Beyond the Economic-Need Hypothesis: A Life-Course Explanation of Women’s Extended Family Living Arrangements in Chile

Previous research has mainly understood household extension as a family strategy to face economic deprivation, giving little attention to other factors affecting it. Using 2017 data from the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey, this article evaluates the role played by economic and life-course factors in extended family living arrangements among women in family units in Chile ( n = 60,111). Results indicate that economic needs are an important driver for those seeking refuge in someone else’s home, but they are less important for those hosting other relatives within their household. Importantly, the likelihood of living in an extended household—and the position that family units occupy within the household (as head-families or subfamilies)—changes over the life span. Young women (15–34 years) are more likely to live in extended households as sub-families, while middle-aged women (45–64 years) tend to live in extended households as household heads, hosting young cohabiting couples, or lone mothers.

The Implementation Of Pitra Yadnya Ceremony In The Pandemic Covid-19 Time At The Hindu Community In Saksari Hamlet North Cakranegara Lombok

This research aims to conduct a study regarding the implementation of the pitra yadnya ceremony during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Saksari hamlet, North Cakranegara subdistrict, Lombok. The background of this research is related to the habits of Hindus in this area to carry out the pitra yadnya ceremony by continuing the tradition of menyama braya, saling rojong, sidikara, and fraternal ties in creating harmony. The pitra yadnya tradition carried out by Hindus today is experiencing adjustments as a result of the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic, with social restrictions. In this regard, this research focuses on three formulations of problems, namely (1) how is the pitra yadnya ceremony; (2) what is the family strategy in implementing the pitra yadnya ceremony; and (3) what are the implications of the pitra yadnya Ceremony for community during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Saksari hamlet, North Cakranegara subdistrict? This study was designed in a qualitative descriptive study to provide an overview of the implementation of the pitra yadnya ceremony at the research location. Based on the research results found three findings. First, the pitra yadnya ceremony procedures during the Covid-19 pandemic were carried out simply, without reducing the meaning of the ceremony, according to the concepts of iksa, sakti, desa, kala, patra, and tattwa. Second, the family strategy in carrying out the pitra yadnya ceremony during the Covid-19 pandemic is to continue to carry out the ceremony by following the advice and appeals of the Parisadha Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI) or Hindu religious council and health protocols. Third, the implication of the pitra yadnya ceremony for the community during the Covid-19 pandemic is the change in the social order of the community, such as menyama braya, saling rojong, and sidikara, from an economic point of view, it was much more efficient than the situation before the Covid-19 pandemic.

Family Strategy To Fulfill The Needs When Covid-19 Pandemic Disasters Occured

<p><em>Policies taken by the government to prevent the spread of Covid-19 which is easily contagious have an impact on family income. This research is to determine the strategies undertaken by women in fulfilling their family meet during the Covid-19 pandemic in Andaman Village, Anjir Muara Pasar District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research method. There were 40 respondents with the sampling using quota sampling method. The data was collected by using a questionnaire which was arranged based on observations before the research was undertaken then the results were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there were three strategies undertaken by respondents to fulfill their family ends meet during a pandemic, namely related to work, savings, and borrowing money. Related to work, there were three types of activities, namely 5 percent getting a main job, 45 percent getting a side job, and 32.5 percent adding more working hours. Meanwhile 100 percent of respondents started to make savings and 5 percent of respondents borrowed money.</em></p>

Distribuição espacial do rastreamento do câncer de mama em uma área rural da estratégia de saúde da familia

Objetivo: Demostrar mediante georreferenciación micro áreas con debilidades en el cribado del cáncer de mama en el área de Family Strategy Caxirimbu, área rural de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: Investigación epidemiológica seccional. Se entrevistó a 211 mujeres, con edades entre 40 y 69 años, entre el 1 de abril y el 1 de septiembre de 2015. La técnica de georreferenciación se utilizó con la producción de coordenadas geográficas utilizando equipos GPS y la producción de mapas de distribución espacial. Resultados: En la distribución espacial, se encontró que el cribado del cáncer de mama en el área de Caxirimbu tiene un mayor alcance en las micro áreas en los márgenes de MA 034 y en las micro áreas cercanas a la unidad de salud. En esta cobertura, se encontró que de las 211 mujeres entrevistadas, 133 (63.0%) ya se habían sometido a una mamografía, estando cerca del parámetro indicado por el Ministerio de Salud, que es al menos el 70.0%. 42.0% (n = 56) ya se había sometido a una mamografía; 36.0% (n = 48), dos o tres mamografías, y el 22.0% (n = 29) informó haber realizado más de cuatro mamografías. El mapa mostró que 11 lugares de este examen son inaccesibles para las mujeres. En la distribución espacial, hubo una mayor distribución para la mamografía irregular, convergiendo con su frecuencia del 80.0%. Conclusión: La distribución espacial de los intervalos practicados por las mujeres para los exámenes de mamografía demostró la mayor parte de la ejecución y la ocurrencia de intervalos inadecuados, identificando la necesidad de implementar una detección organizada. Objective: To demonstrate by means of georeferencing micro-areas with weaknesses in screening of breast cancer in the area of ​​the Caxirimbu Family Strategy, rural zone of Caxias, Maranhão state, Brazil. Methods: Sectional epidemiological research. A total of 211 women aged 40 to 69 years were surveyed between April 1 and September 1, 2015. The georeferencing technique was used with the production of geographical coordinates using GPS equipment and the production of spatial distribution maps. Results: In the spatial distribution, it was found that breast cancer screening in the area covered by Caxirimbu has greater reach in the micro areas on the margins of MA 034 and in micro areas close to the health unit. In this coverage, it was found that of the 211 women interviewed, 133 (63.0%) had already undergone mammography, being close to the parameter indicated by the Ministry of Health, which is at least 70.0%. 42.0% (n= 56) had already undergone one mammogram; 36.0% (n= 48), two to three mammograms and; 22.0% (n= 29) reported having performed more than four mammograms. The map showed that 11 locations that tracking is inaccessible to women. In the spatial distribution, there was a greater distribution for irregular mammography performance, converging with its frequency of 80.0%. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of the intervals practiced by women for mammography exams demonstrated that most of the execution and occurrence of inadequate intervals, identifying the need to implement an organized screening. Objetivo: Demonstrar por meio do georreferenciamento microáreas com fragilidades no rastreamento do câncer de mama em na área da estratégia de Família do Caxirimbu, zona rural de Caxias – Maranhão. Métodos: Pesquisa epidemiológica do tipo seccional. Foram pesquisadas 211 mulheres de 40 a 69 anos entre 01 de abril a 01 de setembro de 2015. Utilizou-se a técnica do georreferenciamento com produção de coordenadas geográficas por meio de equipamento GPS e produção de mapas de distribuição espacial. Resultados: Na distribuição espacial verificou-se que o rastreamento do câncer de mama na área de abrangência do Caxirimbu tem maior alcance nas microáreas as margens da MA 034 e em microáreas próxima a unidade de saúde. Nesta cobertura, verificou-se que das 211 mulheres entrevistadas, 133 (63,0%) já haviam realizado a mamografia ficando próximo do parâmetro indicado pelo ministério da saúde que é de no mínimo 70,0%. 42,0% (n=56) já haviam realizado 1 mamografia; 36,0% (n=48), 2 a 3 mamografias e; 22,0% (n=29) informou ter realizado mais de 4 mamografias. A execução da mamografia e sua regularidade teve uma frequência de 26,0% e 20,0%, respectivamente. O mapa mostrou que 11 localidades esse rastreamento está inacessível para as mulheres. Verificou-se na distribuição espacial maior distribuição para execução irregular da mamografia convergindo com sua frequência de 80,0%. Conclusão: A distribuição espacial dos intervalos praticados pelas mulheres para a realização dos exames de mamografia demonstrou que a maioria da execução e ocorrência de intervalos inadequados, identificando a necessidade de implementação de um rastreamento organizado.

ANALISIS MATRIK IE PADA UMKM BERBASIS PRODUK PERTANIAN KELOMPOK WANITA PELAKU USAHA TANAMAN HIAS DI DESA SIDOMULYO KOTA BATU

This study aims to determine the right strategies to describe, analyze, and interpret the factors related to the empowerment of women's business groups so that they can improve the level of the family economy and become an independent and economically prosperous family. Strategy determination is implemented through three steps, namely the input stage (using the Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE)) method, the matching stage, and the decision stage. Researchers used qualitative research methods with a participatory approach that did not do hypothesis testing only describing the state of social protection in accordance with the facts found at the study site. Data collection techniques namely using questionnaires, interviews, observation took several elements and then each element was investigated in depth. To obtain information about the profile of Ornamental Plant Business Women in Sidomulyo Village, Batu City by using accidental sampling technique. A score of 284 was obtained from the IFE matrix, while a score of 334 was obtained from the matrix. Scores on the IFE matrix and the EFE Matrix show that the Group of Ornamental Plant Business Women are in cell II, with strategies that can be used namely developing and developing, so that they are in a strong position.

Current and future challenges of family businesses

Family businesses are an important part of every economy. They are characterized by long traditions that combine aspects such as trust and reliability, as well as by features such as innovativeness, foresight, long-term focus and flexibility. Both family businesses and the entrepreneurial families themselves do have some weaknesses and face current challenges like digitization, internationalization and demographic change. These issues must be kept in mind in order to constantly develop appropriate solutions that will help them survive and thrive in the market. Moreover, the high relevance of the family in a family business is associated with opportunities – for example, when a family strategy with clear values, roles and goals is defined, and a so called family business governance is developed.