The Perceived Broad Group Emotional Climate Scale: Development and Validation With Chinese Community Residents and University Students

Perceived broad group emotional climate (PBGEC) is a perceived meso-environment emotion, which refers to individuals’ perceptions and experiences of the emotion climate when interacting with group members in daily life, and is not derived from individuals’ own emotions. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a PBGEC scale (PBGECS) for Chinese community residents and university students. A total of 1,408 residents from Chongqing completed the survey of PBGECS, the present social attitude scale, the future social expectations scale, and the social wellbeing scale, which constituted Sample 1; A total of 607 college students from Nanchang completed the survey of PBGECS and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, which constituted Sample 2. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, including positive PBGEC (PBGEC-P) and negative PBGEC (PBGEC-N). Internal consistency was strong for each factor and the full-scale (α ≥ 0.83). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the correlated two-factor model of PBGEC and the four-factor model (including PBGEC-P, PBGEC-N, individual positive affect, and individual negative affect) demonstrated the best fit to the data, which supported the structural validity of the PBGECS. The interpretive validity, cultural validity, and population validity of the scale were also proved by examining the relationship between PBGEC and socioeconomic status, social attitude, and social wellbeing, respectively. The results show that the PBGECS demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, which can be used to assesses the perceived emotion climate of an individual’s surrounding environment.

Can Gambling Increase Savings? Empirical Evidence on Prize-Linked Savings Accounts

This paper studies the adoption and impact of prize-linked savings (PLS) accounts, which offer lottery-like payouts to individual account holders in lieu of interest. Using microlevel data from a bank in South Africa, we show that PLS is attractive to a broad group of individuals, with financially constrained individuals and those with no other deposit accounts particularly likely to participate. Individuals who choose to use PLS increase their total savings on average by 1% of annual income. Exploiting the random assignment of prizes, we present causal evidence that PLS substitutes for lottery gambling but is a complement to standard savings. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.

Intimate partner violence is a barrier to antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive women: Evidence from government facilities in Kenya

Introduction Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is linked to low engagement with HIV management services and adverse clinical outcomes, including poor ART adherence. In sub-Saharan Africa, studies on pregnant/postpartum women and transactional sex workers have produced divergent evidence regarding IPV’s association with poor ART adherence. We investigate this association among a broad group of women. Methods We sampled 408 HIV-positive women receiving free ART from different types of HIV clinics at government health facilities, assessing for IPV exposure by a current partner, ART adherence rate, and other factors that affect ART adherence (e.g. education, disclosure). ART adherence rates were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); responses were dichotomised at a ≥95% cut-off. Multiple logistic regression models assessed the association between the independent variables and ART adherence. Results The participants’ mean age was 38.6 (range: 18–69 years). The majority had ever attended school (94%, n = 382), were in monogamous marriages (70%, n = 282), and had disclosed status to partners (94%, n = 380). Overall, 60% (n = 242) reported optimal ART adherence (≥ 95%) in the previous 30 days. The prevalence of IPV by the current partner was 76% (CI95 = 72–80%). Experiencing physical IPV (AOR 0.57, CI95: 0.34–0.94, p = .028), sexual IPV (AOR 0.50, CI95: 0.31–0.82, p = .005), or controlling behaviour (AOR 0.56, CI95: 0.34–0.94, p = .027) reduced the odds of achieving optimal adherence, while a higher education level and having an HIV-positive partner increased the odds. Conclusion IPV is common and is associated with suboptimal ART adherence rates among a broad group of HIV-positive women. ART programs could consider incorporating basic IPV interventions into regular clinic services to identify, monitor and support exposed women, as they might be at risk of poor ART adherence. Still, there is need for more research on how IPV affects ART adherence.

The structure of information behavior dissertations 2009–2018: Theories, methods, populations, disciplines

Dissertations can be important sources of information about the future of a research field. These publications capture the ideas, theories, methods, and populations that emerging researchers deem important for study. Dissertation research often exhibits great rigor and innovation. This study of dissertations focuses on one specific field, which has importance in a large variety of academic disciplines: information behavior. An analysis of a sample of information behavior dissertations published in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses between 2009 and 2018 is performed. The top theories, methods, and study populations are identified using data functions to compile the results. While the majority of information behavior research originates in the discipline of library and information science (53%), the field is nonetheless highly interdisciplinary. The theories of Kuhlthau, Dervin, and Wilson are used extensively as frameworks in information behavior dissertations. Students are the most commonly studied population, while interview is the most commonly utilized research method. Information behavior is a diverse research field, stemming from a large number of disciplines and utilizing a broad group of theories, methods, and populations.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Plastic Surgery in Europe – An ESPRAS Survey

The present article provides an overview of the current and expected effects of plastic surgery in Europe. It presents the experience of departments for plastic and reconstructive surgery, as evaluated by interviews with members of the Executive Committee (ExCo) of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ESPRAS). The objective of this overview is to summmarise current information in our area of work and to make this accessible to a broad group of readers. As our knowledge is rapidly increasing during the current pandemic, it is evident that we can only provide a snapshot and this will inevitably be incomplete.

The main weeds in the fields of the North-Eastern Ukraine

Goal. most of the herbologists rarely classify their weeds. Some types of weeds are sometimes given only epithets. But it is necessary to divide the weeds into larger groups, and the most important thing is to determine them by their quantitative indicators and not the qualitative epithets. Methods. Field, analytical. Results. For 45 years the experience of crops inspection was mainly carried out in the Kharkiv region. In these years of herbological monitoring perfect methods were carried out. Previously the following prevalence groups were established: very wide, wide, moderate, small, and very small. Later another “moderately broad” group was added. In the conditions of North-Eastern Ukraine the main survey of the arable land, which lasted for several decades, has established 270 species. The weeds grouped the floral list into six parts. The analyses of the group respectively: very wide, wide, moderately wide, moderately small and very small found that the number of species was 1.9, 1.9, 4.4, 6.7, 17.3 and 67.8 percent. With the expansion of the weed list, in the group of very small weeds the percentage of species grew. In recent years some adventitious weeds have appeared. These are: four types of Abutilon theophrast Ved., Hibiscus trionum L., Diqitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muehl) and Phytolacca americana (L.). Conclusions. On which territory it is necessary to determine the types of weeds and their criterion of prevalence and dominance. In the list weeds it is necessary to distinguish six groups: very wide, wide, moderately wide, moderate, small, very small. A significant part of the weeds on the list are included in the of the very small ones. In North-Eastern Ukraine, where there are 270 species observed, 67.8% of weeds belong to the last group.

Cuadernos de Cultura y la conformación de un ámbito de poéticas comunistas en la Argentina de los años 50

This paper inquire the configuration of an area of communist poetics in the framework of the magazine Cuadernos de Cultura in the 1950s. It is argued that the literary program defined from Cuadernos gave a prominent place to the diffusion and promotion of the poetic genre, from the assiduous publication of reviews, notes, critical commentaries and poems, that influenced the conformation of a specific field of “communist poetics”, identified, according to the Soviet programs that the magazine adopts, for its realism and national character. This field gets together a broad group of poets who come from the metropolitan center and the interior of the country. In this direction, the politic “poetic” that the magazine put into play resulted in a reconfiguration of the central and peripheral spaces of the communist left’s sector of the poetic field.

Pengamatan Populasi Belalang Menggunakan Metode Lepas Tangkap Di Kawasan Pantai Caroline, Padang, Sumatera Barat

Abstract—To study a broad group of forests and not known the previous conditions, it is best to use the path or transect method. The transect method is commonly used to find out certain vegetation such as grasslands and others or a vegetation that is still homogeneous. Population estimation is a method used to calculate population density. The population is only limited to grasshoppers. Data collection techniques by sampling and documentation. The results of our research show 37 locusts on the coast of Caroline coast with a plot area of 3x3m.

Situating Valency Theory in functional-cognitive space

This article builds on the work reported in Butler and Gonzálvez-García (2014), in which 16 functional and/or cognitive/constructionist theories were compared on the basis of questionnaires completed by experts and a reading of the literature on each approach. The aim is to extend this work to cover Valency Theory (VT henceforth), arguably the most widely used approach to the study of German syntax. We first report on a statistical analysis (correlation, multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis) of the data from the questionnaires completed by two VT experts, in relation to those completed by experts in other approaches. We then present an analysis of each item in the questionnaire in relation to VT, leading to a positive or negative evaluation for each questionnaire item. The results are again analysed statistically. The picture that emerges is of a theory which, though distinctive, has clear relationships with a broad group of cognitively-oriented approaches.

Interstitial lung disease

The interstitial lung diseases, also known as the diffuse or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, are a broad group of pulmonary disorders which mainly affect the lung parenchyma as opposed to the airways. By convention, infectious and malignant conditions are excluded from this definition. Thus, the interstitial lung diseases comprise a group of conditions characterized by variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis, centred on the lung interstitium and alveolar airspaces.