DYNAMICS OF THE BACTERIOPLANKTON STATE IN THE SHCHUCHIY BAY OF LAKE LADOGA AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PRIOZERSKY PULP AND PAPER MILL

Introduction. The Shchuchiy Bay is located in the western part of the skerry area of Lake Ladoga near the town of Priozersk. For almost 20 years, the bay has experienced an anthropogenic impact from the ingress of untreated wastewater from the Priozersk Pulp and Paper Mill (PPM). Systematic microbiological studies of the Shchuchiy Bay ecosystem were started in the middle of the 1970s by the Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and continued after the PPM closure in 1986. Materials and methods. The ecosystem of the bay was studied in detail during the growing season of 2013–2014; periodic studies were carried out in 2015–2018. Retrospective data were also used for the analysis. Water samples were taken at four stations from the surface horizon. The following microbiological indicators were determined: the abundance of bacterioplankton and the percentages of various morphological types of bacterial cells. Results and discussion. A comparison of the quantitative level of development of the bacterial community in the bay in different periods showed a gradual decrease in the abundance of bacterioplankton as the anthropogenic impact weakened after the closure of the Priozersky PPM from 12.40 million cells ml–1 in 1987 to an average value of 2.62±1.03 million cells ml–1 in 2013–2018. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of bacteria and water temperature. The percentage of rod-shaped microorganisms in the water of the bay also decreased as the anthropogenic impact weakened from 73.4 % in 1987 to 53.1±7.6 % in 2013–2018, which indicated an improvement in water quality. Conclusion. A stable decrease in the abundance of bacteria from the level characteristic of highly polluted and eutrophic water bodies to the level characteristic of mesotrophic and mesotrophic-eutrophic water bodies is a reliable criterion for the restoration of the ecosystem of the Shchuchiy Bay to the state characteristic of similar bays of Lake Ladoga.

Impact of propensity to trust on the perception of police: an integrated framework of legitimacy perspective

PurposeThe study aims to examine whether a baseline trait-level characteristic, in this case propensity to trust, impacts peoples' perception of procedural justice, police legitimacy, trustworthiness, obligation to obey and cooperation.Design/methodology/approachUsing Hamm and colleagues' (2017) integrated framework of legitimacy (IFL) as the theoretical framework, the current research explores whether individual trait characteristic differences matter. Using a Korean survey in 2019 with 2188 samples aged 19 to 28, this study conducted structural equation modeling to assess the impact of propensity to trust on the latent factors of the IFL.FindingsThe results support the findings of the original IFL. Specifically, when it comes to citizens' perception of police legitimacy, propensity to trust positively and significantly impacts latent factors such as procedural justice, trustworthiness, trust and obligation to obey. However, it fails to impact cooperation in any capacity.Originality/valuePerception of police legitimacy has been researched extensively by various scholars. Specifically, Tyler's (1990) procedural justice model has been the main focus of police legitimacy research for the past 30 years. However, the current study aims to explore the possibility of trait-level characteristic that may influence peoples' perception of police legitimacy. Specifically, the authors aim to assess individual propensity to trust tendency and its impact on police legitimacy.

Multi-Factor Evaluation of the Financialization Degree of Polish Households in the Background of the Euro Area

Financialization is a term that is becoming increasingly popular in the Polish literature. One of its important aspects, which is multidimensionality, is often emphasized. It is a process whose effects are visible at all levels of the economy. The effects of financialization could be seen both at the national level and in the basic economic unit, which is a household. Firstly, the purpose of this study is to analyze changes, which in literature are considered to be symptoms of financialization in Polish households. The second, no less important goal, is to compare the level of financialization of Polish households with the level characteristic for countries belonging to the euro area.

Practice and Reflection on the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Blockchain technology has now entered the 3.0 era with solutions of“Blockchain Plus Industry”. As a technological innovation and industry-leading region, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area has inherent advantages in the development of blockchain technology. How blockchain can lead the development of industry ecology in the future is a question worthy of our in-depth discussion. By analyzing the policy support and basic status of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this paper sorted out the structure of the four-level characteristic development mode of blockchain technology, summarized the impossible triangle of technology, incompatibility issues, standard construction, supervision and other issues, and putforward relevant suggestions for the development of the blockchain in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area.

Personal Aging Is Political: A Feminist Perspective on Subjective Aging

An extensive literature examines subjective aging – a construct encompassing many aspects of individuals’ views of aging, such as age identity, aging anxiety, awareness of aging, and views of life stages. A factor receiving attention within this research is gender, with studies revealing much about gender differences not only in subjective aging but also its health and behavioral consequences. However, we argue that the literature is limited by its focus on gender as an individual-level characteristic – rather than a profoundly social element emerging within interactions, pervading institutions, and constituting a system of inequality that intersects with others, including age. Addressing this limitation, our chapter applies a feminist perspective to the study of subjective aging. This perspective draws into focus the implications for subjective aging of gender’s social embeddedness and provides an illustration of the interconnection between the personal and political spheres.

Cognitive component diagnostics of the future primary school teachers readiness to design educational content

The article focuses on the issue of training primary school teachers to design educational content. The cognitive component of the readiness formation and its criteria are described. The criterion-level characteristic of this component is presented, consisting of three levels: high, medium and primary. Diagnostics of the readiness cognitive component primary school teachers to design educational content is shown. Primary school teachers cognitive component diagnostics methods of the readiness to design educational content are demonstrated and its results are demonstrated. The procedure for applying the methods of questioning, testing, and activity products analysis for the diagnosis of the cognitive component is presented. It is concluded that it is necessary to organize purposeful work on the formation of this component in the training primary school teachers process in a pedagogical University.

Accounting comparability, financial reporting quality and audit opinions: evidence from Iran

PurposeType of audit opinion is important for all stakeholders. Firm-specific characteristics have a direct impact on the type of audit opinion. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between accounting comparability (as a micro level characteristic), financial reporting quality (as a macro level characteristic) and audit opinions.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a multivariate regression analysis to tests it hypotheses to a sample of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2015–2019. To measure accounting comparability, the authors use De Franco et al. (2011) model, and Hutton et al. (2009) model to measure financial reporting quality. The authors use type of audit opinion, and auditor's remarks (explanatory notes) as the measure for audit opinions.FindingsThe authors find a negative association between accounting comparability, and the proxies for audit opinion. The authors also find that a negative association between financial reporting quality and audit opinions. These results suggest that higher accounting comparability, and higher financial reporting quality (proxied by earnings quality) increases auditor tendency to issue unmodified audit opinion.Originality/valueTo the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study that empirically examines the association between accounting comparability, financial reporting quality and audit opinion. This study provides empirical support for the theoretical views on the association between financial reporting quality and audit opinion. The results could be of interest of both auditors and managers, especially in emerging capital markets, who seek to improve financial reporting quality.