ANALYSIS OF THE NEW NATIONAL STANDARD ON STANDARDIZATION AND UNIFICATION OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

Urgency of the research. On January 1, 2021, the national standard of Ukraine DSTU VP 15.111:2019 “System of development and supply for the production of armament and military equipment. Standardization and unification of armament and military equipment. Rules of carrying out works”. Analysis of the innovations of this standard and identification of problematic issues regarding its application is certainly relevant. Target setting. Features of application of the implemented national standard. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Due to the short-lived effect of the national standard, there is no information on research and publications on this issue. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The problem has not been studied in general. The research objective. The purpose of the research is to conduct an analysis to identify the main innovations of the national standard and identify problematic issues of its application in practice. The statement of basic material. A comparative analysis of the content of the national standard and the abolished interstate standards, to replace which it was introduced. It is also determined that the national standard assumes calculation on several types of indicators of standardization and unification, which give different results, but there are no recommendations on the choice of a specific type of indicator for calculation. Conclusions. The main features of the national standard in contrast to the previous interstate standards and the problematic issue, which is the choice of the type of quantitative indicator of unification and standardization of military products, which is confirmed by expert assessment.

Pathogenetic role of cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA in blood in the development of arterial hypertension

Изучение свободно циркулирующей митохондриальной ДНК (мтДНК) плазмы крови вызывает растущий интерес. Предполагается, что показатель мтДНК может быть перспективным клиническим биомаркёром оценки рисков течения заболеваний. Целью исследования явилась оценка взаимосвязи количественного показателя мтДНК со стадией заболевания и сердечно-сосудистым риском у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ). Методы. В исследовании участвовал 70 пациентов, которые были разделены на группу с АГ (n = 51) и контрольную группу практически здоровых пациентов (n = 19). Все пациенты подписали информированное согласие на обследование и обработку данных в рамках научного исследования. Проведена оценка демографических данных, длительности заболевания АГ, факторов риска, наследственности, уровня физической активности, антропометрических данных, лабораторное и инструментальное обследование. Оценка уровня мтДНК проведена методом количественной полимеразной цепной реакции. Использовали фрагмент мтДНК с праймерами FmtMinArc 5'-CTAAATAGCCCACACGTTCCC-3' и RmtMinArc 5'-AGAGCTCCCGTGAGTGGTTA-3'. Результаты. На основании проведенного исследования оценки взаимосвязи количественного показателя мтДНК в крови пациентов с АГ, выявлено, что независимо от стадии заболевания, достоверных различий в показателях уровня мтДНК не выявлено, однако отметим, что количество копий имело тенденцию к увеличению по сравнению с условно здоровыми пациентами. При анализе сердечно-сосудистого риска обнаружено, что количественный показатель мтДНК не зависит от стадии АГ. В то же время уровень мтДНК статистически значимо повышается у пациентов с АГ очень высокого сердечно-сосудистого риска по сравнению с условно здоровыми субъектами: Me (Q1; Q3) - 56731 (42531; 129375) копий/мл против 35156 (18325; 54956) копий/мл соответственно (p = 0,015). Заключение. Уровень мтДНК у пациентов с АГ может явиться маркёром сердечно-сосудистого риска. Учитывая ранее показанную патогенетическую роль уровня мтДНК при остром коронарном синдроме, следует продолжить анализ, чувствительность которого может быть повышена за счет включения количественных показателей содержания ядерной ДНК. Studying cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in blood plasma induces growing interest. It is assumed that an indicator of mtDNA may appear a promising clinical biomarker for assessment of the risks in the course of diseases. The aim of this study was evaluating the relationship between the quantitative indicator of mtDNA in the blood of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and the stage of the disease and the cardiovascular risk. Methods The study included 70 patients who were divided into a group with AH (n = 51) and a control group of apparently healthy patients (n = 19). All patients signed the informed consent for examination and the processing of personal data as a part of the study. Demographic data, duration of hypertension, risk factors, heredity, physical activity, anthropometric data, results of slaboratory and instrumental examinations were recorded. Concentration of mtDNA was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A mtDNA fragment with primers FmtMinArc 5'-CTAAATAGCCCACACGTTCCC-3' and RmtMinArc 5'-AGAGCTCCCGTGAGTGGTTA-3' was used. Results. Studying the relationships between the quantitative indicator of mtDNA in the blood and AH showed that there were no significant differences in the indicators for the level of mtDNA regardless of the AH stage. However, we noted that the number of copies tended to increase in comparison with that in conventionally healthy patients. Analysis of the cardiovascular risk showed that the quantitative indicator of mtDNA did not depend on the stage of hypertension. At the same time, the level of mtDNA was significantly increased in very high cardiovascular risk patients with AH as compared to conventionally healthy subjects: Me (LQ; UQ), 56731.2 (42531.25; 129375.0) copies/ml vs. 35156.00 (18325.00; 54956.00) copies/ml, respectively (p = 0.015). Conclusion. The level of mtDNA in AH patients is a potential a marker for cardiovascular risk as shown by the increase in mtDNA in very high cardiovascular risk patients. Taking into account the previously demonstrated pathogenetic role of the level of mtDNA in acute coronary syndrome, the analysis should be continued. The analysis sensitivity can be increased by inclusion of quantitative indicators for the content of nuclear DNA.

CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTONYMS AND OTHER LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC CATEGORIES

The article argues that antonymous words are not isolated in the language but are part of the general scheme of thematic classification of the vocabulary, entering into close ties with representatives of synonymous and polysemantic groups. Proof of this position is the availability of antonymous-synonymous blocks and paradigms of meanings of antonymous words-polysemants in the language. This fact serves to understand the antonymy of lexical as a relationship between members of opposing dichotomous series, as well as expands the boundaries of closed binary structures, which are traditionally used to make antonymous connections. Antonymous relations are established to connect two opposites in pairs, as well as to combine several units into one polynomial structure. Words are found to have more antonyms than the corresponding number of meanings. This proves that some semes of one word are opposed by two or more synonymous antonyms. From the above-mentioned, it follows that the antonyms of polysemous words can be stated only within one family. Such a framework can be defined by limiting the range of antonymous units to a third common concept, under which two antonyms are summed up; establishing the antonyms of polysemous words through the contextual indicative minimum; distinguishing between the direct and figurative meaning of the word. The antonymous connections within the framework of the synonymous-antonymous paradigm are established to demonstrate a qualitatively heterogeneous character, differ in the strength of the manifestation of the relations of opposites and the frequency of practical implementation. The analysis of the manifestations of antonyms between the members of the dichotomous synonymous series allows distinguishing the following types: radial, linear, and cross radial. It is proved that the quantitative indicator of the formation of certain antonymous pairs from among the members of synonymous series depends on the volume of the synonymous series being compared, from the nature of semantic differences of the words of each series, from the emotional, evaluative, and stylistic characteristics of the members of the series, and the distribution of the words with relatively opposite meanings.

Interaction of economically useful traits in cows of different breeds

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation. Cows of both breeds have fairly high suitability for machine milking. The priority remains with the animals of the Holstein breed of foreign selection. In terms of milking intensity and udder volume, they reliably surpass Black Pied cows at P≤0.05 - P≤0.01, respectively, in terms of indicators. Holstein cows were also the best in the udder index. Correlation coefficients between the productive qualities, as well as between the quantitative indicator of productivity and the qualitative indicators of the suitability of cows for machine milking, were the same or did not differ significantly. A positive correlation was established between milk yield and the duration of the service period from 0.1 to 0.05, depending on the breed.

The influence of cyclic potential pulse on the local corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in the electrolytes with pH close to neutral

The effect of cyclic potential pulse (CIP) on the local corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in the solutions with various compositions was investigated. Local corrosion of steel increases with an increase in the duration of the cathode half-cycle of the CIP, in the presence of a promoter of hydrogen absorption and with an increase in the concentration of chloride and bicarbonate ions. A quantitative indicator is proposed, which determines the intensity of local corrosion under CIP