Theoretic and experimental research on the possibilities for moderning and reabilitating the extraction installation of the Slănic Prahova salt mine

The paper deals with the subject of rehabilitation and mechanical modernization of the extraction plant within the mining operation of the salt mine from Slanic Prahova region. The extraction plant serves the 23 August mine shaft of the Unirea mine, and also this mine has been converted into a tourist mine. The rehabilitation of the extraction installation consists in the change of the cutting wheels from the extraction tower due to excessive degradation, requiring the redesign under strict conditions, and also the rehabilitation and extension of the saline water extraction system from the tourist mine. The modernization of the extraction plant consists in the change of the DC hoist engine with an asynchronous engine of the same energy power and research on the possibilities of increasing the cable transport capacity with technical changes made to the extraction tower, mine shaft and the sump. Modernization and rehabilitation carried out on the extraction installation at the Slanic Prahova salt mine, will provide a safety in operation and efficiency to using the necessary electricity for hoist engine operations.

PROSPECTS FOR OBTAINING FOOD ADDITIVES FROM LEAVES AND FLOWERS

Использование продуктов переработки зеленой массы базилика как природного консерванта позволяет придавать пище оригинальный вкус и аромат, продлять срок ее хранения. Оценены перспективы получения пищевых добавок из листьев и соцветий базилика эвгенольного и базилика обыкновенного. Применен комплексный подход к переработке сырья, включающий получение эфирного масла, сухих пищевых добавок, СО2-экстракта. Исследован фракционный состав эфирного масла паровой перегонки из свежего сырья базилика эвгенольного и базилика обыкновенного с выходом 0,45 и 0,32% соответственно. Выход сухой пищевой добавки из свежего сырья базилика эвгенольного при мягких температурных режимах составил 9,25%, а базилика обыкновенного – 10,5%. Модернизирована экстракционная установка для получения СО2-экстрактов за счет внедрения пилотных устройств, позволяющих предварительно оценивать содержание экстрактивных веществ в поступающем сырье, а также устройств подготовки хладоагента и теплоносителя. Установлены режимы работы СО2-экстракционной установки: рабочее давление 5464–6289 кПа, температура процесса экстракции 18–24°С, продолжительность обработки одной загрузки сырья 4–4,5 ч. Выход СО2-экстракта из сухого базилика эвгенольного составил 3,2%, а из базилика обыкновенного – 2,8%. Даны рекомендации по использованию продуктов переработки растительного сырья базилика в качестве натуральных пищевых добавок. The use of basil green mass processing products as a natural preservative allows you to give food an original taste and aroma, prolong its shelf life. The prospects of obtaining food additives from the leaves and inflorescences of eugenol basil and basil vulgaris are evaluated. A comprehensive approach to the processing of raw materials has been applied, including the production of essential oil, dry food additives, and CO2-extract. The fractional composition of steam-distilled essential oil from fresh raw materials of eugenolic basil and ordinary basil with a yield of 0.45 and 0.32% respectively investigated. The yield of a dry food additive from fresh raw materials of eugenolic basil under mild temperature conditions was 9,25%, and ordinary basil – 10,5%. The extraction plant for producing CO2-extracts has been upgraded through the introduction of pilot devices that allow preliminary assessment of the content of extractive substances in incoming raw materials, as well as devices for the preparation of refrigerant and coolant. The modes of operation of the CO2-extraction plant are set: operating pressure 5464–6289 kPa, extraction process temperature 18–24°C, processing time of one load of raw materials 4–4,5 hours. The yield of CO2-extract from dry eugenolic basil was 3,2%, and from ordinary basil – 2,8%. Recommendations on the use of basil vegetable raw materials processing products as natural food additives are given.

Bio-synthesis of itaconic acid as an anti-crease finish for cellulosic fiber fabric

A bio-synthetic process of itaconic acid production based from EPOFB, waste from oil extraction plant, was characterized and used for an anti-crease finish for cotton fabric.

Monitoring of the Environmental Technogenic Hazard of the Oil Extraction Plant

In Ukraine there is a tendency to increase the number of man-made emergencies, which directly affects the state of the environment and the population. Particularly dangerous situations are formed in case of disturbance of objects with high risk conditions, which include oil extraction enterprises. Observing the state of the environment and the operation of technological equipment at such enterprises, warning of the risk of emergencies that are hazardous to human health and the environment, are the basis and task of monitoring. The results of engineering and ecological analysis of the state of ecological and technogenic danger on the example of private joint-stock company «Kropyvnytskyi oil extraction plant» are presented in the work. The main probable factors of its formation at each technological stage of production are established. The sources of environmental and human hazards are technological equipment and materials. Pollutants of land, water and atmospheric air are dust of vegetable origin and meal, solvent of hexane and its vapors, carbon dioxide and washing solution - soda ash, etc. Expert evaluation of the main production operation - oil extraction was carried out in detail. The extraction process is the main production operation for both press oil and extraction oil, as well as cake and meal. The results of the study can be used to clarify the program of monitoring the sources of technogenic and environmental risk at high risk facilities, planning activities and means of improving the resilience of the enterprises of the industry, preventing emergencies and minimizing their consequences. Awareness enhances management efficiency and minimizes environmental and population risks.