective layer for prevention rock burst is studied. The results show that the overall stress environment of the floor under gob of upper protective layer is good, and the overall stress environment of the floor under the upper side of gob is also good, but the overall stress environment of the floor under the lower side of gob is bad. According to numerical simulation results, an L-shaped stress superposition area is formed in the lower end of panel 3203 under the original layout scheme conditions, and the maximum stress concentration coefficient is about 2.8 in stage I and 4.0 in stage II. A new stress superposition area is formed at the middle to lower end part of advance mining face of panel 3203 for the stage II under the optimal layout scheme conditions, and the maximum stress concentration coefficient is about 2.4; the original L-shaped stress superposition area is gone due the transfer and release of stress, and the optimal layout scheme has a very significant effect on the prevention and control of the subsequent rock burst accidents; the monitoring results of working resistance of hydraulic supports and surrounding rock deformation indicate that the overall pressure relief of the surrounding rock in advanced segment of 3205 tailgate can be effectively realized. The study conclusions provide theoretical foundation and a new guidance for preventing rock burst with similar engineering geological conditions.

The Role of the Reverse Fault on the Permeability Evolution in Mining Coal

To prevent and control the coal seam gas disaster affected by the reverse fault, we performed gas seepage tests, which consider stress-loading and unloading schemes, to investigate the stress change and coal permeability of the mining coal with reverse fault. The experimental results show that the mechanical behavior and permeability change of the mining coal are related to the distance between the coal and the reverse fault. The stress concentration coefficient of the coal body gradually increases. The closer is the distance between the coal and the reverse fault, the larger are the deviatoric stress peak and strain. In comparison with the coal sample M1 that is 5 m away from the reverse fault, the deviatoric stress peak and axial strain of the coal sample M3, 35 m away from the reverse fault, increase by 40.74% and 26.73%, respectively. In this stage, the permeability of M1, M2, and M3 coal samples increases by 22.1%, 28.0%, and 36.7%, respectively. In another stage, the stress concentration coefficient of coal increases to the peak and then decreases, causing the deviatoric stress peak and strain of coal to rise first and then fall. In comparison with the coal sample M4 that is 65 m away from the reverse fault, the deviatoric stress peak and axial strain of coal sample M6, 5 m away from the reverse fault, decrease by 29.48% and 5.55%, respectively. The permeability of coal samples M4, M5, and M6 increases by 23.6%, 37.2%, and 20.8%, respectively. Based on the gas seepage test results, we established the permeability model of mining-induced coal under the influence of a reverse fault, with consideration of the volume changes of coal fractures induced by adsorption and desorption. In the model, the variations of permeability in both stages of the prepeak and postpeak were deduced, which was verified with the experimental data. The verification results demonstrate that the proposed model has the capacity to predict the permeability evolution of mining coal under the influence of a reverse fault.

The Mechanical Analysis of Dynamic Disturbance and Static Stress under Different Mining Methods

In order to study the occurrence mechanism of rock-burst accidents under different mining methods, the overburden structural characteristics during long-wall face mining period were studied in detail, and the Elastic Foundation Beam theory was used to analyze the dynamic disturbance and static stress under different mining methods. The results show that, the deflection of the main roof and the composite beam can be calculate and then the energy of them contained; due to the difficult for gangues to support the fractured main roof, the scope of caved overburden is largest and the coal seam share the largest volume of the hanging overburden; the large cutting height mining have the max the concentration coefficient and the thin seam or the top slice mining have the min the concentration coefficient; the structural characteristics of near field key strata largely depend on caving height of the gob, and the deflection and the weighting interval of the main roof changes with variation of mining methods, and then their energy released. Above all, it can be conclude that mining method has large impact on dynamic disturbance induced by the main roof, and further analysis indicate that the structural characteristics of both far field and near field key strata under different mining methods lead to this difference; the mining depth, the proportion coefficient, the tensile strength of the main roof, the main roof’s thickness have large impact on the deflection of the beam and energy released by the main roof and the composite beam, and the elasticity modulus of the main roof, the blank space height in a voussior beam structure have little impact on the deflection and energy released.

Distribution and Variation of Mining-Induced Stress in the Reverse Fault-Affected Coal Body

This study aimed to explore the stress distribution and variation of reverse fault-affected mined coal body. A mechanical analysis model of the coal body in the reverse fault area was first established, then the coal body stress characterization equation was derived, and the stress distribution pattern on the coal body was calculated. Subsequently, applying the Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion revealed the following relationship: the closer is the distance to the reverse fault, the worse is the stability of the coal body, and that the coal body strength influences the stress concentration of the coal body in front of the working face. Moreover, simulation with FLAC3D was carried out to verify the coal body stress calculated by the mechanical model as well as the fluctuation of the coal body stress concentration. It could be concluded that while mining the hanging wall of the reverse fault, the stress concentration of mined coal body decreases with the increase of reverse fault dip angle, but increases with the increase of reverse fault throw; the stress concentration magnitude generated during footwall mining is lesser than that during hanging-wall mining. In other words, the magnitude of coal body stress concentration can be affected by the hanging wall and footwall mining, as well as parameters of the reverse fault. Finally, intrinsically safe GZY25 borehole stress sensors were used to monitor the coal body stresses in the reverse fault area under the influence of mining in Xinchun Coal Mine and ZuoQiuka Coal Mine. It was found that the coal body stress concentration in front of the working face either increased gradually or increased first before decreasing. It can be concluded that with the decrease of the distance between the working face and reverse fault, the vertical stress of the coal body increases, and the vertical stress of the coal body begins to increase obviously at a certain position. At this point, the vertical stress of the coal body can be generalized to 1.02–1.39 times of the initial vertical stress. Furthermore, the stress concentration coefficient of coal body is related to the distance from the reverse fault, and two changes occur: ① if the coal-bearing capacity does not exceed its strength, the coal stress in front of the working face increases gradually, and the stress concentration factor increases gradually; ② the stress concentration coefficient of mining coal body increases first, such that when the coal body bearing capacity exceeds its strength, the coal body fails and loses all its effective bearing capacity, followed by the decrease in coal body stress concentration coefficient.

Study on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Overlying Strata in Deep Coal Mining Process

This paper adopts the stress relief method to test the in-situ stress in the field to obtain the in-situ stress distribution characteristics of No. 2+3# coal seam. A three-dimensional model was established with the No. S3012 working face as the engineering background, and the measured in-situ stress values ​​were applied to the three-dimensional model, and the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of coal and rock mass around the stope during coal seam mining were studied. The specific conclusions are as follows: the three-dimensional stress distribution map in front of, behind and on both sides of the working face in the process of coal mining are obtained. As the working face goes on, the maximum value of the supporting stress formed in front of, behind and on both sides of the working face shifts to the corner, presenting a “hump-like” distribution. The stress concentration coefficient of front, back and both sides of stope increases linearly with the increase of mining size. Under the same mining size, the stress concentration coefficient in front of stope is the smallest, and the stress concentration coefficient on both sides is the largest. The three-dimensional displacement field distribution nephogram of overlying strata in the process of coal mining is obtained. With the continuous advance of the working face, the roof strata of coal seam undergo continuous dynamic subsidence process, and the roof subsidence increases continuously, showing the shape of "bowl" with sharp bottom. In the process of working face mining, the roof displacement of coal seam showed an "O" shape evolution characteristic. The three-dimensional distribution cloud map of the plastic zone of coal and rock mass in the process of working face mining was obtained, and the failure volume of the plastic zone gradually increases with the continuous progress of the working face.

Mining-Induced Redistribution of the Abnormal Stress under the Close Bearing Coal Pillar for Entry Design

Underground space is vulnerable to large deformation influenced by the abnormal stress induced by the bearing coal pillar. A numerical simulation model was established to determine the redistribution of the abnormal stress induced by the mining activities. The double-yield model, the strain softening model, the interface model, and the Mohr–Coulomb model were determined to simulate the gob compaction effect, the pillar strength reduction effect, the structure plane discontinuity effect, and the rock mechanical behavior, respectively. This numerical simulation model is reliable to predict the abnormal stress under the bearing coal pillar by the comparison of the abutment stress from this model and the existing theoretical model as well as the entry roof surface displacement from this model and the field measuring method. The results from the validated numerical model indicate that the abnormal stress including stress concentration coefficient, stress gradient, and lateral pressure coefficient will redistribute to another state that the stress concentration coefficient and stress gradient increase gradually and then decrease, and the lateral pressure coefficient decreases gradually, then increases, and finally decreases sharply with the approach of the mining working face. Their maximum increasing rates are calculated as 121.05%, 198.56%, and 236.82%, respectively. This predicted mining-induced redistribution of the abnormal stress is available for designing the underground entry layout in the determination of the entry position, determination of the driving operation time, mining disturbing range warning, and the prediction of the strengthening support area.