Force-Mediating Particle of Coupling of Spin Angular Momenta

In this paper, a hypothesis is proposed, that something similar to what happen to the puzzle of the energy losing in decay of neutron may also occur to the puzzle of the sum losing of the z-components of spin angular momenta in the synthetic course of spin coupling in Spin Topological Space. The former puzzle is related to hidden neutrial antineutrino that carries a small amount of energy away, the latter puzzle is related to hidden "constructive" zero-spin particle playing the role of a force-mediator that carries some amount of spin angular momentum, which just offsets the same amount of angular momentum losing in the formation of spin coupling.

Closed strings and weak gravity from higher-spin causality

We combine old and new quantum field theoretic arguments to show that any theory of stable or metastable higher spin particles can be coupled to gravity only when the gravity sector has a stringy structure. Metastable higher spin particles, free or interacting, cannot couple to gravity while preserving causality unless there exist higher spin states in the gravitational sector much below the Planck scale Mpl. We obtain an upper bound on the mass Λgr of the lightest higher spin particle in the gravity sector in terms of quantities in the non-gravitational sector. We invoke the CKSZ uniqueness theorem to argue that any weakly coupled UV completion of such a theory must have a gravity sector containing infinite towers of asymptotically parallel, equispaced, and linear Regge trajectories. Consequently, gravitational four-point scattering amplitudes must coincide with the closed string four-point amplitude for s, t ≫ 1, identifying Λgr as the string scale. Our bound also implies that all metastable higher spin particles in 4d with masses m ≪ Λgr must satisfy a weak gravity condition.

Group Theoretical Derivation of Consistent Free Particle Theories

The difficulties of relativistic particle theories formulated by means of canonical quantization, such as those of Klein–Gordon and Dirac, ultimately led theoretical physicists to turn to quantum field theory to model elementary particle physics. In order to overcome these difficulties, the theories of the present approach are developed deductively from the physical principles that specify the system, without making use of canonical quantization. For a free particle these starting assumptions are invariance of the theory and covariance of position with respect to Poincaré transformations. In pursuing the approach, the effectiveness of group theoretical methods is exploited. The coherent development of our program has shown that robust classes of representations of the Poincaré group, discarded by the known particle theories, can in fact be taken as bases for perfectly consistent theories. For massive spin zero particles, six inequivalent theories have been determined, two of which do not correspond to any of the current ones; all of these theories overcome the difficulties of Klein–Gordon one. The present lack of the explicit transformation properties of position with respect to boosts prevents the complete determination of non zero spin particle theories. In the past a particular form of these transformation properties was adopted by Jordan and Mukunda. We check its consistency within the present approach and find that for spin $$\frac{1}{2}$$ 1 2 particles there is only one consistent theory, which is unitarily related to Dirac’s; yet, once again, it requires classes of irreducible representations previously discarded.

GRAVITY AS RESULT OF REACHING A STABIE STATE OF A SYSTEM OF TWO BODIES

The structure of attraction of gravitational bodies is proposed. The hypothesis explains the organization of gravity in the interaction of bodies by means of" threads "of neutral dynamic" physical discretenesses " - DFD. For the role of DFD, the best thing at the moment of knowledge is an object-process of the spin particle type, which combines the elementary qualities of linearity and rotation. Minimal gravity is allowed to appear as a result of changing the state of a system of two interacting bodies based on a connection with a common source. It is assumed that a stable state -attraction formed in the case of similar," related" threads when all possible DFD interact

Black Hole Torsion Effect and Its Relation to Information

In order to study the effects of the torsion on the gravitation in space-time and its relation to information, we use the Schwarzschild metric, where the torsion is naturally introduced through the spin particle density. In the black hole scenario, we derive an analytic solution for the black hole gravitational radius with the spin included. Then we calculate its entropy in the cases of parallel and antiparallel spins. Moreover, four analytical solutions for the spin density as a function of the number of information are found. Using these solutions in the case of parallel spin, we obtain expressions for the Ricci scalar as a function of the information number N, and the cosmological constant lambda is also revealed.

Energy Transitions-Flip-Rate of Half Spin Particle by Magnetic Impurity in One Dimension

In this article, we considered the dependence of the rate of energy transition on various parameters and how the energy-transition -rate changes as a function of radius R. We observed that with increasing radius R, the energy-flip-rate decreases, which is perfectly consistent with a system approaching ferromagnetic order. Also the energy-transition-rate for different choices of the amplitude of the impurities, for a purely static potential scatter, no energy transition occurs, but for magnetic impurities, we observed a high peak in the energy-transition-rate for one particular amplitude of order 5  . Different profiles of energy-transition-rate (ETR) against frequencies and amplitude are drawn respectively, for angle , θ , with µBB0=0.5 and     x = R2 = 100 and different values of frequencies and amplitude.

The study of a half-spin relativistic particle in the rotating cosmic string space–time

In this paper, a charged half-spin particle depicted by the Dirac equation in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and a mixed potential are analyzed in the rotating cosmic string space–time. In order to facilitate this study, we assume that the symmetrical center of the potential is on the string and the magnetic field is parallel to the string. Based on the functional analysis method, we obtain the energy eigenvalues for different physical situations. It shows that the energy levels of the system depend explicitly on the angular deficit [Formula: see text] and the rotational parameter [Formula: see text] which characterize the global structure of the metric in the space–time of the rotating cosmic string.

Superluminal Tunneling of a Relativistic Half-Integer Spin Particle Through a Potential Barrier

This paper investigates the problem of a relativistic Dirac half-integer spin free particle tunneling through a rectangular quantum-mechanical barrier. If the energy difference between the barrier and the particle is positive, and the barrier width is large enough, there is proof that the tunneling may be superluminal. For first spinor components of particle and antiparticle states, the tunneling is always superluminal regardless the barrier width. Conversely, the second spinor components of particle and antiparticle states may be either subluminal or superluminal depending on the barrier width. These results derive from studying the tunneling time in terms of phase time. For the first spinor components of particle and antiparticle states, it is always negative while for the second spinor components of particle and antiparticle states, it is always positive, whatever the height and width of the barrier. In total, the tunneling time always remains positive for particle states while it becomes negative for antiparticle ones. Furthermore, the phase time tends to zero, increasing the potential barrier both for particle and antiparticle states. This agrees with the interpretation of quantum tunneling that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle provides. This study’s results are innovative with respect to those available in the literature. Moreover, they show that the superluminal behaviour of particles occurs in those processes with high-energy confinement.