A Metamaterial based Monopole antenna for Satellite based Navigation Applications

A metamaterial-based monopole antenna which resonates at L (L1 and L5) and S band for the IRNSS applications is described. The antenna has a low profile and is nearly is four times smaller in size than a conventional patch antenna. The multifrequency behavior is realized using a reactively loaded structure for the monopole antenna resulting in operation at both monopole and dipole modes. The monopole resonates at S Band and the dipolar mode resonance at L5 band. The novelty of the configuration is in realizing an additional band by introducing small square slot in the loaded structure. Copper wires are used to balance the current between the two ground at the antenna and the CPW feed line. The performance of the antenna is evaluated using ANSYS HFSS.

A Metamaterial based Monopole antenna for Satellite based Navigation Applications

A metamaterial-based monopole antenna which resonates at L (L1 and L5) and S band for the IRNSS applications is described. The antenna has a low profile and is nearly is four times smaller in size than a conventional patch antenna. The multifrequency behavior is realized using a reactively loaded structure for the monopole antenna resulting in operation at both monopole and dipole modes. The monopole resonates at S Band and the dipolar mode resonance at L5 band. The novelty of the configuration is in realizing an additional band by introducing small square slot in the loaded structure. Copper wires are used to balance the current between the two ground at the antenna and the CPW feed line. The performance of the antenna is evaluated using ANSYS HFSS.

PL Study on the Effect of Cu on the Front Side Luminescence of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells

The effect of Cu on highly efficient CdTe thin solid film cells with a glass/TCO/CdS/CdTe structure subjected to CdCl2 treatment was investigated by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL). The PL of the CdS/CdTe junction in samples without Cu deposition revealed a large shift in the bound exciton position due to the formation of CdSxTe1−x alloys with Eg (alloy) ≅ 1.557 eV at the interface region. After Cu deposition on the CdTe layer and subsequent heat treatment, a neutral acceptor-bound exciton (A0Cu,X) line at 1.59 eV and two additional band-edge peaks at 1.54 and 1.56 eV were observed, indicating an increase in the energy gap value in the vicinity of the CdTe/CdS interface to that characteristic of bulk CdTe. These results may suggest the disappearance of the intermixing phase at the CdTe/CdS interface due to the presence of Cu atoms in the junction area and the interaction of the Cu with sulfur atoms. Furthermore, an increase in the intensity of CdS-related peaks in Cu-doped samples was observed, implying that Cu atoms were incorporated into CdS after heat treatment.

Toxocara vitulorum cuticle glycoproteins in the diagnosis of calves' toxocariasis

Aim: The current study was designed to isolate and characterize Toxocara vitulorum glycoprotein antigens and then to evaluate its potency in accurate diagnosis of toxocariasis. Materials and Methods: T. vitulorum glycoprotein fractions were isolated using Con-A affinity chromatography. The fractions characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and immunoblot assay. Mass spectrometric analysis was used for identification of proposed structure of the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) fraction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the diagnostic potential of the isolated fractions. Results: Surface of T. vitulorum adult worm revealed two glycoprotein fractions rich in glucose (Glc) and GlcNAc. Three bands of molecular weight 212kDa, 107 kDa, and 93 kDa were detected in Glc fraction by SDS-PAGE. These bands were also detected in GlcNAc fraction with an additional band of 49 kDa. GlcNAc fraction showed more diagnostic potency of calves' toxocariasis; 79% than Glc fraction; 46.9% by indirect ELISA. The additional band of 49 kDa in GlcNAc fraction is probably responsible for its higher diagnostic potentials. Western blotting verified the immunoreactivity of the Glc and GlcNAc isolated fraction as they reacted with calves sera infected with toxocariasis. The proposed structure of GlcNAc fraction was Ser-Meth-Arg-O-methylated GlcNAc. Conclusion: GlcNAc-rich fraction of T. vitulorum can be successfully utilized in the diagnosis of calves' toxocariasis.

Copper-Containing Magnesioferrite in Vesicular Trachyandesite in a Lava Tube from the 2012–2013 Eruption of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

Cu-rich magnesioferrite was found in vesicular basaltic trachyandesite in one of lava tubes (Duplex) that formed during the 2012–2013 eruption of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka. This mineral is commonly associated with hematite, tenorite, halite, sylvite, and Ca-rich silicates (mainly, esseneite and Na-rich melilite) in high-temperature (800–1000 °C) reactionary zones (up to 100 µm) covering vesicular rocks and lava stalactites in the Duplex tube. The mineral relationships of this assemblage indicate the following crystallization sequence: Ca-rich silicates + hematite → Cu-rich magnesioferrite → tenorite → chlorides. This formed due to the reaction of hot gases containing Cu, alkalis, and Cl with solidified lava rock. The composition of magnesioferrite varies strongly in CuO (5.8–17.3 wt %; cuprospinel end-member—15–47 mol %), whereas the contents of other oxides are minor, indicating the main isomorphic substitution is Mg2+ ↔ Cu2+. Compositions with maximal CuO content nominally belong to Mg-rich cuprospinel: (Cu0.48Mg0.41Mn0.09Zn0.02Ca0.02) (Fe3+1.94Al0.03Ti0.02)O4. Increasing CuO content of the Duplex Cu-rich magnesioferrite is reflected in Raman spectra by moderate right shifting bands at ≈700–710 and 200–210 cm−1 and the appearance of an additional band at 596 cm−1. This supports the main isomorphic scheme and may indicate a degree of inversion in the spinel structure.

A possible mechanism for the emergence of an additional band gap due to a Ti–O–C bond in the TiO2–graphene hybrid system for enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light

Efficient visible light photodegradation of methylene blue using TiO2–graphene based composites has been reported.