Study of C/N ratio of organic materials and its application in the production of natural fertilizer (bokashi)

Abstract Bokashi is an organic fertilizer made from organic materials through fermentation process. A high quality bokashi should have C/N ratio between 10-20, which normally produced from a mix raw organic material with has C/N ratio of 30. However, many studies have shown a composition of raw organic material without a calculation of C/N ratio. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to gather the initial C/N ratio of various raw material from previous published studies, calculate the C/N ratio, and examine the descriptive characteristic (colour, aroma, and texture) of bokashi made from three selected C/N ratios of raw material (30, 70, and 110) and various length of fermentation (10, 17, and 24 days). This research combined literature reviews and laboratory experimental. For laboratory experimental, Complete Randomise Design (CRD) was applied. The result showed that all bokashi produced from raw material mixture with the C/N ratio up to 110 was still acceptable to be directly applied as a fertilizer. Bokashi produced with longer fermentation time had better texture but lower aroma and colour quality.

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ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v7i2.1951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Firman L. Sahwan

Keyword(s):

Organic Material ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Production Potential ◽

Natural Organic Material ◽

Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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Efektivitas Isolat Lokal Boyolali sebagai Bakteri Dekomposter

Bioedukasi Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi ◽

10.20961/bioedukasi-uns.v9i1.1998 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

YUDI RINANTO ◽

UMI FATMAWATI

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Organic Material ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Laboratory Result ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Local Isolate ◽

Good Potential ◽

Better Than

The aim of this research is to identify the effectiveness of Local Isolate Bacteria from Boyolali (ILB) to decompose organic materials from wasted vegetable and slurry. The result of decomposition were compared to EM4 for control. The laboratory result indicates that Local isolate bacteria from Boyolali were more effective than EM4 to increase N (Nitrogen) content. The ability of Local isolate bacteria from Boyolali was better than EM4 in degrading organic materials of slurry, particularly, towards P (Phosphate). The best concentration of ILB decomposition is 30 %. Liquid fertilizer produced from Slurry with decomposition ILB 30% that applied towards cabbage increased the weight of cabbage and the length of circumference by 0.5525 gram and 12.67 cm respectively. From the experimental results that it can be concluded that ILB has better capability in decomposing organic material than EM4. ILB has a good potential as decomposter to produces liquid organic fertilizer. Keywords: Local isolate, decomposter, EM4, Slurry, cabbage

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PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI KOTORAN SAPI DAN JERAMI PADI DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN BIOAKTIVATOR M-DEC

Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ◽

10.31942/inteka.v5i1.3399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Shobib

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Organic Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Aerobic Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Time

Cow manure can be used for making organic fertilizer because it contains nutrients such as Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Rice straw has a high C-Organic content. Adding straw compost will increase soil organic matter content. The study aims to determine the fermentation process that occurs so as to produce organic fertilize, know the effect of fermentation time and the effect of the composition of raw materials for cow manure and rice straw on the process of making organic fertilizer to the content of organic fertilizer according to SNI 7603 : 2018. The method use by aerobic fermentation is by mixing cow manure and rice straw and M-Dec bioactivators by comparison 3 : 1, 2 : 2,1 : 3 and fermentation time 7, 14, 21, 28 days. The parameters tested are C-organic, Nitrogen (N), C/N ratio, Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). The best quality organic fertilizer in the treatment of cow manure : rice straw with a ratio of 2 : 2 on the 28th day fermentation process namely C-organic content 34,63 %, C/N ratio is 25, macro nutrient content N+P2O5+K2O of 3,14 % that has met SNI 7763 : 2018. Keyword: M-Dec bioactivator, aerobic fermentation, cow manure, rice straw, C/N ratio

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DAN DAUN GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DENGAN METODA FERMENTASI DENGAN AKTIVATOR EM4

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v8i01.546 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 127-135

Author(s):

Hasmalina Nasution ◽

Henny D J ◽

Ulsanna Laira

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Quality Requirements ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Liquid organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer in a liquid preparation as apart or all of from organic compound such as plant, animal, and industry waste, solid or liquid phase Nutrients contained therein form of a solution that is so fine that is easily absorbed by plants, though the leaves or stems. Organic fertilizer is one of solution to recovery physical, chemical and biological soil mineral from harmful effect at synthetic fertilize. Liquid fertilizer is obtained from the fermentation process solid first and then proceed with the extraction and liquid anaerobic fermentation process.In the fermentation process, the role of microbes largely determine the resulting product.The aim of this study was to determine the potential of liquid waste out as a liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of leaves of Gliricidia plants with a variation of 200 gr and 400 gr to increase mocro and micro nutrients with EM4 bacteria activator by fermentation procces. Macro nutrients result show Nitrogen 1250,57 ppm, phosphorus 1626,51 ppm potasium 2987,45 ppm, C-organic 8550 ppm, the ratio of C/N 7, and micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn) C organic result Fe 57.99 ppm, Cu 0.30 ppm, Mn 2.83 ppm in the optimum fermentation time of 5 days with additional variations Gliricidia leaves 400 g. Macro nutrient of Organic fertilizer produced meets the quality requirements of the regulation which has set the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the amount of <2% or <20000, C organic ≥ 4% (40000 ppm), the ratio of C / N ≥ 4 ppm. Micro nutrients result do not meet the quality requirements of the agriculture minister No.28/Permentan/OT.140/2/2009. quality regulations for, and metal 100-1000 ppm.

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Analisis Kualitas Bioetanol Dari Kulit Pisang

Jurnal Daur Lingkungan ◽

10.33087/daurling.v4i2.72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

G M Saragih ◽

Hadrah Hadrah ◽

Dilla Tri Maharani

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Starch Content ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Raw Material ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Total Production ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Banana Production

Indonesia is ranked sixth in banana production with total production in 2015 of 7.299.275. the more people who like bananas, the higher the volume of banana peel waste produced. Banana peels are usually thrown away immediately and can contaminate the soil surface because banana peels contain acid so that it can have an impact on evironmental problems. The starch content of banan peels has the potential to be used as a raw material for bioethanol production with the help of the fermentation process. Therefore this research aims to determine the quality of bioethanol which is produced from several types of banana peels. The types of banana peels used are Ambon banana peel, Barangan banana peel and horn banana peel. The method used to manufacture bioethanol form the types of banana peel of ambon, barangan and horn is fermentation using yeast tape or saccharomyses cereviciae. The variables observed in this study were the variety of banana peel types, fermentation time for 6 days and 10 days, and the use of yeast as much as 5 grams. The fermentation results in the form of bioethanol were analyzed using gas chromatography, the best results from this study were obtained on the type of banana peel of Ambon for 10 days, that is 4.451% bioethanol.

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Variation of Molasses Dose in Making Solid Organic Fertilizer with Fresh Cow Dung

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn40403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Karno Karno ◽

Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽

Frida Hendrarinata

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Technological Innovation ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Research Result ◽

Raw Material ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Livestock Population

Introduction: Livestock population in Magetan, East Java Province, Indonesia is quite high, which is 58.671 animals This can be become a potency for development of organic fertilizer with fresh cow dung as the raw material. For producing biogas from cow dung, it needs to be conducted appropriate technological innovation, thus, it can be used and can reduce environmental pollution. Methods: The research’s method was eksperimental research. Purpose: Identifying the measuring the levels of: macronutrient of organic fertilizer in this research: N, P, K, and C-organic. Analyzing exact fermentation time in making organic fertilizer from variation in the comparison of molasses. Result: The organic levels of N, P, K and C showed that it qualified the standard of Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture Number 70/ PERMENTAN / SR.140 / 102011. Based on the research result, it was obtained that the fastest of fermentation time was in variation 4 with the comparison of addition of molasses dose in 200 ml and EM4 in 50 ml. Keywords: molasses; organic fertilizer; fresh cow dung

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Discovering the Potential of Organic Material in Architecture

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186704022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 04022

Author(s):

Dalhar Susanto ◽

Tria Amalia Ningsih ◽

Diniputi Angelia

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Organic Material ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Material Selection ◽

Raw Material ◽

Design Stage ◽

Architectural Elements ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Building Process ◽

Architectural Development

Indonesia is abundant with natural resources in the form of organic materials from the earth and floral ecosystem. Based on natural resources, Indonesia’s buildings are built using the organic materials from their surrounding area, such as woods, palm trees, bamboos and rattans that can be used as architectural elements. The organic material reflects the architectural development in Indonesia, starting with a single raw material via the joining of different building parts up to the finished building. It also visualizes the identity which will be presented with local wisdom from the knowledge and the ideas. This paper aims to identify main organic materials in Indonesia regarding the physical properties and aesthetic values that are encountered by human senses. Materiality acknowledges as a flux that is passing processes of continual transformation; it is commonly called “thingliness” or “woodiness”. Furthermore, it encompasses three components, medium, substance, and surfaces, which are not separated or dominant from nature; it is built as a unified whole. This study proposes an idea to give impacts of the build environments on traditional and contemporary design. By adopting a sustainability approach to organic material selection and specification extends the inspiration in the design stage of the building process.

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Physicochemical and microbiological quality in the fermentation of different cocoa blends with the addition of coffee and cardamom

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e4759108742

Author(s):

Nélio Ranieli Ferreira de Paula ◽

Érica de Oliveira Araújo ◽

Natália Dias de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Ph Value ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Raw Material ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Scientific Development ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Consequent Reduction

Fermentation is an essential step in obtaining good quality almonds. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the fermentation process of cocoa almonds and quantify the physicochemical and microbiological quality of different cocoa blends with the addition of coffee and cardamom, aiming at the reduction of the cost of processing, the addition of value to the raw material, and technological and scientific development of the Amazon region. The experimental design used was completely randomized, arranged in a 4 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to four fermentation times, two fermentation, three concentrations of pulp (blends) (pure cocoa, cocoa + coffee, and cocoa + cardamom), and three replicates. The results made it possible to conclude that the temperature inside the mass measured every 48 hours after turning increased with the fermentation time, reaching its maximum on the seventh day of fermentation. The increase in the temperature inside the fermentation mass on the seventh day is due to the higher concentration of acetic acid, evidenced by the reduction in pH value and consequent reduction in °Brix. Fermentation in a greenhouse at a temperature of 40 °C enables the maintenance of stable temperature throughout the fermentation process for blends of cocoa with the addition of coffee and cardamom. It is verified that, when there is a pre-established temperature, as in a greenhouse at 40 °C, there is a decrease in the values of °Brix and soluble solids present in the final product. Temperature, pH, and sugars are determining factors for the duration of the fermentation process and quality of pure cocoa almonds and cocoa almonds with the addition of coffee and cardamom. Under the experimental conditions, fermentation time from seven days is sufficient to ensure the physicochemical and microbiological quality of cocoa blends with the addition of coffee and cardamom, but it should not exceed nine days.

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PENGARUH MIKROORGANISME, BAHAN BAKU, DAN WAKTU INKUBASI PADA KARAKTER NATA: REVIEW

Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian ◽

10.20961/jthp.v14i1.47654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Sherly Novia Yuana Putri ◽

Wahyu Fajri Syaharani ◽

Cindy Virgiani Budi Utami ◽

Dyah Retno Safitri ◽

Zahra Nur Arum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Food Product ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

High Fiber ◽

Physical Tests

Nata is an organic food product that has a high fiber content. Nata is a fermented produce by Acetobacter xylinum. There is very limited review article that discussed the making process of nata using different starter, raw material, and the length of incubation time in once. So that, this review discusses the comparison of various parameters that affect the fermentation process of nata. This review aims to discuss the effect of using several types of microorganisms, different raw materials, and different fermentation time on nata production. Factors that influence the success of nata fermentation process include fermentation time, the addition of ingredients (sugar, vinegar, and urea), the use of hollow caps, avoiding products from shocks, and the use of sterile equipment. The bacteria that can be used for making nata include Acetobacter xylinum and Acetobacter sp. Several raw materials can be used to make nata, such as coconut water, seaweed, banana peels, tofu water, cassava, and jackfruit straw. The best raw material to make nata from color parameters is seaweed, aroma parameter is jackfruit straw, and taste parameter is cassava. Based on chemical and physical tests, the best raw material for moisture content parameters is seaweed, fiber content parameter is cassava, thickness parameter is banana peel, and yield parameter is coconut water followed by cassava. The length of fermentation affects the thickness and weight of nata, chewier texture of nata, and the darker color of nata. The best thickness of nata produced on the 14th day of fermentation was 1.7 cm. The best overall weight of nata on produced the 10th day of fermentation was 600 g/L. The texture of nata was the chewiest in the fermentation time of 14 days with the value was 72.33 g/5mm. The lowest degree of nata whiteness produced on the 14th day of fermentation with the value was 72.307%.

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Making Bioethanol From Cocoa Fruit Skin Waste By Hydrolysis Process Using Trichoderma Viride Mold

Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) ◽

10.24114/ijcst.v2i1.12368 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Tiska Oktavianis ◽

Sofiyanita Sofiyanita

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Ethanol Content ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Fruit Skin ◽

Fruit Waste

Cocoa fruit skin is one of the agricultural wastes can be used as raw material for bioethanol production. Because the cocoa fruit waste containing 39.45% crude fiber and 3.92% glucose. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of optimization of yeast and fermentation time to produce maximum ethanol content. In this study the hydrolysis process cocoa leather is done using fungi Trichoderma viride and fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyses cerevisiae. While for bioethanol concentration measurements performed using vinometer. The results showed that bioethanol fermentation time for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days using yeast levels 2, 4, 6 and 8 grams produce maximum ethanol fermentation at 3 days and 6 grams yeast levels. Produced a maximum ethanol content of 12%.

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