THE ARTS AND HISTORICAL REMAINS IN THE CAVE TEMPLES IN IPOH, MALAYSIA

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the arts and historical remains in the cave temples of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Ipoh is well known for its numerous limestone cave temples. Based on the fieldwork survey from 2016 to 2020, Ipoh has 50 cave temples. Before the survey, the number of cave temples in Ipoh was unknown. These cave temples can be divided into three types based on their physical appearances. The paper discusses the arts and historical remains kept in selected cave temples that were established before World War II. The arts discussed in this paper can be divided into visual and literary arts, such as mural, drawing, statue and poetry. The majority of the historical remains taken are archival and epigraphical materials. The epigraphical materials are carved in bronze bells, wooden tablets, brass censers, stone inscriptions, and other materials. This paper aims to highlight the diversity of the arts and historical remains in Nusantara.

Heritage Sustainability of the Territory: Photogrammetric Survey of the Castle of Beas de Segura (Jaén, Spain)

Beas de Segura is an ancient village located in the valley of the Sierra de Segura, at the gateway to the Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas (Jaén, Spain). This territory has been inhabited by different cultures, from the Palaeolithic to the present day, giving rise to a complex urban fabric in which relevant architectural and archaeological elements still survive. The coexistence of these heritage structures with the inhabited domestic architecture has generated significant conflicts of coexistence, resulting in an accelerated process of physical and social deterioration of this increasingly impoverished area. Drawing, together with all the techniques that derive from it, is a necessary and precise source of knowledge and communication for understanding the territory, however complex it may be. This potential, applied to a heritage and social reality such as that of the Castle and Fortress of Beas de Segura (Jaén), allows for processes to be revealed, actions to be ordered, and interventions to be proposed. This article brings together the results of research carried out in this area of the Sierra de Segura, in which graphic expression, combined with the study of materials, has enabled us to identify original elements of the castle and medieval fortification. This system of knowledge discovery has been decisive in establishing a criterion for heritage intervention, seeking a sustainable balance between the development of life in this area of the city, the recovery of the collective memory of the surviving elements of the castle and fortress, and the conservation of the protected historical remains.

Visual Component of Destination Brands as a Tool for Communicating Sustainable Tourism Offers

The starting point of the presented research is the theory of destination marketing, in which the concept of destination branding is the key element. Destination branding models include the idea of visual brand identity, which includes the logo as a crucial element. Since the 1980s, the concept of sustainable development has shaped the society and global economy, including tourism. Tourists are increasingly guided by the analysis of the tourist area in terms of the importance of nature and the possibility of spending free time responsibly. They look for a sustainable tourist offer. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the tourist offers of Polish territorial units in terms of visual message—logo and its content, and to examine whether they comprise design components that reveal the sustainable development of the destination. The research method was content analysis of promotional signs. Sustainable development in tourism focuses on three pillars: nature, responsible tourist activity, and the historical remains protected in a sustainable way. The authors search for such images in the logos. In the conclusion, the authors summarize that elements of nature and historical heritage are strongly present in the logos, which does not mean that the tourist offer is a balanced offer.

Art Experiments and Cultural Preservation during a Pandemic: A Case Study Lembah Gana Festival in 2020

This study aims to reveal artistic expressions and forms of cultural preservation at the Lembah Gana Festival in Semarang Regency. This research is interesting to do because no research has been found on the Lembah Gana Festival. The urgency of this research lies in the introduction of cultural heritage, especially ancient Java. The problem is that most people forget about historical remains, both physically (tangible) and non-physically (intagible). The object and location of this research is the Lembah Gana Festival in Semarang Regency. This research is in the realm of ethnographic research. The research method used is document extraction, observation, and in-depth interviews to related parties. The research data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The novelty of the findings lies in the ability of the Lembah Gana Festival to bring back ancient Javanese culture. In addition, the research results show that the Lembah Gana Festival is increasingly existing and efforts to preserve culture have received enthusiasm from the people of Semarang Regency during the pandemic. The Festival Model which is conducted online, makes it easier for the audience to access.

Har utmarka blitt historie?

Over the past hundred years we have seen a wide-ranging agricultural land abandonment process and land-use transformation with respect to the outfields of rural areas. In addition, large outfield areas have been protected as nature reserves and national parks, concealing their cultural legacy. Despite a shift in the landscape’s status and its diminished importance to rural livelihoods, we have witnessed a broadened interest in the cultural heritage of outlying fields. This is apparent not least in the fact that the historical remains and cultural landscape of outfield areas have come to the forefront of national cultural heritage policy, are targets for tourism initiatives, and have been at the core of local identity struggles. This chapter takes as its point of departure the growing field of heritage politics in present day society through a focus on the many actors’ engagement with different aspects of the past in relation to landscape characteristics and historical remains in outfield areas. The aim is to provide insight into ways the past is managed and engaged in certain political, economic and social contexts, as a background to reflect on diverse aspects of cultural heritage, social justice related to its management, and its value for local communities. Cultural heritage policy and practices contribute to the varying uses of outfield areas, affecting ways people perceive the landscape, dwell within it, and – despite the potential for conflict of interest – see future opportunities.

Hybridization capture and low-coverage SNP profiling for extended kinship analysis and forensic identification of historical remains

DNA-assisted identification of historical remains requires the genetic analysis of highly degraded DNA, along with a comparison to DNA from known relatives. This can be achieved by targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a hybridization capture and next-generation sequencing approach suitable for degraded skeletal samples. In the present study, two SNP capture panels were designed to target ∼25,000 (25K) and ∼95,000 (95K) autosomal SNPs, respectively, to enable distant kinship estimation (up to 4th degree relatives). Low-coverage SNP data were successfully recovered from 14 skeletal elements 75 years postmortem, with captured DNA having mean insert sizes ranging from 32-170 bp across the 14 samples. SNP comparison with DNA from known family references was performed in the Parabon Fχ Forensic Analysis Platform, which utilizes a likelihood approach for kinship prediction that was optimized for low-coverage sequencing data with DNA damage. The 25K and 95K panels produced 15,000 and 42,000 SNPs on average, respectively allowing for accurate kinship prediction in 17 and 19 of the 21 pairwise comparisons. Whole genome sequencing was not able to produce sufficient SNP data for accurate kinship prediction, demonstrating that hybridization capture is necessary for historical samples. This study provides the groundwork for the expansion of research involving compromised samples to include SNP hybridization capture.Author SummaryOur study evaluates ancient DNA techniques involving SNP capture and Next-Generation Sequencing for use in forensic identification. We utilized bone samples from 14 sets of previously identified historical remains aged 70 years postmortem for low-coverage SNP genotyping and extended kinship analysis. We performed whole genome sequencing and hybridization capture with two SNP panels, one targeting ∼25,000 SNPs and the other targeting ∼95,000 SNPs, to assess SNP recovery and accuracy in kinship estimation. A genotype likelihood approach was utilized for SNP profiling of degraded DNA characterized by cytosine deamination typical of ancient and historical specimens. Family reference samples from known relatives up to 4th degree were genotyped using a SNP microarray. We then utilized the Parabon Fχ Forensic Analysis Platform to perform pairwise comparisons of all bone and reference samples for kinship prediction. The results showed that both capture panels facilitated accurate kinship prediction in more than 80% of the tested relationships without producing false positive matches (or adventitious hits), which were commonly observed in the whole genome sequencing comparisons. We demonstrate that SNP capture can be an effective method for genotyping of historical remains for distant kinship analysis with known relatives, which will support humanitarian efforts and forensic identification.

The origin of domestication genes in goats

Goat domestication was critical for agriculture and civilization, but its underlying genetic changes and selection regimes remain unclear. Here, we analyze the genomes of worldwide domestic goats, wild caprid species, and historical remains, providing evidence of an ancient introgression event from a West Caucasian tur-like species to the ancestor of domestic goats. One introgressed locus with a strong signature of selection harbors the MUC6 gene, which encodes a gastrointestinally secreted mucin. Experiments revealed that the nearly fixed introgressed haplotype confers enhanced immune resistance to gastrointestinal pathogens. Another locus with a strong signal of selection may be related to behavior. The selected alleles at these two loci emerged in domestic goats at least 7200 and 8100 years ago, respectively, and increased to high frequencies concurrent with the expansion of the ubiquitous modern mitochondrial haplogroup A. Tracking these archaeologically cryptic evolutionary transformations provides new insights into the mechanisms of animal domestication.

The origin of domestication genes in goats

Goat domestication was critical for agriculture and civilization, but its underlying genetic changes and selection regimes remain unclear. Here we analyze the genomes of worldwide domestic goats, wild caprid species and historical remains, providing evidence of an ancient introgression event from a West Caucasian tur-like species to the ancestor of domestic goats. One introgressed locus with a strong signature of selection harbors the MUC6 gene which encodes a gastrointestinally secreted mucin. Experiments revealed that the nearly fixed introgressed haplotype confers enhanced immune resistance to gastrointestinal pathogens. Another locus with a strong signal of selection may be related to behavior. The selected alleles at these two loci emerged in domestic goats at least 7,200 and 8,100 years ago, respectively, and increased to high frequencies concurrent with the expansion of the ubiquitous modern mitochondrial haplogroup A. Tracking these archaeologically cryptic evolutionary transformations provides new insights into the mechanism of animal domestication.One Sentence SummaryGoat domestication mainly focused on immune and neural genes, with adaptive leaps driven by introgression and selection.

Objek Wisata di Kabupaten Toba Samosir

Kabupaten Toba Samosir memiliki banyak tinggalan arkeologi dan sejarah yang belum digali dan diteliti bahkan ada yang tidak diketahui oleh masyarakat luas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendata tinggalan arkeologi dan sejarah yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai objek wisata. Penulisan penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjabarkan dengan detail permasalahan terkait serta menggunakan studi pustaka untuk mendapatkan bahan yang relevan dan berkaitan yang juga diperoleh melalui jurnal ilmiah maupun buku-buku. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan study observasi dengan mengamati secara langsung tinggalan-tinggalan sejarah dan arkeologi tersebut Hasil-hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa tinggalan arkeologi dan sejarah pada Kabupaten Toba Samosir tersebut dapat dimanfaatkannya untuk berbagai kepentingan, yang dapat memberikan kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat setempat dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada umumnya, dan Kabupaten Toba Samosir pada khususnya. Toba Samosir Regency has many archeological and historical remains that have not been explored and researched and some are even unknown to the wider community. The purpose of this study is to record archeological and historical remains that can be used as tourist attractions. The writing of this research uses the historical method by using a descriptive analytical research type with a qualitative approach that describes in detail the related problems and uses literature studies to obtain relevant and related material which is also obtained through scientific journals and books. Data collection techniques using observational studies by directly observing the historical and archeological remains, the results of the discussion show that the archeological and historical relics in Toba Samosir Regency can be used for various purposes, which can provide prosperity for the local community and Own-Source Revenue (PAD) in general, and Toba Samosir Regency in particular.