Motives, Supporting Activities, and Selection Criteria of Social Impact Incubators: An Experimental Conjoint Study

Social impact incubators (SIIs) are a new type of incubator that support social enterprises (SEs) in their early business stages to foster and develop their hybrid objectives. However, research on SIIs is still scarce, and little is known about SIIs’ motives, supporting activities, and selection criteria. In investigating 71 SII decision-makers, we find the societal duty motive stated as “most important,” while the financial motive is stated as “least important.” Furthermore, we identify the authenticity of the founding team and the importance of the societal problem addressed as SIIs’ most important selection criteria. However, significant heterogeneity exists within the group of SIIs with regard to their selection criteria. In particular, SIIs with strong innovation and societal duty motives stand out and differ in their SE selection criteria from other SIIs. Our results extend prior research on SIIs and contribute to the discussion on the selection criteria of SE supporters.

Potential therapeutics for primary mitochondrial disorders

Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) are clinically and scientifically complex disorders, making devising therapy an enormous undertaking. However, the formation of national cohorts and extensive use of next-generation gene-agnostic sequencing technologies has resulted in considerable recent breakthroughs in PMD's core understanding. A very exciting new therapeutic arsenal has evolved. Extensive, high-powered, comprehensive clinical studies must now be conducted to identify successful therapies and provide a more definite basis for present therapeutic recommendations. Due to PMD's variability and rarity, these studies will require multicenter collaboration and detailed phenotype-specific subgroup analysis. Since some of the most effective therapies (e.g. exercise, diet, vitamins, even repurposed medications off-patent) have a low financial motive, this is a big challenge. This underscores the necessity for charities and governments to fund evidence-based development that will enable PMD treatments to be moved from bench to bedside. Biomarkers not related to the lives of physicians or patients have typically been used as the major outcomes in clinical trials. Many of these biomarkers have been embraced because they can be statistically examined, rather than capturing the value of a therapy on a patient's quality of life. This stresses the need to co-design patient clinical studies. Any future value studies should employ well-established transnational PMD patient cohorts and globally accepted clinically meaningful and patient-relevant outcome criteria. This will not only aid with patient recruiting, but also provide an international therapeutic efficacy assessment infrastructure.

INTERNATIONAL LAW OF SMUGGLING

Smuggling is the act of carrying goods or people illegally and hidden, like out of a building, into jail, or through of border, Contrary to the law or other regulations. Smuggling encouraged various reasons. These include illegal trade, such as drugs, Immigration and illegal migration, avoid excise, Smuggling of illegal goods to prisoners, or smuggling stolen goods. Another example is the financial motive for it is not like bringing banned items past a security checkpoint (as in airfield) or removal of confidential documents from the state or government officials. Type the smuggling of goods, people and wild creatures.

Entheogens in Christian art: Wasson, Allegro, and the Psychedelic Gospels

In light of new historical evidence regarding ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson’s correspondence with art historian Erwin Panofsky, this article provides an in-depth analysis of the presence of entheogenic mushroom images in Christian art within the context of the controversy between Wasson and philologist John Marco Allegro over the identification of a Garden of Eden fresco in the 12th century Chapel of Plaincourault in France. It reveals a compelling financial motive for Wasson’s refusal to acknowledge that this fresco represents Amanita muscaria, as well as for Wasson’s reluctance to pursue his hypothesis regarding the entheogenic origins of religion into Christian art and artifacts. While Wasson’s view – that the presence of psychoactive mushrooms in the Near and Middle East ended around 1000 BCE – prevailed and stymied research on entheogens in Christianity for decades, a new generation of 21st century researchers has documented growing evidence of A. muscaria and psilocybin-containing mushrooms in Christian art, consistent with ethnobotanist Giorgio Samorini’s typology of mushroom trees. This article presents original photographs, taken during fieldwork at churches and cathedrals throughout Europe and the Middle East, that confirm the presence of entheogenic mushrooms in Christian art: in frescoes, illuminated manuscripts, mosaics, sculptures, and stained glass windows. Based on this iconic evidence, the article proposes a psychedelic gospels theory and addresses critiques of this theory by art historians, ardent advocates, medieval historians, and conservative Catholics. It calls for the establishment of an Interdisciplinary Committee on the Psychedelic Gospels to independently evaluate the growing body of evidence of entheogenic mushrooms in Christian art in order to resolve a controversial question regarding the possible role of entheogens in the history and origins of Christianity.

BAGAIMANA REAKSI INVESTOR TERHADAP CORPORATE SOSIAL DISCLOSURE (CSD)? (Studi pada Perusahaan Pemenang Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Award)

<h5><em>Companies carrying out CSR activities can be grouped into three motives, such as: financial motive, ethical motive and altruistic motive. These three motives are the foundation of the company in planning their CSR activities each year. Each motive course has a purpose that has a good impact on the economic and social aspects of the company. A good corporate image ultimately gained public’s trust and will have a positive effect on the financial side of the company and the company's stock.</em></h5><h5><em>This research will focus on CSR disclosure (CSD) based on company’s motive and check its effect on company's financial performance based on market measurement, seen from investor reaction proxied with stock return. This study uses 56 company annual reports from 2013 to 2016, listed in the "Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Awards" which are fully published in 2014 until 2017 by SWA Magazine.</em></h5><h5><em>The method of statistical analysis in this study using moderated regression analysis, where independent variables of corporate social disclosure (CSD) using financial, ethical and altruistic motives. While the dependent variable in the form of Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) based on market measurements proxied through stock return.</em></h5><h5><em>The result of the research shows that corporate social disclosure (CSD) based on financial motive gives effect to stock return, while CSD with ethic motive and altruistic motive can’t provide sufficient evidence to influence the rate of return stock.</em></h5><h5><em> </em></h5><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>CSD, CFP, CSR, CSR Motive</em></p>

Entrepreneurial Motives of Egyptian Entrepreneurs

This article explores the growth of (SME) development in Egypt. It focuses on measuring the motives of Egyptian entrepreneurs. The research design of the article is based on a quantitative data collection method in which a questionnaire was administrated to 211 small and medium sized firm entrepreneurs in Alexandria, Egypt. The results of the article indicate that the financial motive has less impact than the need for recognition in the process of starting a business. However, the financial motive is greater than the need to preserve family businesses and traditions. The recognition motive is related to perceived favorable governmental policies designed to stimulate entrepreneurial development. The financial motives are not associated with perceived economic conditions or available marketing opportunities. The freedom motive is significantly related to economic conditions, governance, and marketing opportunities. The family tradition motive is significantly associated with economic conditions but only moderately related to marketing opportunity.

PENGARUH BIAYA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR COST) BERDASARKAN MOTIF KEUANGAN, MOTIF ETIKA, DAN MOTIF ALTRUISTIK TERHADAP CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

This research aimed to determine the effect of CSR cost that the company paid for community, social, environment, etc. based on financial motive, ethic motive and altruistic motive simultaneously or partial, on the ROE and ROS of company.The research is quantitative research with the help of IBM SPSS Software 21 version with regression analysis. Population of this research is manufactured company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2011-2014. Samples were collected by purposive sampling method and 10 companies are used for this research.The result of the test is CSR cost based on ethic motive have a positive significant effect on ROE and ROS (sig. &lt; 0,05). However, both CSR cost based on financial motive and altruistic motive have no-significant effect on ROE and ROS (sig. &gt; 0,05). For the future research, the researcher recommend that the company which listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange are more transparent and detailed information on the CSR include the activities, the CSR target, the cost that company spend and all the other data about CSR. Then, the company which do the CSR investment and transparent with the CSR report can attract other potential investor for the company, so that can make a positive effect on the financial statement.<br />Keywords: CSR Motive, Financial Motive, Ethic motive, Altruistic Motive