Dramatyzacja tradycji. Dramaturgiczne konfrontacje z kanonem literackim

The article opens with a statement that dramaturgical creativity, long marginalized by literary studies, has returned to the area of its interest together with its researchers’ use of the achievements of performative and cultural turns. Taking these into account allows us to treat drama as a distinctive literary practice in which the reception of a text is exemplary. As the author claims, with the New Humanities, integrating scattered reading perspectives known to the history of literary studies into the horizons of New Positivity, dramatic studies enrich this standpoint and maintain a critical view making creative use of the antagonism of perspectives, confrontation of attitudes, conflict of qualities or different visions and ideas. The potential tensions revealed in the practice of active reading of a literary text in accordance with the dramatic matrix guarantee the positive effects of each act of engaged reading. The dramatization of tradition is a specific field of critical dialogue between the reader and the existing literary tradition. Three dramatic works by Jan Czapliński are indicated as examples of mediators for this dialogue. The work of this playwright presents and suggests a critical reading of the characters and works of Gabriela Zapolska, Henryk Sienkiewicz and Adam Mickiewicz, leading to the emancipation of their works that is situated beyond the framework of the discursively created, existing canon of contemporary Polish literature and culture. A critical view enriches and updates the canon. Dramatization, which allows the revaluation of existing values, appears as the basic category of contemporary art – revealing existing, usually ineffable conflicts and using them to build new, positive values.

Identifying the Problems EFL Students Encounter in Translating Adverbs from English into Arabic

While discussing the grammatical problems EFL learners confront in translating between languages, especially in translating adverbs as a basic category in English Grammar, it is significantly highlighting the difficulties these learners encounter and justifying the errors they make when translating adverbs and adverbial phrases from English into Arabic. Obviously, the errors are due to the fact that both languages at hand belong to two sharply distant language families and systems. In other words, language is culture-specific; what might be in one, might not be the same in the other, this leads to the ambiguity and misunderstanding of adverbs real contextual meaning, resulting the displacement of adverbs within sentences. Besides, Arab learners of English are sufficiently competent of English language and culture, thus English adverbs system and adverbial order, and their counterparts in Arabic which in turn affect their translation into their native. The study, therefore, suggests some strategies to be employed by Arab learners when translating English adverbs into Arabic. However, it is hypothesized that EFL students at the undergraduate level have confusion in understanding the adverbs contextual meaning or in other words their sentential meaning, thus err when translating these adverbs from English into Arabic. To prove the hypotheses of the study, two tests, of five sentences each, are set for fifty randomly chosen students at the undergraduate level to do; the first test is set to re-place the adverbs properly within sentences; whereas the second is set to translate English adverbs into Arabic contextually. Then the data of the study are analyzed and the results of the tests are evaluated to show how sentence meaning is affected by the misplacement and mistranslation of adverbs and adverbial phrases. In addition, to prove that the deficiencies in translation are due to the dissimilarities between English and Arabic adverbs meaning and order, and Arabic learner

EVALUASI KINERJA GURU BIOLOGI DENGAN MODEL KERANGKA PENGAJARAN DANIELSON

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Biology teachers in East Sumba Regency. This research is an evaluation research that uses a quantitative approach. The total population of the study was 44 biology teachers, with a sample of 20 teachers. The data collection technique used a questionnaire based on the teaching framework rubric by Charlotte Danielson. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive. The results of research in the domain of learning preparation, 45% of teachers are in the Basic category or good enough. In the domain of classroom environmental management, 70% of teachers are in the Proficient or good category. In the domain of the implementation of learning, 50% of the teachers were categorized as Basic or quite good. In the domain of professional responsibility, 55% of teachers are in the Basic category. These results indicate that the performance of Biology teachers in East Sumba Regency needs to be improved, especially in the domains of learning preparation, learning implementation and professionalism. Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Biology Teacher; Charlotte Danielson. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja guru Biologi di Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi penelitian adalah 44 orang guru Biologi, dengan sampel yang diteliti 20 orang guru. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner berdasarkan Rubrik kerangka pengajaran oleh Charlotte Danielson. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian pada domain persiapan, 45% guru berada pada kategori Basic atau cukup baik. Pada domain pengelolaan lingkungan kelas, 70% guru berada pada kategori Proficient atau baik. Pada domain pengajaran, 50% guru berkategori Basic atau cukup baik. Pada Domain Tanggungjawab profesional 55% guru berkategori Basic. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja guru Biologi Kabupaten Sumba Timur perlu untuk ditingkatkan khususnya pada domain persiapan pembelajaran, pengajaran dan profesionalitas. Kata kunci: Evaluasi Kinerja; Guru Biologi; Model Charlotte Danielson.

Sowing qualities of seeds of Echinacea Purpurea (L.) Moench

The energy of germination and laboratory germination of Echinacea purpurea seeds have been studied, as it is the sowing qualities of seeds that are the basis for successful reproduction of the species in culture. Peculiarities of germination of culture seeds depending on harvest terms are studied. It is noted that the seeds of 2017-2018 are not conditioned and are not recommended for cultivation in medicinal crops in order to obtain quality medicinal raw materials according to generally accepted standards, while the seeds of 2020 harvest have a fairly high quality and belong to the basic category. The article also presents data on the effect of disinfection with ethyl alcohol on the sowing qualities of Echinacea purpurea seeds, the tendency to increase germination energy and germination in the variant with treated seeds. Seeds, endowed with a high rate of laboratory germination, belongs to the category of original and is recommended for further propagation. Such seeds may have good field germination, although this figure will be slightly lower in any case, because the laboratory for growing seeds creates optimal conditions, which is not always possible in the field. This is usually associated with the influence of biotic and abiotic factors: temperature, humidity, light, conditions and timing of sowing, soil fertility, its infestation by pests and pathogens, and so on. In the course of studies of germination energy and laboratory germination, attention was paid to the degree of damage to the seeds of Echinacea purpurea by mold fungi. On average, when determining the energy of germination, the degree of damage by molds was weak, but when determining laboratory germination, a large degree of damage to achenes by molds was additionally manifested. When comparing the degree of fungal infestation of treated and non-disinfected seeds, we noted a low degree of infestation (for disinfected achenes) and a medium degree of infestation (for non-disinfected seeds). When determining the germination energy of disinfected echinacea seeds, the signs of purple lesions were generally invisible.

The Value as a Basic Category of Domestic Constitutional Axiology

The paper is devoted to one of the most debatable issues of modern constitutional axiology, namely: the definition of the nature, essence and role of values. The author consistently reveals the significance of the category “value” in a philosophical discourse, in general axiology of law, and in the context of constitutional law. For constitutional axiology, the category of “value” appears as a multifaceted phenomenon, for which there is no common understanding today. The paper provides for differnt ways of solving this difficult task by philosophers of law and constitutionalists, i.e. to give an optimal definition of the category “a constitutional value”. Scholars determinate constitutional values through the categories of “purpose”, “priority”, “principle”, “ideal”, “idea”, “goal”, etc. On the basis of an assessment of existing approaches, the author defines her standing concerning the content of constitutional values and proposes her own definition of this basic category based on the attitude to values of the constitutional order as ideal models of the human, social and state development, acting as criterion used in the implementation and interpretation of the Constitution to achieve balanced constitutional protection of the human being, his rights and freedoms, the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of all members of the society, as well as defence of the country and security of the State.

Towards a Global Hedonism

This chapter argues that, of all alleged values of any kind, only pleasure is of ultimate axiological significance. It begins with the suggestion that absolute value—the value some item has through possessing a lower-order evaluative property that makes the world in which it is instantiated good—is foundational. Pleasantness is characterized as a basic category of phenomenal consciousness, and the charge of reductionism against hedonism based on this conception is refuted. Defences of hedonism against various forms of objection that it is counter-intuitive are modelled on an analogy with defences of consequentialism, and the general position is then applied to moral, aesthetic, and epistemic value. It is claimed that those attracted by the parsimony and elegance of welfarism (the view that the fundamental value is well-being) might find these qualities within hedonism in particular.

Names of places

The thesis advanced in this paper is that the proper names of cities or countries inherit the linguistic types of the nouns which denote the basic category of the objects the names refer to. As a result, in the case of the proper names of cities or countries, a reference by those names may select particular aspects of those objects, in the same way that book or newspaper selects the physical or informational aspects of objects in the extension of the nouns. This view is based on Asher’s and Pustejovsky’s conception of dot type semantics.

Documentation as acceptance of accounting and digitalization

The article is devoted to the problem of justifying a uniform approach to the fundamental basic category of accounting – documentation. The relevance is due to the need for terminology to match the changes taking place in its subject of research - the economic life of an economic entity. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the interpretation of accounting reception "documentation", "documenting", based on educational publications of leading scientists, current regulatory documents in the field of management documentation. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the interpretation of accounting reception "documentation", "documenting", based on educational publications of leading scientists, current regulatory documents in the field of management documentation. As a result, the author formulates the concept of "documentation", which contains features that correspond to the modern understanding of the role and significance of this accounting technique in the formation of accounting information.

MEDIA TEXT AS A BASIC CATEGORY OF MEDIA LINGUISTICS: PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFICATION, DELIMITATION, AND TYPOLOGY

Статья посвящена исследованию медиатекста в контексте многообразия научных подходов. Определены основные концепты, в которых себя представляет феномен данного текста. Предпринята попытка определить основные контексты существования медиатекстов, что позволяет выделить социально-культурное поле бытия медиатекста, установить его социально-историческую обусловленность. Рассмотрена типология указанного вида текста. The article deals with the study of media text in the context of a variety of scientific approaches. The main concepts in which the phenomenon of this text represents itself are defined. An attempt is made to determine the primary contexts of the existence of media texts, which allows identifying the socio-cultural field of the existence of the media text, establishing its socio-historical conditionality. The typology of this type of text is considered.