scholarly journals Kuntowijoyo’s Social Prophetics and The Theological Paradigms in Islam

Al-Ulum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Muammar ◽  
Marhaban ◽  
Miswari Miswari ◽  
Ismail Fahmi Arrauf Nasution

This article illustrates the stagnation of classical theology and the possibility of constructing prophetic Islamic theology with the social prophetics foundation is built by Kuntowijoyo. The stagnation of classical theology is the main reason for the importance of developing scientific theories, especially social prophetics to answer the problems faced by Muslims. The Kuntowijoyoan Social Prophetics as the conceptual foundation has a humanization, liberation and transcendence orientation. The aiming of this article is to review the philosophical foundations of social prophetics that have a very deep philosophical foundation ranging from philosophy, theology and classical Sufism in Islam as the Indonesian Muslim intellectual ideology today

Author(s):  
Jhonatan Dhimmy Fraga Macedo ◽  
Pedro Adalbeto Gomes de Oliveira Neto

Abstract: this paper aims to discuss the philosophical foundations of Psychology. Here, the cartesian and hegelian paradigms will be questioned. They, according to Farr (2013), are fundamental milestones in the constitution of Psychology as an area of knowledge. In this sense, it is initially proposed to present the Cartesian paradigm and its consequences in the social and human sciences, in general, and in Psychology, specifically. In a second moment, will be presented the philosophical paradigm inaugurated by Hegel as a more social and relational alternative to the cartesian model. Finally, a discussion will be made of how this hegelian paradigm - especially its historical dialectic and the indeterminate principle - is in line with the proposals of modern scientific theories, and can contribute to solve some theoretical problems that such areas have faced.Os Paradigmas Cartesiano e Hegeliano como Bases Epistemológicas da Psicologia SocialResumo: esse trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a discussão acerca dos fundamentos filosóficos da Psicologia. Aqui, serão interrogados os paradigmas cartesiano e hegeliano, que, segundo Farr (2013) são marcos fundamentais na constituição da disciplina enquanto área do saber. Nesse sentido, inicialmente se propõe realizar uma apresentação do paradigma cartesiano e suas consequências nas ciências sociais e humanas, em geral, e na Psicologia, especificamente.Nesse momento se argumentará como tal paradigma contribui para a individualização da Psicologia Social, mostrando quais as consequências teóricas e culturais disso. Num segundo momento será apresentado o paradigma filosófico inaugurado por Hegel como uma alternativa mais social e relacional ao modelo cartesiano. Por fim será feita uma discussão de como o paradigma hegeliano – especialmente sua dialética-histórica e o princípio indeterminado – está em consonância com as propostas de algumas teorias científicas modernas, e pode contribuir para solucionar alguns engodos teóricos que tais áreas tem enfrentado.


Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor

Chapter 10 provides a summary of the argument of the book. It elaborates some of the benefits of Literalism, such as less conceptual confusion and an expanded range of entities for research that might illuminate human cognition. It motivates distinguishing the questions of whether something has a cognitive capacity from whether it is intuitively like us. It provides a conceptual foundation for the social sciences appropriate for the increasing role of modeling in these sciences. It also promotes convergence in terms of the roles of internal and external factors in explaining both human and nonhuman behavior. Finally, it sketches some of the areas of new research that it supports, including group cognition and artificial intelligence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4001
Author(s):  
Undrakh Zagarkhorloo ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Liesbeth Dries ◽  
Buyanzaya Batjargal

Improving household livelihoods through tourism, while at the same time achieving the goals of conservation, remains a challenge in high-value nature areas around the world. This paper studies a herder-community-based tourism system in Mongolia in light of these challenges. The social–ecological system (SES) framework was used as a conceptual foundation. The generic SES framework was adapted to the case of the herder-community-based tourism system. The adapted framework was then used to assess the economic, ecological, and social objectives of the herder-community-based tourism system characterised by natural resources and cultural landscapes. Primary data collection included interviews with key informants in the tourism sector: tourism researchers, representatives of donor projects, managers of tour operators, and guides. Based on their responses, the study site was selected in the buffer zone of the Hustai National Park, which is a protected area. Respondents in the second stage of interviews were herders who participate in herder-based tourism and who live in the vicinity of the protected area. Results show that the SES framework is able to diagnose the sustainability of the herder-community-tourism system, but sustainability outcomes indicate an imbalance between social, economic, and environmental performance. The herder-community-based tourism system is successful in conserving wildlife and habitats; however, the distribution of revenues gained from tourism shows that only a small and inequitable share reaches the herder community.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
T.B. Tauyekelova ◽  
◽  
G.O. Abdikerova ◽  

The main issue discussed in the article is the social responsibility of business. The article provides various definitions of the category of social responsibility. The concept of "social responsibility of business" is a multilevel and complex category. Responsibility includes ethical categories such as morality, duty and charity.The article examines the theoretical aspects of scientific approaches to corporate social responsibility, analyzes classical and modern scientific theories and concepts. The factors influencing the growing importance of corporate social responsibility in society, issues related to the role of business in the formation of a voluntary society are considered.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Azhar Ibrahim

This paper highlights and evaluates the significance of an emerging social theologicaldiscourse in contemporary Muslim Southeast Asia. It emerged partlyas a response to the traditional Islamic theology inasmuch as the revivalistdakwah activism that became prominent since the 1970s. This emerging discourseis part of the continuity and extension of the reformist voices whichhave evolved since the late 19th century. As a theology, it puts discourse aboutGod as its premium but extend its focus on the social dimension of faith inGod, of the social message of the religion, and the social responsibility of theman and community of faith in God, and to their fellow human beings. Todaythere are several books and articles written which can be classified as belongingto this genre of social theology. In Indonesia this discursive theologycan be found in rational, humanistic, transformative cultural, and the oppressedtheologies. It opens a wider realm of participation and engagement,where theology is no longer the exclusive affairs of experts, but inclusive of thelay intellectuals who are not necessarily from a strictly religious background.It also enables the Muslim public to comprehend critically and to cope creativelywith rapid social change, and its attendant problems. Theology is, afterall, a human enterprise, albeit it’s strong religious commitment. To harnessthe potentiality of the social theology, calls for its recognition. Herein lies the need to start studying and engaging them discerningly, or to advance its criticaldimensions for the benefits of the larger Muslim public.Paper ini menyoroti dan mengevaluasi pentingnya wacana teologi sosial yangmuncul dalam periode kontemporer Muslim Asia Tenggara. Teologi sosialmuncul sebagian sebagai tanggapan terhadap teologi Islam tradisional karenaaktivisme dakwah revivalis yang semakin menonjol sejak tahun 1970-an. Wacanayang muncul di sini merupakan bagian dari kontinuitas dan perluasan suarareformis yang telah berkembang sejak akhir abad ke-19. Sebagai teologi, teologisocial menempatkan wacana utama tentang Tuhan tetapi memperluas fokusnyapada dimensi sosial iman kepada Allah, pesan sosial agama, dan tanggungjawab sosial dari komunitas iman kepada Allah, dan terhadap sesama manusia.Saat ini ada beberapa buku dan artikel yang ditulis yang dapat diklasifikasikansebagai milik genre teologi sosial. Di Indonesia teologi diskursif ini dapatditemukan dalam teologi-teologi rasional, humanistik, budaya transformatif,dan teologi kaum tertindas. Ini membuka sebuah dunia yang lebih luas bagipartisipasi dan keterlibatan, di mana teologi tidak lagi urusan eksklusif paraahli, tetapi termasuk para intelektual awam yang tidak harus berasal dari latarbelakang agama secara ketat. Hal ini juga memungkinkan masyarakat Muslimuntuk memahami secara kritis dan kreatif dalam mengatasi perubahan sosialyang cepat dan problem yang muncul. Di luar itu semua, teologi sosial adalahurusan manusia, dengan komitmen keagamaan yang kuat. Untuk memanfaatkanpotensi dari teologi sosial, diperlukan panggilan untuk pengakuan. Di sinilahletak kebutuhan untuk mulai mengkaji dan melibatkan teologi sosial, ataumengedepankan dimensi kritis dari teologi sosial agar bermanfaat lebih besarmasyarakat Muslim.


Author(s):  
Guntram H. Herb

Geographers have not been prominent in studying peace movements. This is not surprising, given the strong foundations of the discipline in warfare and imperialism. To date, the only general geographic survey of peace movements appears to be Brunn’s 1985 study, a catalog of peace organizations and their activities that covered mainly the United States. Other studies by geographers are few and focus on individual antiwar campaigns or disarmament strategies. However, more recently, geographers have made significant contributions to the analysis of the broader theoretical context of peace movements. These works offer spatial conceptualizations of social movement mobilization. A general appraisal of the geographic dimensions of peace movements is still missing. This chapter represents a tentative step in this direction. The examination is conducted in four steps. The first section deals with general characteristics of peace movements. It discusses problems of definition and presents the intellectual and philosophical foundations of peace activities. The second section approaches the geography of peace movements from a historical perspective. It examines the development of organized peace groups from their origins in the nineteenth century to the present. Different scales of the changing geopolitical and societal contexts will frame the discussion. Such a geohistory will allow us to identify and interpret changing intensities of activism. The third section addresses the geography of contemporary peace movements from a conceptual viewpoint. Armed with theoretical concepts from the recent literature on social movements, it examines the places and spaces of mobilization. The 1980s peace movement against nuclear armaments will serve as a case study to illustrate the insights that can be gained from a geographic approach. Finally, I will present the major implications that stem from the geohistorical and conceptual discussions in the conclusion. Peace is more than the absence of war. Though it is traditionally defined as the opposite of war, peace scholars and activists now embrace a notion of peace that includes the conditions necessary to bring about a nonviolent and just society at all levels of human activity. Contemporary peace movements not only seek to abolish the overt violence of war, but also struggle to transform the social structures responsible for death and human suffering.


2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Yuimirin Kapai

The article attempts to examine the conceptual foundation of the self, mind and personhood in the traditional thoughts of the Tangkhul Nagas and the social implications and cultural models that shaped these conceptualisations. Partly constrained by the scarcity of written accounts, I have closely looked at the language usage, etymology of words and cultural practices of the community. Ning (‘mind’) is the central concept. Rich embodied expressions associate thoughts and emotions with certain internal organs of human body. The soul resides in the liver, luck in the brain and feelings in the heart. Ning is said to be acquired. This raises the question of whether the acquisition of ‘mind’ strictly refers to an acquisition of the mental faculty or does it include social norms and other skills. Drawing from the philosophy of Mead, the central argument is that the self, mind and ‘significant symbols’ conflated in the idea of personhood.


2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Cacioppo ◽  
Louise C. Hawkley ◽  
Edith M. Rickett ◽  
Christopher M. Masi

Scientific theories in the natural sciences posit invisible forces operating with measurable effects on physical bodies, but the scientific study of invisible forces acting on human bodies has made limited progress. The topics of sociality, spirituality, and meaning making are cases in point. The authors discuss some of the possible reasons for this as well as contemporary developments in the social sciences and neurosciences that may make such study possible and productive.


Author(s):  
Jonathan Schad

With paradox moving toward a meta-theory, research is increasingly drawing on its rich philosophical foundation. These include diverse fields such as dialectics, existentialism, and logic, each of which emphasizes different aspects of paradoxes. However, discussions have mostly focused on single philosophical aspects, potentially leading to an incomplete and polarized view of paradox and hindering cross-fertilization. At worst, this development turns into reproducing “paradigm wars.” To avoid this, I introduce the main philosophical foundations dealing with different aspects of paradox, and interpret them as lenses. As such, I link them to paradox research in management, provide a systematic overview, and highlight avenues for future research.


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