Research on the Leading Value Drive of Rural Homestead Transfer under Rural Revitalization——Based on the Evidences of China

With the development of urban-rural integration in China, the functional value of homestead bases has evolved from a single residential security value to a multiple composite values, and the property income of homestead bases has gradually become the value driver of transfer and the intrinsic demand of farm households. This paper takes Baitafan of Jinzhai County, Chongqing City, and Xiaofang Yu Village of Ji County as examples for in-depth discussion, and finds that the dominant value drivers of home base transfer mainly include three kinds: capitalization income, commercialization income, and non-farm employment income. The study concludes that it is important to give full play to the resource endowment effect and identify the dominant value of home base transfer according to local conditions to promote the standardized home base transfer and implement the rural revitalization strategy.

Developing a Special Theory of Expert Knowledge Use with a view to Ensuring Information and Worldview Security in the Digital Environment

This paper substantiates the need to develop a new special theory of the use of expert knowledge in the framework of ensuring information and worldview security in the digital environment, aimed at analyzing and generalizing the possibilities of using a range of expert knowledge for the study of criminogenic information disseminated within the digital environment. For these purposes, conceptual frameworks have been developed, including the subject and the system of new expert theory, as well as other terms that are important for a holistic understanding of this area (such as "digital environment", "information (worldview) security", "value basis"). The involvement of persons with special knowledge is important due to the peculiarities of information disseminated in the digital environment (such as electronic form, hypertextuality, etc.). In this case, the question often arises about the need for a comprehensive expert analysis (for example, the use of special knowledge in the field of forensic speech and forensic psychology, special computer-technical knowledge, etc.). The result of the study is conclusion on the need to develop a new private expert theory; the paper defines its conceptual foundations in the form of a consideration of its subject and system.

Valuing ecotourism in Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island, Malaysia based on visitors’ experience

Mohd-Asri NF, Kamaluddin SN, Dharmalingam S, Idris WMR, Md-Zain BM. 2021. Valuing ecotourism in Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island, Malaysia based on visitors’ experience. Biodiversitas 22: 1543-1549. Ecotourism has been identified as one of the alternative ways of boosting a region's economic status and highlighting the necessity of a healthier tourism sector. Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island (BMOUI) is the only ex-situ conservation center promoting primate ecotourism on the Malay Peninsula. We conducted a primate ecotourism survey at BMOUI to determine six ecotourism expressive valuations for describing the quality of tourists’ visits to BMOUI and estimating tourist’s willingness to pay (WTP) in relation to the entrance fee. Surveys were completed by 100 randomly selected respondents aged at least 18 years. Likert scale items and Cronbach’s alpha were used in the data analyses. Six ecotourism experiences (hedonic, interaction, novelty, comfort, stimulation, and safety values) were further analyzed using statistical software. The results showed that visitors experienced moderate hedonic experience (44.8%), moderate interactive value (42.35%), moderate novelty value (42.5%), medium comfort value (42.5%), medium stimulation value (42.7%), and low security value (37.15%). In addition, the mean WTP, determined by the bidding process, was about RM54.90 per visitor for each visit. The findings of ecotourism experiences and the estimated price can provide important information to BMOUI administrators. This study will contribute indirectly to upgrading the level of awareness of primate conservation aspects among tourists, entrepreneurs, and locals.

PROTECT: Privacy-preserving Contact Tracing for COVID-19 with Homomorphic Encryption (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Various techniques are employed in order to support contact tracing, which has been shown to be highly effective against the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To apply the technology, either the quarantine authorities should provide the location history COVID-19 patients, or all people should provide their own location history. This inevitably makes people either the patient location history or personal location history of the public, leading to the privacy protection issue of information release for the public good against privacy exposure risks. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop an effective contact tracing system without exposing the location information between the user and the quarantine authorities with COVID-19 patient location history. METHODS We propose a new protocol called PRivacy Oriented Technique for Epidemic Contact Tracing (PROTECT) that securely shares the location information of patients with users by using the Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren (BFV) homomorphic encryption scheme, along with a new secure proximity computation method for it. RESULTS We have developed a mobile application for the end-user and a web service for the quarantine authorities by applying the proposed method and have verified their effectiveness. Proposed application and web service compute the existence of intersections between the encrypted location history of COVID-19 patients released by the quarantine authorities and the user location history saved on the local device. We also show that the developed contact tracing application can identify whether the user is in contact with patients within a reasonable time on smartphones. CONCLUSIONS The developed method that shares the location information encrypted with homomorphic encryption is a new method for contact tracing without exposing the location information of the COVID-19 patients and the users. Homomorphic encryption is difficult to apply to practical issues despite its high security value. This study, however, has designed a system applicable to a reasonable size using the BFV scheme, and developed it to an operable format. The developed application and web service can help contact tracing for not only COVID-19, but also other various epidemics.

REALIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL RIGHTS AS COLLATERAL (PROCEDURAL ASPECTS)

This paper addresses the issues pertaining to the usage of intellectual property, with the main focus being the use of exclusionary rights as a collateral; economic and legal obstacles hindering the development of this institution in Russia are also identified. Imperfect system of exclusionary rights appraisal is highlighted as a prime reason for the under-utilization of intellectual property as a collateral. The procedure of foreclosing the intellectual property is investigated; legal gaps that have negative impact on its efficiency are identified and evaluated. In conclusion, the authors note that the features of levy of execution on exclusive copyright provided by the law and the conclusion of court practice based on this that copyright manuscripts cannot be levied at all, reflect the optimal model of regulation that takes into account the moral rights of authors (including the right to promulgation). The law provides an opportunity both for the author of a work, the performer in relation to performance, and for their heirs to decide whether to give the exclusive right the opportunity to be an economic asset with security value or not.

How the Dead Storage of Consumer Electronics Creates Consumer Value

Consumers across the globe tend to store their small electronic devices when they reach their end of life instead of disposing of them. This is a problem because if end-of-life devices are not recovered from consumers’ homes, the devices cannot be re-used or recycled, leading to increased production. We study what motivates consumers to store their end-of-life devices by looking at how storage creates consumer value. Applying a practice-based understanding of value, we find that storage is a social practice that generates value by protecting consumers from four different kinds of risk: practical risks, existential risks, environmental risks, and moral risks. Storage gives consumers a sense of security in their everyday lives and thus generates what we call ‘security value’. This notion implies that even though end-of-life devices sit idle in consumers’ homes, their value generating capacity remains active. The findings have implications for the role of consumers in reverse logistics strategies for sustainable systems.

Calculation of land social security value in the process of urban non-agricultural construction land transfer--Based on field investigation in rural areas of Guangzhou

The social security value of land includes four major items, namely, unemployment security, minimum living security value, old-age security value and medical security value. The non-agricultural construction land compensation substance produced in the process of social security is the land value of the market price, the farmers and urban residents, land value can be partial social security. To determine the process of land expropriation for non-agricultural construction reasonable compensation, we need to provide scientific standards. Through the calculation, Guangzhou ’ s current land compensation provide social security value of basic level, but due to the large regional land requisition compensation amount difference, the current land expropriation compensation is actually the coexistence of insufficient and transition compensation.