Effect of Foot Orthoses and Shoes in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A PRISMA Systematic Review

Reduced plantar foot sensation, postural instability, and gait difficulties are characteristic of Parkinson´s disease patients. A systematic review was carried out to determine the effect of the different types of insoles and shoes in these patients. Several databases were used to search for relevant articles reporting Parkinson´s disease patients undergoing treatment with any type of insole and footwear. All titles and abstracts were reviewed independently by two reviewers and the available data were extracted. The study eligibility criteria were any type of experimental study that included Parkinson’s disease patients treated with any type of insole or footwear. Eight studies were selected. Interventions used were textured insoles, footwear modifications, and habitual footwear. Three different outcomes were evaluated in each study: gait parameters, balance, and plantar sensation. According to the data available from this systematic review, the most important conclusion is that more controlled studies are needed in this research field. There are indications to suggest that textured insoles have positive effects on gait parameters, balance, and plantar sensation in Parkinson’s disease patients.

PKM Penguatan Regimen Terapeutik Penderita Diabetes Mellitus dengan Senam DM, Konseling, Pemeriksaan Sensasi Kaki dan Diabetic Neuropathy Symptomps

Complications from diabetes mellitus can be prevented by strengthening the therapeutic regimen of people with diabetes mellitus. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to support government programs in handling non-communicable diseases especially diabetes mellitus through effective community-based strategies to improve the quality of life for people with DM. The targets in this PKM are people with diabetes who are members of the prolanist program under the auspices of the Bangetayu Community Health Center in Semarang. The method of implementing PKM is the empowerment method which is carried out through several stages, namely socialization, implementation of activities, as well as monitoring and evaluation. The results in this program are increased knowledge of people with DM in understanding the concept of physical activity training for DM patients and diabetic neuropathy symptoms and their prevention, increased ability to practice physical activity with DM exercises from 10% to 80%, participants with diabetes know the results of examination of decreased foot sensation and the appearance of signs symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. The PKM follow-up is that people with diabetes can check their feet sensation and enhance the therapeutic regimen periodically to prevent DM complications. It is hoped that they can maintain physical activity training.

PENGARUH PIJAT KAKI TERHADAP RESIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Falling in the elderly is the most common thing in the elderly. Therefore the elderly need the right intervention to prevent falls. Foot massage is one of the interventions that can help the elderly overcome these health problems. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of foot massage on the balance of the elderly by looking at the duration of time used, the benefits of giving foot massage, instrument of assessment of balance. Methods: The method of searching articles through electronic databases based on PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online, and Google Scholars. Result: The results of a review of six articles consisting of two Randomized Control Trial (RCT) studies and four Quasi-Experiment studies discussed the effectiveness of foot massage on balance. Given the length of time for giving foot massage for 10 minutes for each foot, the most effective assessment of fall risk is to use TUG measurement, as well as some benefits of foot massage including increasing balance which is significantly demonstrated by increasing TUG, increasing flexibility and function balance of ankle joints, and can be a viable alternative treatment for performance improving balance, foot ROM, and foot sensation in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: foot massage is very useful to be done in the elderly to improve health status and can prevent the risk of falling Keywords : Foot Massage, Balance, risk of falling, elderly

Effects of Physical Exercises on Peripheral Neuropathy Sensation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background - The most common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes is peripheral neuropathy. Physical exercise is one of the effective Prevention and treatment strategies of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. Aims and objectives - The aim of this review articles is to describe the effectiveness of physical exercise on peripheral neuropathy sensation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods - A number of databases such as Science Direct, Springer Link, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as “type 2 diabetes”, AND “peripheral neuropathy sensation” OR “diabetes peripheral neuropathy" AND “physical exercises” OR “aerobic exercises” OR “resistance exercise”. All types of articles were included for the study, such as systematic reviews, randomized controlled trial, quasi-experiment, literature review, and pilot study with the range 2015-2020. Only articles in English are included in this review. Results - Of the 11 articles found, 9 articles showed that physical exercise had a direct effect on improving foot sensation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients, while the other 2 articles had an indirect effect on improving symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Four types of physical exercise that are practiced in interventions are: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, balance and flexibility exercise and a combination of two or more types of exercise. Physical exercise from low to moderate intensity has a positive effect on increasing foot sensation in patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions – This review emphasizes the effect of physical exercise on peripheral neuropathic sensation in type 2 DM patients and strengthens the evidence that low and moderate-intensity exercise are beneficial to reduce peripheral neuropathy symptoms. Further research on the effectiveness of home and community-based physical exercise to reduce symptoms of peripheral neuropathy is necessary.

Using The Booklets "Raka" (Rawat Kaki) In Preventing Diabetic Neuropati In Mataram City

One complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is diabetic neuropathy and requires ongoing treatment with a Strategy to reduce the risk of complications. Efforts to prevent one of them by doing regular diabetic foot care. Foot care is considered easy and can be done by the patient independently, but has not been fully carried out by the patient. The purpose of this research is to determine the use of a book in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy in the city of Mataram. This research used a quasi-experiment with a pre-test design post-test group design with a control group. The group was divided into two treatment groups of 30 respondents and the control of 30 respondents was divided by drawing and used purposive sampling. Data collected were foot care behavior using the NAFF questionnaire, foot sensation using monofilament, and foot circulation using an ankle-brachial index. Statistical analysis uses paired T-Test, Independent T-Test, Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test, and Mann Whitney Test. The results obtained have a significant effect on the use of Booklet Raka in preventing diabetic neuropathy in the treatment group by carrying out treatment behavior with p = 0,000 while the control group p = 0.091. Significant increase in circulation only in the treatment group with a value of p = 000 the control group p = 0.863. Foot sensation increased significantly only in the treatment group with a value of p= 0.001 the control group p = 0.445. it can be concluded that the use of Booklet Raka is influential and effective in preventing diabetic neuropathy by carrying out foot care behavior, foot circulation, and sensation in diabetics.

Evaluation of Plantar Foot Sensation, Balance, Physical Performance, and Fear of Movement in Substance Use Disorders

Background Neuropathologic changes may occur in the nervous system due to long-term substance use, leading to functional disability with altering of balance. We know little about substance-related mechanisms that can cause movement disorders. This study investigated the effects of plantar foot sensation and balance on physical performance as an effect of substance use in detoxified patients. Methods Twenty-three users of cannabis, volatile agents, or narcotic/stimulant agents alone or in combination for at least 1 year (mean age, 27.6 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age, 24.6 years) were included. Participant evaluations were implemented immediately after the detoxification process with psychiatrist approval. Depression, state-trait anxiety, and fear of movement levels were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. Plantar foot sensations were evaluated with light touch, two-point discrimination, and vibration examinations. Balance was assessed with balance software and a balance board and force platform. Balance path, balance path distance, and center of pressure were recorded. Physical performance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in the final step. Results There was a significant difference in two-point discrimination of patients versus controls (P < .05). Significant differences were also found in balance values, particularly in the sagittal direction (P < .05). TUG test results of patients compared with controls showed a negative influence on physical function (P < .05). Conclusions Detailed examination should be performed to understand movement disorders in substance users. Herein, substance users had impaired two-point discrimination and sagittal balance reciprocally. Thus, customized physiotherapy approaches to substance users should be considered to improve their movement disorders.

Outpatient vs Home Management Protocol Results for Plantar Fasciitis

Background: We compared the effectiveness of stretching and strengthening exercises combined with myofascial releasing and mobilization techniques to a stretching and strengthening only home program in plantar fasciitis (PF) management. Method: The study included 53 feet of 47 patients with plantar fasciitis (35 women / 12 men; mean age 48.9±11.2 years). Pain, disability, and activity restrictions were assessed by Foot Function Index (FFI), and first step pain was graded by visual analog scale (VAS). Ankle range of motion (ROM), gastrocnemius-soleus flexibility, proprioception, dynamic balance, and foot sensation were also considered. The patients were randomly divided into outpatient clinic treatment (Outpatient, n = 27 feet) and home rehabilitation groups (Home, n = 26 feet). Patient education was routine for all at the beginning of the management programs. In the Outpatient group, the foot-ankle-hip exercise program, myofascial releasing, and joint and soft tissue mobilization techniques were “hands on” at a clinic (twice a week for 8 weeks), whereas the Home group completed their home rehabilitation program on their own (8 weeks’ duration with follow-ups every week). Results: VAS, FFI, ROM, balance, proprioception, foot sense, and flexibility improved at the eighth week in both groups according to intragroup comparison ( P < .05). When the 2 groups were compared, the results of plantar flexion range, balance, proprioception, foot sensation, flexibility, FFI, and VAS showed significant improvements in the Outpatient vs the Home group ( P < .05). Also, the FFI and VAS scores at the sixth month were superior in the Outpatient group ( P < .05). Conclusion: A combined supervised management protocol had superior clinical results in plantar fasciitis management. Level of Evidence: Level II, comparative study.