Higher Childhood Adversity Reduces Environmental Satisfaction Among Older Adults

Abstract Background Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased physiological and psychological challenges in adulthood. Normal aging comes with changes that may put adults with a history of CA at increased risk of a poor quality aging experience. Because suitable person-environment fit is an important component of well-being, the present study explored two hypotheses: 1) Higher CA is associated with lower perceived neighborhood quality, and 2) Higher CA is associated with higher perceived inequality in home. Methods Using MIDUS 2011-2014 Refresher Survey (for this study, N=1,017 adults ages 55-76), Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients were run to explore the associations between a previously validated CA score and two environmental satisfaction indices. Perceived inequality in home comprised ratings on six items and perceived neighborhood quality comprised ratings on four items. Results Hypothesis 1: There was a significant positive association between the perceived inequality in home and cumulative CA, rs(998) = .200, p < .001. Hypothesis 2: There was a significant negative association between the perceived quality of neighborhood index and cumulative CA, rs(998) = -.182, p < .001. The strength of the associations were weak. Conclusions Higher cumulative experiences of CA were associated with increased feelings of home environment inequality, and decreased feelings of neighborhood quality. Significant differences were evident after decades had elapsed, demonstrating the long-lasting reach of CA. Further research exploring policy and practice approaches to mitigating the effects of CA is needed to allow aging adults to achieve better person-environment fit and equitable access to successful aging.

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Implications of Perceived Neighborhood Quality, Daily Discrimination, and Depression for Social Integration Across Mid- and Later Life: A Case of Person-Environment Fit?

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnz103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 661-671

Author(s):

Jeffrey E Stokes

Keyword(s):

Social Integration ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Neighborhood Quality ◽

Social Community ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Person Environment Fit ◽

Age Range

Abstract Background and Objectives Integration in one’s social community may depend in part upon feeling safe and secure within one’s physical community, or neighborhood. Moreover, high-quality neighborhoods may serve as a supportive resource, potentially “buffering” against the harmful influence of experiences such as discrimination or depression that could otherwise erode adults’ sense of belonging. This study examines longitudinal associations of perceived neighborhood quality, daily discrimination, and depression with social integration among midlife and older adults, and tests whether perceived neighborhood quality is of increased importance with age and/or in the contexts of discrimination and depression. Research Design and Methods Multilevel random intercept models analyzed 6,016 observations of 3,102 individuals drawn from the 3 waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS, 1995–2014). Results Perceived neighborhood quality was associated with greater social integration throughout adulthood, though its impact was slightly attenuated with age. Moreover, depression was harmful for social integration across the age range, yet its influence was significantly buffered by perceived neighborhood quality. Daily discrimination was not associated with social integration, net of covariates. Discussion and Implications Findings underscore the importance of physical place and person-environment fit for social well-being throughout adulthood, and confirm the deleterious effects of depression for adults’ social integration. Further, results highlight perceived neighborhood quality as a critical component for successful “aging in place,” particularly as a social resource adults may call upon in the context of depression.

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Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 125-134

Author(s):

Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽

Andreas Häusler ◽

Paul Gellert ◽

Johanna Nordheim

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Patient Autonomy ◽

Positive Association ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Association ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

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Effect of Career Adaptability on Subjective Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Employees

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2570

Author(s):

Makiko Takao ◽

Nobutaka Ishiyama

Keyword(s):

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Positive Association ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Career Adaptability ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Older Employees ◽

Two Factors

This study aimed to elucidate how career adaptability (CA) affects subjective well-being by focusing on the psychological adjustment of middle-aged and older workers. Two web-based surveys were conducted at 1-year and 3-month intervals with 3540 workers aged 40 to 64 years, including those eligible for both position-retirement and reemployment. Factor analysis of CA in the first wave extracted two factors “control and confidence” and “concern and curiosity”. Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for important covariates, was conducted with the overall CA and the two factors of CA as the independent variables, and scores of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) as the dependent variable. For satisfaction with life, only concern and curiosity had a significant positive association, while control and confidence had no significant association. Analysis by employment stage indicated that only concern and curiosity had a significant positive association with satisfaction with life, while control and confidence had no significant association with any employment stage. The results suggest that the effect of CA on satisfaction with life remains the same, even among those who are position-retired or reemployed at the end of their vocational lives, which is a transition period in their lives.

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Fertility Drugs Associated with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/7191704 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

QingAn Yu ◽

XiaoYing Lv ◽

KunPeng Liu ◽

DaKun Ma ◽

YaoHua Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Clomiphene Citrate ◽

Positive Association ◽

Female Infertility ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Fertility Drugs ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Thyroid Cancer Risk

Associations have been demonstrated between fertility drugs and a variety of hormone-sensitive carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fertility drugs used in the treatment of female infertility and the risk of thyroid cancer. To investigate the clinical significance of fertility drugs used for the treatment of female infertility and the risk associated with thyroid cancer, we performed a literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and EBSCOHOST for comparative studies published any time prior to July 21, 2017. The studies included women who were treated for infertility with fertility drugs, such as clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, or other unspecified fertility agents, which reported the incidence of thyroid cancer as the main outcome. Eight studies were included in the meta-analyses. Among women with infertility, there was a significant positive association between thyroid cancer risk and the use of fertility drugs (relative risk [RR] = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.64; P=0.002). Additionally, among women with infertility, the use of clomiphene citrate was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer compared to women who did not use fertility drugs (RR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.12–1.88; P=0.005). After pooling results, we found that the parity status of infertile women using fertility drugs was not associated with thyroid cancer risk (RR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.61–1.58, P=0.95). In summary, clomiphene citrate (the most commonly used fertility drug) and other fertility drugs are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.

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Emotional recovery following divorce: Will the real self-compassion please stand up?

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/02654075211047238 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026540752110472

Author(s):

Ronald F Chau ◽

Widyasita N Sawyer ◽

Jeff Greenberg ◽

Matthias R Mehl ◽

David A Sbarra

Keyword(s):

Positive Association ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Stream Of Consciousness ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Final Study ◽

Emotional Recovery ◽

Real Self

Self-compassion is a positive psychological construct associated with heightened well-being, but the construct is largely measured via self-report. In a study of divorcing adults ( N = 120), we sought to replicate and extend prior research on the association between self-rated and observed self-compassion, the linguistic cues associated with self-rated and observed self-compassion, and the predictive utility of observed self-compassion. Untrained observers rated participants’ stream-of-consciousness recordings about their marriage and separation experience. We found adequate consensus among raters of observed self-compassion and a significant, positive association between self-rated and observed self-compassion. Greater self- and observer-rated self-compassion were associated with less distress at baseline; however, only observed self-compassion was associated with less distress at the final study assessment. Discussion centers on the cues observers use to perceive self-compassion in others and the extent to which behavioral manifestations of affect may shape such ratings.

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Leadership Effectiveness and Psychological Well-being: The Role of Workplace Spirituality

Journal of Human Values ◽

10.1177/0971685820947334 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 097168582094733

Author(s):

S. Riasudeen ◽

Pankaj Singh

Keyword(s):

Leadership Effectiveness ◽

Positive Association ◽

Workplace Spirituality ◽

Job Involvement ◽

Well Being ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Work Outcomes ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship of leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being with the work outcomes of intention to quit, job involvement and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), and whether workplace spirituality plays a role in mediating the associations of leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being with work outcomes. The study is cross-sectional and non-experimental. Data were obtained from 630 information technology (IT) employees from South India, adopting ‘power calculations’. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 for Windows and LISREL version 8.72. Results reveal that leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being have a significant positive association with workplace spirituality, and this, in turn, has an impact on the work outcomes of intention to quit, job involvement and OBSE. Workplace spirituality can limit any negative associations of leadership effectiveness and psychological well-being with work outcomes. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge in the spirituality literature by drawing attention to the positive aspects of the interplay between spirituality, leadership transformation and well-being at work. The article concludes that building core values anchoring spirituality would lead to greater connectedness and healthier employee outcomes.

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Association between air travel and importation of chikungunya into the USA

Journal of Travel Medicine ◽

10.1093/jtm/taz028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tahmina Nasserie ◽

Shannon E Brent ◽

Ashleigh R Tuite ◽

Rahim Moineddin ◽

Jean H E Yong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

State Level ◽

Positive Association ◽

Air Travel ◽

The State ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Epidemic Period ◽

Imported Cases ◽

The Usa

Abstract Background: During infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential, the number of air passengers travelling from the outbreak source to international destinations has been used as a proxy for disease importation risk to new locations. However, evaluations of the validity of this approach are limited. We sought to quantify the association between international air travel and disease importation using the 2014–2016 chikungunya outbreak in the Americas as a case study. Methods: We used country-level chikungunya case data to define a time period of epidemic activity for each of the 45 countries and territories in the Americas reporting outbreaks between 2014 and 2016. For each country, we identified airports within or proximate to areas considered suitable for chikungunya transmission and summed the number of commercial air passengers departing from these airports during the epidemic period to each US state. We used negative binomial models to quantify the association between the number of incoming air passengers from countries experiencing chikungunya epidemics and the annual rate of chikungunya importation into the USA at the state level. Results: We found a statistically significant positive association between passenger flows via airline travel from countries experiencing chikungunya epidemics and the number of imported cases in the USA at the state level (P < 0.0001). Additionally, we found that as the number of arriving airline passengers increased by 10%, the estimated number of imported cases increased by 5.2% (95% CI: 3.0–7.6). Conclusion: This validation study demonstrated that air travel was strongly associated with observed importation of chikungunya cases in the USA and can be a useful proxy for identifying areas at increased risk for disease importation. This approach may be useful for understanding exportation risk of other arboviruses.

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Hypertension as a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

C D P Pagdanganan ◽

J Juangco ◽

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factor ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Positive Association ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

P Value ◽

Comorbid Condition ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Prediction Of Mortality ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) brought the majority of the world into a halt when it started to spread outside the virus epicenter in Wuhan, China. With the alarming increase in the number of cases and deaths worldwide, the possible risk factors should be determined in order to have a general idea on those who are more susceptible to have this disease. Hypertension, being one of the world's leading causes of noncommunicable diseases, was identified by the CDC to be one of underlying medical conditions that might pose an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of hypertension as a comorbidity in COVID-19 mortality. Materials and methods Participants included all patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, and have hypertension as their pre-existing medical condition. Studies were selected based on study design, participants, exposure, outcome, timing, setting and language. The following databases were searched from June to August 2020 for case control and cohort studies on MEDLINE and CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, OVID database, Wiley Online library, and UpToDate. The criteria for evaluation of risk of bias were based on the selection bias, comparability bias and outcome bias. All information gathered were collated and evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and CEBM. Results Individual studies all showed a significant relationship between hypertension and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Odds ratio ranging from 1.75 to 28.88, and hazard ratio ranging from 1.49 to 3.32 are present in the studies. For the data analysis, Mantel Haenszel method and random effects model was used for case control studies with odds ratio as effect measure; while Inverse variance method and fixed model was used for cohort studies with hazard ratio as effect measure. Both groups showed significant positive association between mortality and hypertension as a prognostic factor. Overall odds ratio is 5.25 (2.42–11.40) with a p value of <0.ehab724.23931, and the pooled hazard ratio is 2.21 (1.75–2.80) with a p value of <0.ehab724.23931. This shows that there is an increased risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients with hypertension as a comorbid condition. Conclusions Hypertension as a comorbid condition is a prognostic factor in the prediction of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The ten included studies showed that there is a significant positive association suggesting an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center College of Medicine Forest Plot HR Hypertension COVID

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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND SUNLIGHT ON THE RATE OF ELONGATION OF STEMS OF MAIZE AND GLADIOLUS

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr39c-039 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 17c (11) ◽

pp. 388-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. G. McCalla ◽

J. R. Weir ◽

K. W. Neatby

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Depressing Effect ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Effects Of Temperature

Measurements of the height of the main stems of maize and gladiolus plants were made at four-hour intervals starting at 4 a.m. The increases in elongation were analyzed statistically, together with mean temperature, hours of sunlight, and mean relative humidity.Partial correlation coefficients showed that there was a highly significant positive association between the rate of stem elongation (growth) and temperature, regardless of the time of day, the variations in temperature accounting for from 40 to 70% of the variability in growth rates. There was likewise a significant negative correlation between growth and sunlight, but sunlight was apparently effective only during the midday periods (8 a.m. to 4 p.m.). The depressing effect of sunlight on the growth of gladiolus was approximately four times as great as on maize. This depressing effect on maize was entirely removed by shading the plants with light white cotton.Variations in relative humidity were only slightly associated with growth rates. No significant effect was observed for any of the periods. It seems possible that these factors might be more important under conditions of deficiency in soil moisture.The approximate minimum temperature at which growth look place was 40° F.

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The Relationship between Coping and Spiritual Well-Being in a Group of South African Adolescents

Religion and Theology ◽

10.1163/15743012-12341239 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (3-4) ◽

pp. 265-297

Author(s):

Trevor Moodley ◽

Roelf B. I. Beukes ◽

Karel G. F. Esterhuyse

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Positive Association ◽

Well Being ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Global Score ◽

Spiritual Support ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Spiritual Well Being ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Using Scheffé tests, this study investigated any statistically meaningful association between coping and spiritual well-being in a group of South African adolescents from schools in Cape Town. The ACOPE instrument was used to measure coping in 12 coping strategies. Spiritual well-being was measured by the SWBQ instrument, which gives a global score and a score for each spiritual well-being domain. The results indicated a significant positive association, suggesting an important link between seeking spiritual support and transcendental spiritual well-being. In addition, a significantly positive association with medium effect, suggesting moderate practical importance, was found for developing social support and communal spiritual well-being.

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