The importance of calcium in the treatment of heart disease

Prof. G. Singer (Die rztliche Praxis, No. 5, 1929. Medizinisches Seminar) expresses itself in the sense that in some heart diseases with congestion both in the large and in the small circle (mainly with myodegenerations of the heart and aortic defects), when heart and diuretics do not work, - very often they achieve good results by introducing into the body simultaneously with digitalis (intravenously or per os) 10% calcium solution in the amount of 1 snt. 3 exclusively intravenously. Calcium, enhancing the effect of digitalis on the heart, at the same time moderates its side effects on the parasympathetic system and, according to the author, is a whip and reins for the digitalis (Die Peitsche und der Zgel).

RATIONING OF THE INTIMATE LIFE OF COMMUNISTS AND KOMSOMOL MEMBERS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CONTROL COMMISSIONS OF THE RKP(B) IN THE 1920s (THE CASE OF PERM REGION)

The article highlights the practice of rationing the intimate life of communists and Komsomol members in the activities of the control commissions of the RKP(b) Perm region in the 1920s. It analyzes both the norms translated by Bolshevik ideologists and their application by such a significant institution as control commissions. The use of microhistorical analysis methods made it possible to make significant observations based on a relatively small circle of sources - on materials deposited in the Perm archives of the control commissions and other bodies of the RCP(b), as well as court cases. The publication deepens and concretizes the ideas about the tools for controlling private life in Soviet Russia in the 1920s. The authors come to the conclusion that the norms of intimate relations between men and women supported by the control commissions completely fit into the framework of “traditional” morality, which, in particular, was also preached by the Orthodox Church. At the same time, party ideologists and functionaries of the control commissions preferred to derive these norms from the prevailing ideologues about the "interests of the proletariat".

Numerical methods for scattering problems in periodic waveguides

In this paper, we propose new numerical methods for scattering problems in periodic waveguides. Based on [20], the “physically meaningful” solution, which is obtained via the Limiting Absorption Principle (LAP) and is called an LAP solution, is written as an integral of quasi-periodic solutions on a contour. The definition of the contour depends both on the wavenumber and the periodic structure. The contour integral is then written as the combination of finite propagation modes and a contour integral on a small circle. Numerical methods are developed and based on the two representations. Compared with other numerical methods, we do not need the LAP process during numerical approximations, thus a standard error estimation is easily carried out. Based on this method, we also develop a numerical solver for halfguide problems. The method is based on the result that any LAP solution of a halfguide problem can be extended to the LAP solution of a fullguide problem. At the end of this paper, we also give some numerical results to show the efficiency of our numerical methods.

Neurochips: Considerations from a neurosurgeon’s standpoint

A neurochip comprises a small device based on the brain-machine interfaces that emulate the functioning synapses. Its implant in the human body allows the interaction of the brain with a computer. Although the data-processing speed is still slower than that of the human brain, they are being developed. There is no ethical conflict as long as it is used for neural rehabilitation or to supply impaired or missing neurological functions. However, other applications emerge as controversial. To the best of our knowledge, there have no been publications about the neurosurgical role in the application of this neurotechnological advance. Deliberation on neurochips is primarily limited to a small circle of scholars such as neurotechnological engineers, artists, philosophers, and bioethicists. Why do we address neurosurgeons? They will be directly involved as they could be required to perform invasive procedures. Future neurosurgeons will have to be a different type of neurosurgeon. They will be part of interdisciplinary teams interacting with computer engineers, neurobiologist, and ethicists. Although a neurosurgeon is not expected to be an expert in all areas, they have to be familiar with them; they have to be prepared to determine indications, contraindications and risks of the procedures, participating in the decision-making processes, and even collaborating in the design of devices to preserve anatomic structures. Social, economic, and legal aspects are also inherent to the neurosurgical activity; therefore, these aspects should also be considered.

Disunited Kingdom

This chapter assesses Victoria’s efforts to cope with the religious diversity of the United Kingdom. Although Victoria’s admiration for the Church of Scotland, which was centred on the Highlands and a small circle of eloquent preachers, made her a biased participant in disputes over its established status, impressions of Victoria’s Presbyterian sympathies sank deep in Scotland and around the Empire. Victoria had hoped to commend herself to the Irish as she had to the Scots, by paying respect to their different kind of national faith, but the chapter shows that her estrangement from Irish Roman Catholics mounted with her reluctance to cross the Irish Sea. Though increasingly appreciative of Roman Catholicism as she encountered it during travel or in the lives of friends and relatives, and friendly towards popes, who she hoped might bring the Irish hierarchy to heel, Victoria could not translate these affinities into a constructive relationship with Catholic Ireland.

Starting Anew

In the aftermath of the November pogrom of 1938, thirty thousand Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps. After being released, around one hundred rabbis were able to leave Germany for Great Britain. But escaping Germany was not the end of their personal hardship. Once respected community leaders, rabbis arrived destitute and depended on charitable organisations for their livelihoods. Some would be classified as enemy aliens and faced with internment once again. The refugee rabbis would not to be discouraged, however, and they began, at first just a small circle, to reclaim their place in Jewish life once again. In a new country, a new context, and in the midst of around eighty thousand refugees, the rabbis were able to reignite their work and embarked on a great number of initiatives and projects. They were able to place the German Jewish heritage into Anglo-Jewry, where it continues to live on today.

MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF ARTERIES OF THE LOWER JAW REORGANIZATION ASPECTS IN THE SIMULATED POST-RESECTION ARTERIAL PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Summary. The salivary glands are a special group of secretory organs that play a significant role in dental health of the population, as well as one of the vital functions of the whole human body. With the development of modern medical science, clinicians have often diagnosed salivary gland pathology. One of the most important problems of these pathologies is the study of direct and reverse effects of organs on each other, the principles of their correlations and methods of morphological expression. In recent decades, there has also been an increase of pulmonary lesions, which are accompanied by hypertension in the small circulation and lead to the development of pulmonary heart disease and its decompensation. There are isolated studies on the features of the involvement of the mandibular gland in the pathological process, and only some works reflect the structural changes of the submandibular gland in hemodynamic disorders. The aim of the work – to study morphometric aspects of mandibular arteries reorganization in simulated post-resection arterial pulmonary hypertension. Material and Methods. The arteries of medium (51–125) μm and small (26–50) μm calibers [16] of the mandibular salivary gland of 27 Vietnamese pigs, which were divided into 3 groups, were studied by a complex of histological and morphometric methods. Group 1 included 9 intact animals aged 6.5–7 months, group 2 – 12 pigs of the same age with post-resection pulmonary hypertension and compensated pulmonary heart, group 3 – 6 animals 6.5–7 months with pulmonary hypertension and decompensated pulmonary heart. Results and Discussion. Hypertension (one-month term) in the small circle of blood circulation, which occurred after right-sided pulmonectomy led to the development of pulmonary heart and venous stasis in the organs of the large circle of blood circulation, including in the mandibular gland. At arterial hypertension in a small circle of blood circulation essential structural reorganization of arteries of a mandibular gland is revealed. Although morphological changes were found in the arteries of small caliber of the studied organ and in the decompensation of the pulmonary heart. Conclusions. Our morphological study provided comprehensive information on the features of remodeling of the mandibular arteries in postresection arterial pulmonary hypertension. Prolonged pulmonary hypertension leads to structural rearrangement of the arteries of the middle and small caliber of the mandible, which is characterized by thickening of the membrane, narrowing their lumen and endothelial cells damage, impaired blood supply and hypoxia in the body. The biggest changes are in the arteries of the small caliber of the mandibular gland and in the decompensation of the pulmonary heart in 6.5–7 month old male pigs of the Vietnamese breed.