Profitability of various cropping patterns among arable crop farmers in Niger State, Nigeria

Descriptive Statistics and Net Farm Income model was used to analyze data collected from 120 Arable Farmers who adopted various cropping patterns in Niger State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the socio-economic characteristics of arable farmers, profile the cropping patterns adopted, examined the profitability and highlighted the constraints to crop production among arable farmers in the study area. Results obtained from the study show that crop farming in the area is a male dominated. The mean age of farmers was 33years, 98.3% were married, 80.8% had one form of education or the other and 68.4% adopted a three-crop mix pattern in their crop production. Two and three crop mixes enterprise were profitable than sole cropping when gross income per ha was used as an index of profitability. Profitability was higher in single crop enterprise when returns/man day was used as an index but was higher in a two and three crop mix enterprise when net returns per ha was used as a measure of profitability. Bad roads, drought, theft of farm produce, poor extension per farm advisory services and lack of credit facilities respectively were the constraint to crop production. The study concludes that mixed cropping enterprises was more profitable than sole cropping. We recommend the promotion of mixed cropping among arable farmers for increased profitability and income to farm households, that the constraints identified be addressed by all concerned authorities so as to sustain crop production, reduce food insecurity and eradicate hunger and poverty among arable farmers in the area and Nigeria as a whole.

DOES TOURISM SECTOR MATTER IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The regional autonomy policy is expected to promote the government in carrying out fiscal management independently. However, local own-source revenue was the only source of revenue and measurement of independence and it has not been achieved optimally. Many provinces failed to fully support regional needs, even though it has the highest tourism sector revenue contributors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the tourism sector in terms of supply and demand on regional independence. To analyze the regional income model seen from the contribution of the tourism sector by including the lag variable, this study used a Dynamic Panel method which is also known as Partial Adjusted in Central Java Province, Indonesia from 2013-2018. The result showed that the increase in local own-source revenue from the demand side is more elastic than the supply contribution. The addition of new tourist objects without proper management tends not to have a significant impact on regional income. Also, the attraction of people visiting the tourist in Central Java Province is still high because of a significant positive number of tourist arrivals. The government needs to focus on managerial improvements, development, and innovation of existing tourist objects

Valoración de los bancos cotizados españoles tras la crisis = Valuation of the Spanish listed banks after the crisis

<p>Después del inicio de la crisis financiera, la cotización en bolsa de las principales entidades financieras españolas se vio enormemente reducida y se ha mantenido en niveles bajos desde entonces. Con el objetivo de determinar si el valor en bolsa se corresponde con el valor intrínseco, se aplican los modelos de descuento de dividendos y descuento de resultados anormales, y se estima el coste de capital según las circunstancias de cada entidad. Teniendo en cuenta los factores macroeconómicos y sectoriales más relevantes que inciden sobre el valor de estas entidades, los resultados indican que cinco de los seis bancos cotizarían ligeramente por debajo del valor estimado y uno de ellos ligeramente por encima. En cuanto a los costes de capital, nuestros resultados indican que se ven afectados de forma notable por el negocio internacional de las entidades.</p><p>After the financial crisis started, the market values of the main Spanish financial institutions suffered a sharp cut and their shares have traded at really low levels since then. Trying to determine whether their price corresponds to their intrinsic value, a valuation of these firms is done by applying the dividend discount model and the residual income model. A cost of capital for each institution is also estimated. Taking into account the most relevant macroeconomic and industrial factors affecting the banks’ value, our results indicate that five out of six banks would be slightly undervalued, and the other one is slightly overvalued. Concerning the cost of capital, our results suggest that it is markedly affected by the internationalization of the firms.</p>

A Study Internet of Things Is A Revolutionary Approach for Future Technology Enhancement

The creation is pushing ahead on a quick leap, and the recognition goes to regularly developing innovation. One such idea is Internet of things with which robotization is never again an augmented simulation. IOT interfaces different nonliving articles through the web and empowers them to impart data to their locale system to computerize forms for people and makes their lives simpler. The paper shows what's to come difficulties of IoT ,, for example, the specialized (network , similarity and life span , guidelines , insightful investigation and activities , security), business ( venture , unassuming income model and so forth ), cultural (evolving requests , new gadgets, cost, client certainty and so forth ) and lawful difficulties ( laws, guidelines, methodology, approaches and so on ). An area additionally examines the different fantasies that may hamper the advancement of Internet of things, security of information being the most basic factor of all. An idealistic way to deal with individuals in embracing the unfurling changes brought by IOT will likewise benefit in its development. Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that has changed the traditional way of living into a high tech life style. Smart city, smart homes, pollution control, energy saving, smart transportation, smart industries are such transformations due to IoT. A lot of crucial research studies and investigations have been done in order to enhance the technology through IoT. However, there are still a lot of challenges and issues that need to be addressed to achieve the full potential of IoT. These challenges and issues must be considered from various aspects of IoT such as applications, challenges, enabling technologies, social and environmental impacts etc. The main goal of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion from both technological and social perspective. The article discusses different challenges and key issues of IoT, architecture and important application domains. Also, the article bring into light the existing literature and illustrated their contribution in different aspects of IoT. Moreover, the importance of big data and its analysis with respect to IoT has been discussed. This article would help the readers and researcher to understand the IoT and its applicability to the real world.

Nomenclaturas, terminologias e classificação das startups: Uma revisão multivocal da literatura

A ausência de uma nomenclatura, terminologia e classificação referentes ao universo das startups pode levar à inconsistências nas pesquisas acadêmicas. O objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar a nomenclatura e a terminologia do universo das startups e estabelecer uma taxonomia destas, bem como sua classificação considerando o ponto de vista acadêmico e de mercado. Além disso, propor termos únicos para uso da academia. O estudo utilizou uma Revisão Multivocal da Literatura sobre startups verificando as nomenclaturas, terminologias e classificações que a norteiam (fases, público-alvo, modelo de negócio), tanto na literatura acadêmica, como na literatura cinza. O resultado permitiu a apresentação das informações de maneira a comparar as diversas bases existentes sobre o tema. O estudo utilizou parâmetros próprios e quatro fontes de dados, o que representa uma oportunidade para estudos futuros sobre o assunto, explorando outras fontes de dados e metodologias de pesquisa. Além disso, o termo “startup” é um verbo muito utilizado na língua inglesa o que causa muito equívoco com o que se denominou “startup” nesse artigo. O estudo visa contribuir com um modelo de nomenclatura padrão a fim de alcançar uma análise eficiente da linguagem empresarial das startups com o propósito de auxiliar pesquisadores e empreendedores envolvidos. As definições propostas constituem uma terminologia de referência com apresentação de conceitos dos termos de startups, conciliando a terminologia acadêmica com a utilizada no mercado quanto a target public, income model and stage.

A PROPOSED ARCHIVAL EMPIRICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TO TEST RELIABITIY AND VALIDITY OF DISCOUNTED RESIDUAL INCOME MODEL

Kerlinger and Lee (2000) defines reliability as “the proportion of the ‘true’ variance to the total obtained variance of the data yielded by a measuring instrument” and content validity as “representativeness or sampling adequacy of the content—the substance, the matter, the topic of measuring instrument”. The goal of this research is to provide an empirical research method to quantify the reliability and validity of residual income model in the prediction of the value of equity (stock price), by proposing to compare all active U.S. firms from 1981 to 2005 traded in the NYSE and the AMEX (the time period and listed stocks are subject to change based upon the availability of data from different sources). JEL Classification Codes: G10, G17, M41, Z10.

Comparative study of Ohlson and cash flow discounting models in the prediction of the stock price

Two models derived from the dividend discount model attracted the attention of researchers: the residual income model (RIM) and the Ohlson model. These models are said to be dualistic since they combine both aspects of the economic and accounting vision. We propose, in our study, to test the performance of the dualistic evaluation model and to show the importance of accounting information. To do this, we will calculate the value of a listed company according to the actuarial valuation model, namely: the available cash flow discounting model (DCF) and the Ohlson model as a dualistic model. Then, we will determine, based on the expectation and the variance of the signed prediction error (SPE), the model that comes closest to the market price in the case of a Tunisian listed company. The results found in the Tunisian context show the superiority of the Ohlson model in the prediction of stock market prices. This model underlies the traditional belief that the company value is compounded of two main parts: the net value of the investment made in it (book value) and the present value of the period benefits (earnings) that together bring the “clean surplus” concept of the shareholders’ equity value. Specifically, Ohlson (1995) motivates the adoption of the historical price model in value relevance studies, which expresses value as a function of earnings and book values

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The article examines the evolution of the reform of the International Monetary Fund. It is noted that there are two large groups in the issue of reforming the International Monetary Fund. Proponents of the first group believe that the IMF as an intergovernmental organization is outdated and ineffective. Scholars of the second group emphasize the need for the existence of the Fund and emphasize its reform. The impact of the 2008 global crisis on IMF reform has been analyzed in detail. In September 2008, the global crisis entered a new phase, characterized by a rapid and significant exacerbation. With this in mind, the IMF has identified policy objectives, including the need to pay more attention to macro financial linkages, reform its lending instruments, analyze the Fund’s role in financing member states and its resources, and provide emergency financing to countries affected by the crisis. The global crisis of 2007–2009 led to the need to develop a new concept of development and operation of the Fund, to reconsider the principles of its operation. The essence of the IMF reform, which was launched in 2008 and continues to this day, was a revision of the Fund’s quota allocation mechanism and credit policy to better provide its members with credit in the face of budget deficits. The Fund’s management has concluded that the income model that the IMF has followed since its inception does not provide sustainable funding for the Fund. According to this conclusion, the Executive Board agreed on the following measures: to propose an amendment to the Articles of the Agreement on the expansion of the Fund’s investment powers, which would allow the Fund to pursue an expanded investment policy and adjust its investment strategy with best practices. It is noted that the IMF usually puts forward approximately the same package of requirements, which includes: privatization of large enterprises, liberalization of prices and foreign trade, tight monetary policy to stabilize the currency, stop subsidizing unprofitable enterprises, and minimize budget deficits by reducing social programs and tax increases, currency devaluation.