scholarly journals Single concentrations of particulate matter PM2,5 and PM10 in the lower layers of the atmosphereof Tobolsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Roman Yu. Pozhitkov
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
City Center ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. The aim of the work is to determine the single concentrations of particulate matter in the lower layers of the atmosphere of Tobolsk. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the amount of PM2,5 and PM10 in various functional zones of the city; to create schemes for the quantitative distribution of suspended particles throughout the city; to localize areas with high levels of pollution for further monitoring; to analyze the influence of certain meteorological indicators (temperature and humidity air) on the content of suspended particles. The measurements were performed according to the repeatedly tested method using the AIR TESTER CW-HAT 200 device. It is established that in the lowers air layers of Tobolsk the content of PM2,5 and PM10 is low, the average geometric values are 5 and 7 ug/m3, respectively, which is significantly lower than the established maximum single concentrations for this indicator. The lowest values were found in the industrial and utility and storage zones, the highest values were found near the highway zone and in the city center, which suggests that the main source of PM2. 5 and PM10 is vehicles. Two sites with an increased level of pollution by suspended particles were localized. There were no significant correlations between PM2,5 and PM10 concentrations and air temperature and humidity.

scholarly journals The basic characteristics of the Belgrade’s heat island

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Temperature Minimum ◽  
City Center ◽  
Climatic Period ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The City

The urban heat island, as a phenomenon due to the higher air temperature in the cities as compared to their immediate surroundings, represents the most important consequence of the urbanization influence on the topoclimate. As compared to the smaller cities in its surroundings, Belgrade's average annual temperature is from 0,4 to 1,0 ?C higher (period 1961-1990). A very liable index of the Belgrade's heat island is the air temperature measured at the airport in Surcin. In the period from 1971-1990. average annual air temperature at the airport was 11,2 ?C, and in the city center it was 0,7 ?C higher. Belgrade has a higher absolute minimal temperature than its surroundings during every month. In the last climatic period the absolute temperature minimum in Belgrade was even 5,4 ?C higher than the highest value measured within this parameter in its wider surroundings (Veliko Gradiste -26,4 ?C). In the above mentioned twenty years period the absolute air temperature minimum in Surcin was -26,0 ?C, and in the city center only -18,2 ?C. The number of the frosty days at the airport was 77,8, and in Belgrade 58,2. Although the heat island of Belgrade was formed together with formation of the city, it was more evident at the beginning of the 20th century (0,4 ?C). During the next five to six decades a faster intensity growth was recorded (up to 0,9 ?C). This coincides with the period of the population growth as well as with development of the city activities, industry above all. During one year the intensity of the Belgrade's heat island reached its maximum in winter. In January the city, as compared to Surcin, was warmer for about 1,0 ?C, and in September for only 0,1 ?C. The daily variations of the heat island are such that it reaches its highest intensity during the evening hours (at 9 p.m. 0,9 ?C). If the average values of the extreme daily temperatures are being examined, one can see a distinct difference: average city minimums are 1,5 ?C higher than the airport minimums, while the maximums are only 0,2 ?C higher. During winter, in concrete anticyclonic conditions, it can be 10 ?C warmer in the city than in the immediate surroundings. Together with the perennial growth of heat island intensity, its "space range" also expands. The space structure of the heat island is very distinct. Exceptions in the temperature values between certain points of measurements in the winter morning hours can go up to 6-8 ?C.

Effect of Green Wall Modules on Air Temperature and Humidity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Abdo ◽  
B. P. Huynh ◽  
Vahik Avakian
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Green Wall ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Insulation Effect

Green or living walls are active bio-filters developed to enhance air quality. Often, these walls form the base from which plants are grown; and the plant-wall system helps to remove both gaseous and particulate air pollutants. They can be classified as passive or active systems. The active systems are designed with ventilators which force air through the substrate and plant rooting system, therefore the air is purified and filtered through a bio-filtration process which also acts as a natural cooling system. Their benefits include temperature reduction, improvement of air quality and reduction of air pollution, oxygen production as well as the social and psychological wellbeing. They can produce changes in the ambient conditions (temperature and humidity) of the air layers around them which create an interesting insulation effect. The effect of green wall modules on the air temperature and on humidity is investigated in this work. A closed chamber made of acrylic sheets is used to monitor the temperature and humidity variation caused by a green wall module placed at its center. A fan positioned at the back center of the module drives air at ambient conditions and direct it into the module. Temperature and humidity are measured at different locations inside the chamber during operation for different modules with different plant species. The effect of changing the surrounding ambient conditions is also investigated.

scholarly journals ОЦЕНКА УРОВНЯ ОЗЕЛЕНЕНИЯ ГОРОДА БИРОБИДЖАНА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МУЛЬТИСПЕКТРАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.М. Фетисов ◽  
Д.В. Жучков ◽  
М.В. Горюхин
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage

The urban greenness distribution between functional areas of a medium-size city Birobidzhan was assessed. To this end, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were calculated based on Sentinel 2 multispectral imaging. Birobidzhan is characterized by a large scatter of NDVI values (from –0.5 to +1). Areas with high levels of greenery are prevalent. They are found in different types of functional zones, but are specific mainly to natural recreational, agricultural, and individual build-up zones as well as to special areas. The spatial distribution of green infrastructure is highly contrast. The downtown part as well as the industrial and storage zones feature a combination of built-up areas with dense woody vegetation, which is often represented by fragments of preserved natural vegetation. In addition, a feature of the contrast is that low level of tree greenness is characteristic for the built-up districts of the city. Thus, in the city of Birobidzhan, ecological functions are largely performed by the natural vegetation present in the natural recreational zones on 70% of the city's area.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Extent of Particulate Matter Emissions of a Ropeway Public Mobility System in the City Center of Perugia (Central Italy)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Beatrice Moroni ◽  
Stefano Crocchianti ◽  
Federica Bruschi ◽  
Chiara Petroselli ◽  
Alessandro Di Menno di Bucchianico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
City Center ◽  
Mobility System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Minimetrò (MM) is a ropeway public mobility system that has been in operation in the city of Perugia for about ten years to integrate with urban mobility and lighten vehicular traffic in the historic city center. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of MM as a source of pollutants in the urban context, and the exposure of people in the cabins and the platforms along the MM line. These topics have been investigated by means of intensive measurement and sampling campaigns performed in February and June 2015 on three specific sites of the MM line representative of different sources and levels of urban pollution. Stationary and dynamic measurements of particle size distribution, nanoparticle and black carbon aerosol number and mass concentrations measurements were performed by means of different bench and portable instruments. Aerosol sampling was carried out using low volume and high-volume aerosol samplers, and the samples nalysed by off-line methods. Results show that MM is a considerable source of atmospheric particulate matter having characteristics very similar to those of the common urban road dust in Perugia. In the lack of clear indications on road dust effect, the contribution of MM to the aerosol in Perugia cannot be neglected.

Effect of Passive Green Wall Modules on Air Temperature and Humidity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Abdo ◽  
B. P. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Green Wall ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
Insulation Effect ◽  
Green Walls

Green walls are bio-filters developed to enhance air quality. Often, these walls form the base from which plants are grown; and the plant-wall system helps to remove both gaseous and particulate air pollutants. Green walls can be found indoors or outdoors and they are classified as passive or active systems. Their benefits include temperature reduction, improvement of air quality and reduction of air pollution, oxygen production as well as the social and psychological wellbeing. They can produce changes in the ambient conditions (temperature and humidity) of the air layers around them which create an interesting insulation effect. The effect of passive green wall modules on the air temperature and on humidity is investigated in this work. A closed chamber made of acrylic sheets is used to monitor the temperature and humidity variation caused by a green wall module placed at its center. Temperature and humidity are measured at different locations inside the chamber during operation for different modules with different plant species.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentrations within the Urban Area of Athens, Greece

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Najam ◽  
Konstantinos Moustris ◽  
Panagiotis Nastos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

The main objective of this work is to investigate the temporal variation of PM10 concentrations within the urban area of Athens during the years 2001-2015. For this purpose, the time series of the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm (PM10) is recorded for a 15-year period (2001-2015) in two different monitoring stations located in the urban area of Athens. The results show a totally different behavior of PM10 concentrations between the Athens city center and the suburban areas. It seems that in the city center the main sources of PM10 are traffic and heating systems especially during the cold period of the year. Furthermore, in the city center a significant seasonal variation was found with high concentrations during the cold period of the year and lower concentrations during the warm period of the year. Moreover, it was found that during the weekends, there is a decrease in PM10 concentrations probably due to the fact that majority of people do not use their vehicles. Finally, for both locations a significant temporal decreasing trend of the mean annual PM10 concentrations was found which indicates that during the last years, there have been improvements towards a better air quality.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TIPE TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP IKLIM MIKRO DI KOTA BITUNG

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3A) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorri Y. J. Sanger ◽  
Rino ., Rogi ◽  
Johan A. Rombang
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

This study aimed to analyze the effect of land cover types to micro-climate of and analyze the effect microclimate to the trees and open land towards amenities environment for human. The City of Bitung has selected as a research site because it planned for mega projects. They are Special Economic Zones (KEK), International Relations Ports and Manado-Bitung Highways. The research used primary and secondary data. The parameters measured for each land cover includes the elements of microclimate namely: Air Temperature, Humidity and Solar Radiation. Data analysis using techniques T test, F test and Analysis of amenities based on the data of air temperature and humidity, it can be calculated by Temperature Humadity Index (THI). The measurement results microclimate taken at four different land cover that is at the city park, Central Business District (CBD), housing and industry. The results of this study prove the hypothesis that there are differences in the average value of the temperature and humidity in the trees, open land. Tree vegetation structures more effectively reduce the air temperature. The structure of the vegetation canopy of trees that have rounded and more densely branched patterns, height being between 6-10 m and serves to overshadow proved more effective in improving amenities in the surrounding area. Based on the value of THI, all land cover both parks, CBD, residential and industrial categorized uncomfortable because the average is at a value> 27. Housing area has very little green space. One of the efforts to improve the quality of the microclimate in order to enhance the user experience is to provide a good environment garden by planting vegetation predominant tree combined with shrubs and grasses to balance and harmonize between buildings and the environment also have aesthetic value. In the industrial area, the high levels of air pollution resulting from the production process so that recommended a good landscape arrangement, by expanding area of town forest and planting vegetation of trees that can absorb large numbers of pollutants result in healthy and fresh air for the region.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF SPORT AND EDUCATIONAL COMPLEXES

2020 ◽  
pp. 248-259
Author(s):  
Yaryna Onufriv ◽  
Kseniia Bevziuk
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Complex World ◽  
City Center ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
New Type ◽  
Functional Blocks ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

In today's dynamic and complex world, as never before, the design of multifunctional complexes is relevant in architectural activities. Their multifunctionality determine the development of new typological structures. Accordingly, there was a need to design a new type of multifunctional complexes, namely sports and educational complexes, which would combine training and sports in one building or group of buildings. The analysis of foreign and domestic experience of designing typologically similar complexes showed that sports and educational complexes are conditionally divided into two groups: complexes with a dominant educational function and complexes with a dominant sports function. On the basis of the comparative analysis of designed complexes it is possible to draw conclusions about existence of certain common and different receptions of the functional-planning organization depending on whether the sports or educational function dominates. There are several types of locking schemes for different functional zones: - blocked complexes with adjacent arrangement of different functional blocks (either horizontally or at different levels); - location of functional blocks in separately located buildings; - mixed type. The modern sports and educational complex should be designed taking into account the needs of young people, as well as complex economic circumstances, which in turn involves the application of the principles of compactness, functional flexibility and versatility. Foreign experience in designing such facilities shows that cultural and business components are also involved in sports and educational functions, which will ensure the profitability of such a public institution and the possibility of its location in valuable areas in the city center.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Inhalable Particulate Matter Pollution in Beijing City during 2007-2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1580-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Lin Xiong ◽  
Wen Ji Zhao ◽  
Zhao Ning Gong ◽  
Wen Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
City Center ◽  
Inhalable Particles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Mean Concentration

Inhalable particles (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) have become the primary air pollutants in Beijing, seriously affecting visibility of the city , quality of the urban environment and the health of residents. To reflect the spatial and temporal variability condition of inhalable particles systematically in Beijing city in recent years , particulate matter of 0.3, 0.5,1.0, 3.0 and 5.0μm in heated period during 2007~2011 and non-heated period during 2007~2012 were measured in the field, statistical analysis about them was conducted . And spatial analytical method was used to study their distribution pattern. The results show that: (1) Differences of particle number concentration between heated period and non-heated period,were mainly reflected in PM0.3and PM1.0.The mean concentration of PM0.3(9.5E+07/ m3) in heated period was 2 times more of that (4.3E+07 /m3) in non-heated period. By contrast, the mean concentration of PM1.0(5.6E+06/m3) in non-heated period was 27% more than that (4.4E+06/m3) in heated period ; while concentration of other size was not very different. (2) The highest air pollution concentrations of particulate during non-heated period are in Fengtai District and Chaoyang District, which are respectively in the south and east of Beijing, followed by the city center . While the pollution in Shijingshan Dstrict in the west and Haidian District in the north was relatively lighter. (3) In heated period, the air particulate pollution of Beijing city was mainly concentrated in the east and southeast of Chaoyang District, as well as the city center and its surrounding area.

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