The method of forming virtual receiving channels in the automobile MIMO-radar

The article is intended for specialists in the field of radar, radio engineering and telecommunications. It considers the problem of forming virtual receiving channels in a car MIMO radar to increase the antenna aperture in the horizontal plane. The case is investigated when two cars fall into the main beam of the radar antenna pattern, and therefore, the application of super-resolution methods in azimuth is required. In modern vehicles, this option is required for vehicle collision avoidance and driver assistance systems. The use of MIMO technology makes it possible to form a larger antenna array (AR) for reception, the so-called virtual AR. This becomes possible due to a special choice of the topologies of the location of the transmitting and receiving channels, as well as due to the multiplication of the probing signals in each transmitting channel by an individual code. As a result, the resolving power of the AR increases in the direction finding of the target. A radar with “short” sounding chirp pulses is considered, in which the range is measured by the frequency method. The parameters of the signal in the radar are chosen so that the contribution of the terms associated with the speed of the target on the pulse duration to the beat frequency on the receiving side is negligible. Analytical expressions are obtained for the received signals under conditions of the Doppler frequency shift and “short” probing pulses. A method for generating signals in virtual receiving channels using an encoder only on the transmitting side and without a decoder on the receiving side is proposed. The use of various codes is investigated and their effectiveness is compared. For direction finding of targets, the method of the minimum polynomial of the correlation matrix of the received signals is applied. The method involves assessing the degree of the minimum polynomial of the correlation matrix of the input process in the AR based on a statistically valid root-mean-square criterion. This method allows adaptive estimation of the number of signal sources and has a super-resolution function. In contrast to the known works, the main attention is paid to the case of a short sample of the input process, when the number of samples is less than the dimension of the virtual AR. In this case, the sample correlation matrix is degenerate. The results of numerical modeling are given for the accuracy of azimuth measurement and the probability of correct resolution of two targets. A natural experiment was carried out. The presented results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed concept, high accuracy of azimuth measurements, and the possibility of super resolution of two targets in the case of a short sample.

MetaLangCORP: Presenting The First Corpus Of Media Metalanguage In Slovene, Croatian And Serbian, And Its Cross-Discipline Applicability

Growing interest in meta-language, in linguistics and other disciplines, has highlighted a gap in metalanguage corpora and analytical resources, which remain among the scarcest in corpus-linguistic developments so far. This paper is aimed at making a step towards filling this gap, both by presenting our own metalanguage corpus resource and using it in a short sample analysis to discuss the applications of such resources in linguistics and social sciences. Specifically, the paper presents for the first time MetaLangCORP, a multi-element corpus of contemporary media metalanguage in languages of three post-Yugoslav states, linguistically annotated and made available open-access at the CLARIN repository of linguistic resources. To put the corpus in context, the meaning and relevance of metalanguage research is outlined, the existing efforts at compiling corpora of metalanguage are reviewed, and a sample preliminary analysis of MetaLangCORP keywords is presented to open a broader discussion on the potential applicability of metalanguage corpora. More broadly, it is hoped that making this kind of data available will prompt more nuanced analyses of metalanguage, as well as more corpus-building efforts along similar lines in Slavic and other linguistic scholarship.

'Y Gogleddwynt a'r Haul': early transcriptions of Welsh in Le Maître Phonétique

A traditional fable 'The North Wind and the Sun' was used for many years in the journal Le Maître Phonétique as a short sample text to illustrate the phonetic characteristics of a range of different languages, and as part of this activity several different Welsh versions of the fable were published. One, which reflects a speaker with a northern accent speaking in a formal register, appeared as early as 1911 and then again, slightly modified, in 1912 and 1949. Two further versions, reflecting informal, dialect usage in the Bala district and in Aber- porth in Cardiganshire, appeared in 1926. This paper explores what light these transcriptions shed on the spoken language, and asks how the phoneticians who made them came to be involved.

Collectively engaging with theory in environmental education research

In this article, we collectively explore the significance of engaging with theory in environmental education research. Inspired by Jackson and Mazzei’s (2011) postqualitative research methodology, each researcher provides a short sample of engaging with his/her chosen theoretical concept for one shared data source. Through our three individual theoretical engagements with a short video, we collectively demonstrate that the data may be enacted in different ways, based on the theoretical concept that is engaged. This may potentially actualise multiple different and partial realities of the researched, and by decentring the researcher, this can also rework humanist epistemologies. We suggest that non-researcher-centred and/or non-anthropocentric actualising may contribute to more sustainable relationships in environmental education and its research, not only between the researcher and the researched, but also among the researchers.

Conductivity Characterizationof Iron Oxide Doped 8 mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia

A facile strategy was proposed to incorporate the dopant Fe into 8YSZ-based material, which can be potentially applied as solid electrode materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). In this study, 8YSZ powder was investigated in terms of densification, conductivity and thecrystal structure as a solid electrolytes. Therefore, varying mol% of Fe included 1, 2, and 3 were prepared for investigation. The crystalline structure of the pristine and Fe doped samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the phase contents were evaluated by using the Rietveld method. Rietveld quantitative phase analysis demonstrates that the monoclinic-ZrO2phase increases (12.8 wt% to 39.7 wt%) as the concentration of Fe increases, while the amount of tetragonal-ZrO2phase drop (40.4 wt% to 11.9 wt%) dramatically. Sintering activity was applied to improve incorporation of the 8YSZ powder and the dopant Fe where the relative density increases from 77% to 92%. Sample YSZ-2Fe has been fitted with CPE equivalent circuit and achieved 6.251 x 10-6S/cm at 300 °C in air. However, it was found that conductivity levels decreased as the mol% of Fe increased. In short, sample YSZ-2Fe ceramic demonstrated good results in terms of densification (92.09%), cubic ZrO2phase (22 wt%) and conductivity 6.251 x 10-6S/cm.

Miniaturized Biomedical Sensors for Enumeration of Extracellular Vesicles

In this research, we have realized a rapid extracellular vesicle (EV) quantification methodology using a high field modulated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility (HEMT) biosensor. The unique sensing structure facilitated the detection of the sub-cellular components in physiological salt environment without requiring extensive sample pre-treatments. The high field operation of GaN HEMT biosensor provides high sensitivity and wide dynamic range of detection of EVs (107–1010 EVs/mL). An antibody specific to the known surface marker on the EV was used to capture them for quantification using an HEMT biosensor. Fluorescence microscopy images confirm the successful capture of EVs from the test solution. The present method can detect EVs in high ionic strength solution, with a short sample incubation period of 5 min, and does not require labels or additional reagents or wash/block steps. This methodology has the potential to be used in clinical applications for rapid EV quantification from blood or serum for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools.

Predicting data quality in biological X-ray solution scattering

Biological small-angle X-ray solution scattering (BioSAXS) is now widely used to gain information on biomolecules in the solution state. Often, however, it is not obvious in advance whether a particular sample will scatter strongly enough to give useful data to draw conclusions under practically achievable solution conditions. Conformational changes that appear to be large may not always produce scattering curves that are distinguishable from each other at realistic concentrations and exposure times. Emerging technologies such as time-resolved SAXS (TR-SAXS) pose additional challenges owing to small beams and short sample path lengths. Beamline optics vary in brilliance and degree of background scatter, and major upgrades and improvements to sources promise to expand the reach of these methods. Computations are developed to estimate BioSAXS sample intensity at a more detailed level than previous approaches, taking into account flux, energy, sample thickness, window material, instrumental background, detector efficiency, solution conditions and other parameters. The results are validated with calibrated experiments using standard proteins on four different beamlines with various fluxes, energies and configurations. The ability of BioSAXS to statistically distinguish a variety of conformational movements under continuous-flow time-resolved conditions is then computed on a set of matched structure pairs drawn from the Database of Macromolecular Motions (http://molmovdb.org). The feasibility of experiments is ranked according to sample consumption, a quantity that varies by over two orders of magnitude for the set of structures. In addition to photon flux, the calculations suggest that window scattering and choice of wavelength are also important factors given the short sample path lengths common in such setups.