scholarly journals Personal Aging Is Political: A Feminist Perspective on Subjective Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-556
Author(s):  
Anne Barrett ◽  
Cherish Michael ◽  
Jessica Noblitt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Characteristic ◽  
Aging Anxiety ◽  
Subjective Aging

Abstract An extensive literature examines subjective aging – a construct encompassing many aspects of individuals’ views of aging, such as age identity, aging anxiety, awareness of aging, and views of life stages. A factor receiving attention within this research is gender, with studies revealing much about gender differences not only in subjective aging but also its health and behavioral consequences. However, we argue that the literature is limited by its focus on gender as an individual-level characteristic – rather than a profoundly social element emerging within interactions, pervading institutions, and constituting a system of inequality that intersects with others, including age. Addressing this limitation, our chapter applies a feminist perspective to the study of subjective aging. This perspective draws into focus the implications for subjective aging of gender’s social embeddedness and provides an illustration of the interconnection between the personal and political spheres.

The True Believers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gendered Expectations

This is the first data chapter. In this chapter, respondents who are described as true believers in the gender structure, and essentialist gender differences are introduced and their interviews analyzed. They are true believers because, at the macro level, they believe in a gender ideology where women and men should be different and accept rules and requirements that enforce gender differentiation and even sex segregation in social life. In addition, at the interactional level, these Millennials report having been shaped by their parent’s traditional expectations and they similarly feel justified to impose gendered expectations on those in their own social networks. At the individual level, they have internalized masculinity or femininity, and embody it in how they present themselves to the world. They try hard to “do gender” traditionally.

Older Adults’ Constraints to Participation in Structured Exercise Classes

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. Whaley ◽  
Vicki Ebbeck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exercise Classes

This study used a qualitative, feminist perspective to examine issues pertaining to exercise constraints among older adults. Participants were 8 male and 9 female older adults (mean age = 76.7) who chose not to engage in structured exercise classes. Twenty-six self-identified constraints were elicited (mean = four per person). Additionally, four constraints per person from previous research were selected. The most frequently cited self-reported constraints were “get enough exercise elsewhere,” health-related items, and issues related to time. From the constraints most frequently cited in past studies, inconvenience, time, and type of activity were selected most often. Gender differences were apparent in the constraints chosen as well as reasons why a particular constraint inhibited or prohibited activity. Specific suggestions for strategies included having programs with a purpose, building in flexibility, and encouraging men to participate. The influence of gender is explored, especially how expanding our understanding of gender issues might improve program planning.

scholarly journals The Pivotal Role of Women in Informal Care

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Bracke ◽  
Wendy Christiaens ◽  
Naomi Wauterickx
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course

Supporting and caring for each other are crucial parts of the social tissue that binds people together. In these networks, men and women hold different positions: Women more often care more for others, listen more to the problems of others, and, as kin keepers, hold families together. Is this true for all life stages? And are social conditions, among other things bound to the organization of work and family, an essential explanation of these differences? Data from the sixth wave (1997) of the Panel Study of Belgian Households allow us to answer these questions. The results show that women are the glue holding social relations together. They play a central role as friends, daughters, sisters, mothers, and grandmothers throughout all stages of the life course. Similar life commitments do not reduce these gender differences but instead emphasize them even further.

scholarly journals Barriers to Financial Innovation—Corporate Finance Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Joanna Błach
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Financial Strategy ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Financial Innovations ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Nonfinancial Firms

This paper addresses the application of financial innovations from the corporate finance perspective. The objective is to identify and prioritize the main types of barriers to the implementation of financial innovations by nonfinancial firms. The motivation behind the study lies in the importance of financial innovations for the firms’ ability to create value. As proven by the extensive literature review, comprehensive studies on financial innovation applications by nonfinancial firms are relatively rare. To cover this cognitive gap, the theoretical argumentation followed by the discussion of results of the empirical research are presented in this paper. The paper provides the results of two-stage survey research, aiming to find opinions of financial managers (end-users) and experts (creators of innovation) on the main barriers to financial innovations in Poland. According to managers, the most important are exogenous barriers, including: (1) Unclear tax and accounting regulations, (2) complex construction of financial innovations, and (3) transaction costs related to their application. On the other side, the experts from financial institutions recognized the greater importance of endogenous factors such as: (1) Lack of sufficient knowledge about financial innovations and (2) the reluctance to change observable in many firms. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on financial innovations by adding the perspective of corporate financial strategy. It also offers insights into the potential actions (at the institutional and individual level) aiming to reduce the barriers and support the implementation of financial innovations by nonfinancial firms.

Gender, Class, Caste and Participation

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Lama ◽  
Marlène Buchy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Forest User Groups ◽  
Forest User

Based on an extensive literature and illustrated by a field survey of two Forest User Groups in Nepal, this paper explores how participation in community forestry is affected by social status and more so by gender. Looking more specifically at gender differences, the paper presents the reasons and the ways in which women, despite the current rhetoric, remain excluded from any meaningful participatory process.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS ON SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 973-980
Author(s):  
Shahida Perveen ◽  
Najma Iqbal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
University Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
T Test ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sound Environment

Purpose of the study: The present study aims at measuring the effect of traumatic events on social behavior among university students. Methodology: Purposive sample of n=200 students was selected from various universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Impact of events scale-revised (Weiss, 2007), and Texas social behavior inventory (Helmreich & Stapp, 1974) were used to measure study variables. Pearson correlation was carried out to explore correlations. Further, the prediction was checked through regression analysis. Additional analysis includes a t-test to check gender differences. Main Findings: Significant differences were found in adolescents as compared to young adults on the scale of the traumatic events. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between traumatic events (intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal) and social behavior (i.e., self-esteem). Further multiple regression analysis showed that traumatic events were a significant negative predictor of social behavior as traumatic events harm an individual’s social behavior. Additionally, the t-test indicated non-significant gender differences. Applications of this study: These research results have implications in academic settings, clinical and counseling. And it helps to improve overall social behavior at the individual level, which ultimately serves to ensure a better community and sound environment. Originality/Uniqueness of present investigation: An empirical investigation of the phenomenon observed among human participants' natural behavior with no manipulation.

scholarly journals Assessing the burden of COVID-19 in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bignami-Van Assche ◽  
Ari Van Assche
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Groups

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe burden of COVID-19 in Canada is unequally distributed geographically, with the largest number of cases and fatalities recorded in Québec and Ontario while other provinces experienced limited outbreaks. To date, however, no study has assessed how provincial epidemics have unfolded in a comparative perspective. This is essential to calibrate projections of the future course of the epidemic and plan health care resources for the second wave of infections.MethodsUsing newly released individual-level data collected by the Public Health Agency of Canada, we assess COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality across age and gender groups at the provincial level through a combination of demographic and survival analyses.ResultsQuébec has the highest absolute and per capita number of COVID-19 confirmed positive cases, hospitalizations and fatalities in all age groups. In each province, a higher number of women than men test positive for the disease, especially above age 80. Yet consistently across age groups, infected men are more likely to be hospitalized and enter intensive care than women do. These gender differences in hospitalisation rates account for the higher case fatality risk due to COVID-19 among men compared to women.InterpretationAlthough health care capacity across provinces has been sufficient to treat severe cases, we find that the main factor accounting for gender differences in COVID-19-related mortality is the need for hospitalization and intensive care, especially above age 80. This suggests a selection effect of severe cases requiring to be treated in a hospital setting that needs to be further investigated.

Debating Feminism in the Socialist Press: Women and the New Leader

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Hannam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Official Organ ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Family Allowances

This chapter examines the complex and ambiguous relationship of the Labour Party to gender and feminism in the interwar years through a study of the Labour Leader/ New Leader, the official organ of the socialist group, the Independent Labour Party. The paper was aimed at a mixed-sex audience. The chapter focuses on women as journalists, debates on gender differences and women’s nature, and policy questions relating specifically to women, including organising separately, birth control and family allowances. A consideration of these areas highlights the diversity of women’s voices and concerns. It contends that in the new context of the interwar years socialist women did not just abandon their feminist perspective in favour of the class struggle; instead, they were finding ways to work through the complex relationship between the two. The Labour Leader/ New Leader provided a space where issues relating to gender could be debated openly.

Women and Politics Across Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Magda Hinojosa ◽  
Miki Caul Kittilson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Paid Labor ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
The Individual

Chapter 1 presents the puzzle of gender differences in political engagement and support for democracy. Traditional explanations come up short in fully explaining these gender gaps: gender differences in democratic engagement endure for some countries despite women’s increased participation in higher education and in the paid labor force. Much research has focused on gender gaps in voting, giving short shrift to the more puzzling differences in political interest (and related measures of political engagement) and support for democracy. Yet, the latter set of behaviors and motivations are essential to a strong democracy: at the individual level they are essential components of full democratic citizenship, and in the aggregate contribute to equality in the democratic process and to enlightened, inclusive debate. We explain why the Uruguayan case proves an unrivaled laboratory for investigating the effects of women’s gains in politics for changes in mass-level connections to the democratic process.

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