scholarly journals Rekonstrukcja historii Tristana i Izoldy w „Maladie” Andrzeja Sapkowskiego w kontekście postmodernistycznych tendencji literatury fantasy

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lubawa
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Fantastic Literature ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
And Function

The second half of the twentieth century was the time of the most dynamic development of fantasy, which places this genre in the space of postmodern poetic. One of the first Polish authors utilizing this type fictional setting was Andrzej Sapkowski. His short story, Maladie, should be treated as a manifesto of the form and function of this kind of fantastic literature. This paper aims to follow the structure of the story in relation to the intertextuality category, including the retelling strategy, but also distinguishes features of postmodern texts: being a scriptible and above that world-building, literary character of the text and metatextuality. By following the relation between Sapkowski’s short story and Joseph Bédier’s novel, it is possible to illustrate the standpoint of the Polish author regarding the essence of fantasy and bring closer narrative tools used in his prose. 

Introduction—Minoan Built Environment: Past Studies, Recent Perspectives, and Future Challenges

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Letesson ◽  
Carl Knappett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intensive Work

Architecture and urbanism have been of constant interest to Minoan archaeologists since the beginning of the twentieth century. While there is some scholarly bias to this, with the field deeply affected by Sir Arthur Evans’s focus on the monumental architecture of Knossos, Minoan Crete continues to yield abundant evidence for a substantial built environment. Focusing on urban and architectural remains creates a strong bias in favour of one block of time, the Neopalatial period, which produced the largest amount of wellpreserved settlements and buildings. Yet, in general, the evidence we now have on the Minoan built environment is an undeniable resource, one that continues to grow thanks to ongoing studies of pre-existing remains as well as new excavation and survey projects. As is clear in Evans’s magnum opus, The Palace of Minos at Knossos, the large-scale excavations typical of the dawn of the last century were heavily directed towards the urban cores of the largest Minoan sites (e.g. Boyd Hawes et al. 1908; Hutchinson 1950). The bulk of what we know about the Minoan built environment comes from the first half of the twentieth century, initially through the intensive work of the foreign schools at Malia, Phaistos, Palaikastro, Gournia, Mochlos, and Pseira, later joined by countless excavations by Greek archaeologists. Yet, synthetic treatments really only began with the work of James Walter Graham, in the form of numerous papers published in the American Journal of Archaeology (see Letesson 2009 for a detailed review), and especially his Palaces of Crete (Graham 1962). Nonetheless, his comparative analyses, which also dealt with non-palatial buildings, were largely focused on polite architecture. With a particular interest in form and function, he built on Evans’s insights to be the first to identify, across a large sample of buildings, recurring architectural patterns in the Minoan built environment (e.g. Piano Nobile, residential quarters, banquet halls). His studies also included an innovative quantitative component, emphasizing the existence of a unit of length that builders would have used to lay out the palaces and some of the so-called ‘villas’.

Molecular Paleontology and Biochemical Evolution

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Gaines ◽  
Geoffrey Eglinton ◽  
Jürgen Rullkötter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Molecular Paleontology

Carl Woese’s drive for a unified system of biological classification didn’t just open the microbial world to exploration: it reshuffled the entire taxonomic system and revolutionized the way that biologists study evolution, reigniting interest in preanimal evolution. Studies of evolution from the mid-nineteenth through most of the twentieth century relied on the comparison of forms in living and fossil organisms and were limited to the complex multicellular organisms that developed over the past 550 million years. In other words, much was known about the evolution of animals and land plants that left distinctive hard fossils, and very little was known about the unicellular algae and microorganisms that occupied the seas for most of the earth’s history. Woese’s Tree of Life, derived from nucleic acid sequences in ribosomal RNA, has revealed ancestral relationships that form and function don’t even hint at, allowing biologists to look beyond the rise of multicellular life and link it with less differentiated, more primal forms—which was precisely Woese’s intention. But evolution is a history, not just a family tree of relationships. If the information stored in the genes of extant organisms is to provide true insight into that history, it needs to be anchored in time, linked to extinct organisms and to past environments. Ultimately, we must look to the record in the rocks and sediments, just as paleontologists and biologists have been doing for the past two centuries. In Darwin’s time, that record comprised rocks from the past 550 million years, a span of time that geologists now call the Phanerozoic eon, based on Greek words meaning visible or evident life. The eon began with the rocks of the Cambrian period, in which nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century paleontologists discovered a fabulous assortment of fossils—traces of trilobites, anemones, shrimp, and other multicellular animals that were completely missing from any of the earlier strata. Thousands of new animals and plants, including representatives of almost all contemporary groups, as well as hundreds of now-extinct ones, appeared so suddenly between 542 and 530 million years ago that paleontologists refer to the phenomenon as the Cambrian “explosion.”

scholarly journals INTERAKSI SOSIAL PADA KUMPULAN CERPEN POTONGAN CERITA DI KARTU POS KARANGAN AGUS NOOR DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Rahmah Purwahida
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
And Function

This research aims to describe the form and function of social interaction in six short stories called Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos by Agus Noor. The qualitative descriptive method is used by using content analysis technique. The results show that: (1) the social interactions in short stories are associative social and dissociative social interactions, the dissociative social interaction is dominant in social interaction; and (2) the embodiment of this social interaction serves as the presence of social life in the society in short story as one of fictions form. Keywords: form, function, social interaction, Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud dan fungsi interaksi sosial dalam keenam cerpen pada kumpulan cerpen Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos karangan Agus Noor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) wujud interaksi sosial dalam cerpen-cerpen pada kumpulan cerpen ini berupa interaksi sosial asosiatif dan disosiatif, interaksi sosial yang dominan yaitu interaksi sosial disosiatif; dan (2) perwujudan interaksi sosial ini berfungsi sebagai penghadiran kehidupan sosial di masyarakat dalam cerpen sebagai salah satu bentuk fiksi. Kata kunci: wujud, fungsi, interaksi sosial, Potongan Cerita di Kartu Pos

Prestructuralism

Narratology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Genevieve Liveley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Function

This chapter demonstrates that prestructuralist ideas about the form and function of key narratological phenomena such as plot, action, and character, mimesis and diegesis, showing and telling, not only make a significant contribution to the early twentieth-century (re)naissance of narrative theory in Europe and the US but also play a decisive role in the modern reception of ancient narrative theory. It argues that although James and Lubbock evince only broad Aristotelian affinities, their precepts help to establish an environment in which Aristotelian and Platonic (Socratic) theories find a ready and receptive audience. In similar ways, Forster, Friedman, and Stanzel open up a channel of communication between the ancient and modern worlds of narratology. What is more, their allusions to and appropriations of the classics help to shed new light on to some of the more controversial and complex aspects of both the Republic and Poetics.

Form and Function in Italian Renaissance Popular Books

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Grendler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Page Layout ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Size Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Form and Function are Closely connected in books. The physical appearance of books indicates purpose and intended readership. A combination of size, type, and page layout offers visible signals informing the reader of the content before he begins to read a book. Books that look different are different. They have different subject matters, purposes, and readerships.Anyone browsing in a bookstore in the late twentieth century knows this. Today an illustration on the cover provides the most obvious clue concerning the subject matter and purpose of a book. When the cover shows a handsome man with a scowl on his face and a gun in his hand along with a beautiful young woman in distress—and possibly some degree of undress—we know that the book is a “thriller.” When the cover shows a spaceship, we know that the book is science fiction.

scholarly journals La Planta de Equivalencias. Mat-rooming.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Colmenares
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

<p>Attention to the mechanisms by which certain architectural configurations are able to adapt to change defines a field of interest that has only been growing since the mid-twentieth century, after overcoming the exclusive dilemma between form and function. However, the influence of strategies based on the principle of free plan is still much greater than that of other proposals that are not based on the independence between supporting structure and distributive organization. The aim of this work is the definition of a genealogy for the idea of the plan of equivalents that is proposed as an alternative model of functional indifference, establishing a connection between the logics of pre-bourgeois domestic architecture and the most recent examples of programmatic experimentation in housing. The re-interpretation of some iteration techniques of elements developed in the 60s by the most critical generation with canonical modernity, together with the analysis of their associated operative vocabulary, will allow an outline to an approach of the inhabiting patterns based on the systematic proliferation of the room as a generic piece.</p>

Teaching Stylistics: Analysing Cohesion and Narrative Structure in a Short Story by Ernest Hemingway

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
University Department ◽  
And Function

The main aim of this article is to propose an exercise in stylistic analysis which can be employed in the teaching of English language. It details the design and results of a workshop activity on narrative carried out with undergraduates in a university department of English. The methods proposed are intended to enable students to obtain insights into aspects of cohesion and narrative structure; insights, it is suggested, which are not as readily obtainable through more traditional techniques of stylistic analysis. The text chosen for analysis is a short story by Ernest Hemingway comprising only 11 sentences. A jumbled version of this story is presented to students who are asked to assemble a cohesive and well-formed version of the story. Their (re)constructions are then compared with the original Hemingway version. Much interest, it is argued, lies in the ways in which the students justify their own versions in terms of their expectations about well-formedness in narrative. The activity is also intended to encourage students to see literary texts as a valuable means of providing insights into the subtleties of linguistic form and function.

Three Worlds of Race, Labor, and Politics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cybelle Fox
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Social Welfare System ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
And Function

This chapter describes in detail the three worlds, focusing on the factors—labor, race, and politics—that will best explain the differential incorporation of blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants into the American welfare state and the scope, form, and function of relief provision across regions. On the eve of the Great Depression, the vast majority of European immigrants lived in the Northeast and Midwest, Mexicans lived overwhelmingly in the Southwest, while most blacks still lived in the South. So different were their experiences with the racial, political, and labor market systems in these regions that these groups could be said to be living in separate worlds. Each of them suffered from significant discrimination at the hands of native-born whites in the early part of the twentieth century. European immigrants were largely included in the social welfare system, blacks were largely excluded, while Mexicans were often expelled from the nation simply for requesting assistance.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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