Comparison of four species diversity indices in mangrove community

Mulya H, Santosa Y, Hilwan I. 2021. Comparison of four species diversity indices in mangrove community. Biodiversitas 22: 3648-3655. Mangrove communities have a tidal environment that affects their species composition, which may be finite but the abundance may vary between species individuals. Many ecologists have used indices to measure species diversity without knowing the best suitable index for the community and its statistical characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to compare species diversity indices in mangrove communities to obtain the best and most appropriate index for mangrove diversity. The comparison was done using the Simpson (1-D), Shannon, Menhinick, and Margalef indices, which were widely used and considered the best measures in various communities. The data was obtained from the field sampling using a single plot of 80×40 m2, and then it was simulated to obtain standardized variables so that the indices got the same treatment. It was calculated with descriptive statistics and species diversity indices among other Simpson, Margalef, Shannon, and Menhinick indices. Pearson correlation and UPGMA cluster were used to get conformity based on the best index criteria. The results showed the Margalef index was the best in performance that passed the assessment criteria more than Simpson (1-D), Shannon, and Menhinick index. It had a low correlation with sample variance and normality marker but had high variability of the index value. It was also sensitive to the number of species, good reduced individual sample, and good correlation with similar indices. Thus, we concluded that the Margalef index was the best index for mangrove community diversity measurement. The index was recommended for monitoring and evaluating the species diversity assessment for the mangrove community. It should not use several species diversity indices with similar meaning.

A Study on Species distribution and Diversity of Macro-Fauna of River Tawa - A Tributary of River Narmada in Madhya Pradesh, India

This study is aimed to collect information about the macrofauna diversity of Tawa River. The Tawa River joins to Narmada at district Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh). During the study 8 sites were selected for the investigation . collections of samples were done from the eight sampling sites of the river. Collected samples were identified up to species level and their diversity and richness were analyzed. Shannon index for diversity and margalef index for richness were used for the study.Total 48 taxa of macrofauna have been recorded from the identified sampling stations. Benthic fauna of phylum Arthropoda was found in dominant position in the study and phylum Mollusca was found in second position.

Effect of four pre-planted cover crop species on weed control and population dynamics

The present research was conducted to assess the competition of four cover crop species including the Festuca ovina L., Festuca rubra L., Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Shultes, and Bromus tomentellus Boiss with the weeds as well as enhancement of their establishment. B. tomentellus with 7.7 and 8.73 t h–1 had the highest dry weight production in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In 2016, the highest reduction in the dry weight of the weeds (73%) was observed for the F. ovina, at the rate of 600 g active ingredient per ha–1 of herbicide. In 2017, the highest reduction in the dry weight of the weeds (90%) was recorded at the rate of 600 g active ingredient per ha–1 of herbicide for the. Dry weight of the dominant weeds decreased by 70% approximately with the and at the rate of 600 g active ingredient per ha–1 of herbicide. Shannon Wiener index decreased in all the treatments following the increase in the herbicide concentrations in 2016 and 2017. The interaction of cover crop species and herbicide on the Margalef index was significant in all the treatments in 2016 except for A. desertorum, as well as A. desertorum and in 2017. Margalef index reduced following the increase in the herbicide concentration in all the treatments. Highlights - Bromus tomentellus Bioss and Festuca ovina L had the highest biomass production. - Bromus tomentellus (90%) and Festuca ovina (73%) treatments had the highest decrease in total weed dry weight compared to control. - The highest reduction in dry weight of total dominant weeds was influenced by B. tomentellus and Festuca ovina 73% and 83% at the rate of 600 g a.i. ha–1 of Bromocide M.A. EC respectively. - Margalof index reduced following the increase in herbicide concentration in all treatments. - Bromus tomentellus, Festuca ovina has the potential for reducing weeds in orchards and croplands.

MARGALEF INDEX, SIMPSON INDEX AND SHANNON-WEAIVER INDEX CALCULATION FOR DIVERSITY AND ABUDANCE OF BEETLE IN TROPICAL FOREST

Field sampling was conducted from July to August 2019 to determine the diversity and abundance of beetle fauna at Gayo Lues Forest, Takengon, Central Aceh. The study was conducted at two sites namely trail I and trail II. The beetles were sampled using 2 light traps, 2 malaise traps and 20 pitfall traps. Total of 219 beetle specimens comprising of 67 species from 24 families were collected. Light trap collected the most number of beetles (N=117) and Margalef index showed that the most abundant beetle was collected by light trap (Margalef index, 27.551). Shannon-Weiner index shows that the most specious beetle was caught by light traps (4.399). The results showed that the most efficient trap was light trapping. Trail I has the most abundance (Margalef Index: 18.572) but trail II was the most specious (Shannon Weiner Index: 4.176) beetle fauna, whereas trail II has the least abundance (Margalef Index: 17.295) and Campsite has least diverse (Shannon Weiner Index: 3.769).The most abundant family caught was Staphylinidae (Margalef index : 2.667) and specious beetle family caught was the Chrysomelida (Shannon Weiner : 1.846) followed by the ground beetle family Scarabaeidae (Shannon Weiver:1.828). Result of this findings showed that Gayo Lues Forest is an undisturbed forests and has been preserved well.Keywords : Beetle, Diversity, Abundance, Takengon, Gayo

Assessment of water quality in the upper parts of Wisłoka River (south Poland) by using macrozoobenthos

In October 2017, macrozoobenthos samples were collected on six positions in the upper parts of the Wisłoka River. Based on them, the quality of water purity was assessed and the purity classes were assigned to them using the BMWP-PL method and the Margalef index. The quality of waters in Wisłoka is unsatisfactory - the most common result of the quality assessment is the 3rd and 4th water purity class. This result is much worse than the assessment of the water quality of the upper parts of the Jasiołka River and the Ropa River using the same water quality method. These rivers are similar physiographically and situated near Wisłoka.

The variation of bird diversity in different land cover at oil palm plantation: case study at Asm Oil Palm Estate in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

The expansion of oil palm plantation has been claimed as a major driver of biodiversity loss in the tropics, including birds. To date, only a few studies have been conducted to document the variation of bird diversity in different land cover within oil palm plantation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the research to investigate the variation of bird diversity. The objective of this study to identify the diversity of bird in different land cover within oil palm plantation. The observation of bird diversity was done in young stand of oil palm, old stand of oil palm, smallholder oil palm and in secondary forest as high stock carbon as natural reference before converting in to oil palm. The survey was done in August 2017 in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data of bird species were recorded by direct observation using transect method. To calculate the diversity value of birds at different land cover, we used Margalef Index (Dmg) and Comunity similarity (IS). The result showed that the number of species and species diversity was highest at high carbon stock area which the number of species was 25 species and Margalef Index was 5.99. The young stand of oil palm have the highest evenness index (0.93), while the highest similarity index was observed in old stand of oil palm and in smallholder oil palm. Our study concludes that the existence of high carbon stock areas within oil palm plantation had a positive influence in increasing bird diversity. From a conservation perspective, retaining of natural habitat such as high carbon stock within oil palm plantation is one strategy to conserve biodiversity.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Amfibi untuk Mendukung Kegiatan Ekowisata di Desa Braja Harjosar Kabupaten Lampung Timur

Amphibian life in nature is an interesting case which can be an ecotourism interest. The life cycle as well as the uniqe behaviours of the amphibi, is an interesting case to support the ecotourism activities. This research intends to determine the richness of amphibian minds, the diversity of amphibian kinds, and the amphibian distribution in order to support the ecotourism activities and to determine the society perception in utilizing the amphibi for the ecotourism activities. A combination of line transect method and Visual Encounter Survey method were used to know the species richness diversity and the distribution. One score one indicator quisioner was used to know the society perception against the amphibi to support ecotourism. The research was conducted in Braja Harjasari Village, East Lampung Regency during March to April 2017. Data analyzing was used a Shannon-wiener and Margalef index. The sosciety perception was analyzed descriptively and showed in a chart. The result showed that the amphibian richness was 0,6 which mean low, the diversity was 1,0 which meant medium, the shannon-wiener and margalef index was 0,9 which mean low community was stable and each kind of the amphibi was distributed equally. The society perception against the amphibi to support the ecotourism activities was mostly positive.

Biodiversity indexes in relation to soil properties in upland fir forests (Abietetum albae)

The aim of this study was to present the relationship between soil properties and biodiversity indexes in upland fir (Abies alba) forest associations (Abietetum albae). Our study was conducted in six areas representing the growth conditions of upland fir forests and the research plots were located in the Roztoczański and Świętokrzyski National Parks as well as Przedbórz, Radomsko, Piotrków and Janów lubelski Forest District. on every plot, the topography was described, soil cores were examined and samples for laboratory analysis were taken. the following characteristics were determined for the soil samples: ph, c, n, ca, Mg, na and K content, particle size, exchangeable acidity, aluminum content and hydrolytic acidity. additionally, enzyme activity in the soil samples (urease and dehydrogenase) was measured. in each test area, the stand characteristics were measured (diameter at breast height and height), floristic characteristics were described and the biodiversity indexes (Shannon, Simpson and Margalef indexes) were calculated. Different soil types (gleysols, Brunic arenosols, gleyic Podzols and hyperdistric cambisols) were recorded for the investigated forest stands and the soils were categorized according to soil texture, c content, enzyme activity and different humus types (moder-mor, moder, moder-mull). the upland mixed coniferous forest sites were characterized by lower biodiversity indexes (2.6 shannon index; 0.72 simpson index; 4.9 Margalef index) while the upland mixed broadleaf forest sites showed higher indexes (3.3 Shannon index; 0.87 Simpson index; 9.4 Margalef index). The site index obtained for the fir stands confirmed these results.

Mangrove Diversity along the Coast of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra

<p>The present paper deals with the study of mangrove diversity along different sites of Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra, India. Height of the plants, Importance Value Index and various indices viz. Simpson’s index, Shannon-weaver index and Margalef index were determined. Maximum height was recorded from Chinchkhari site (8.76 meters). It was observed that the <em>Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina</em> and <em>Ceriops tagal</em> species showed the highest Importance Value Index from respective sites. Based on ecological indices, Narayanmali site was found to be rich in diversity while other sites are encroached and destructed mostly by anthropogenic activities. The piece of work is significant in comparing the diversity at micro level by monitoring periodically for future programs. </p>

BIODIVERSITY OF MOLLUSKS AT ELA-ELA BEACH, SEKOTONG LOMBOK BARAT INDONESIA

<p>Ela-ela beach has wide seagrass ecosystem with sandy substrate. Sea grass is a habitat of various invertebrates including mollusks. Some mollusks live by burrowing in substrate and attaching to seagrass leaves. A study of mollusks diversity of Ela-ela Beach, Sekotong Lombok Barat regency NTB was conducted on July 2012. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and diversity of mollusks. Parallel quadrate transect was applied as the sampling methods. Ninety two individuals were collected and identified, consisting of Gastropods (29 species), Bivalves (6 species). The most abundant species in this studied area were Trachycardium rugosum (18 individuals) and Pyrene scripta (17 individuals). The Diversity Index (H’) was 2.99, the Pielou Index (J) was 0.84, and the Margalef Index (d) was 17.31. Based on Odum (1994), the Diversity Index is moderate. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Mollusk, diversity, Ela-ela</p>