Modular trihedral trusses of flat roofs

The paper considers modular trihedral trusses of flat roofs for buildings with transverse division into pre-fabricated elements. The use of modular system is oriented to the mass production. The modular system delivery is carried out by various cargo vehicles. The main geometry calculations are given for the transportation modules and vehicles equipped with a crane.Variable design models of the trihedral truss modules are presented herein as well as the results of their static analysis. The different spatial positions and element's own weight values.Based on the results of the deformability assessment, the installation of additional temporary and permanent elements is substantiated. The engineering solutions are suggested for mounting the flat roof structures. Technical solutions are considered to provide the structural rigidity, module safety during the installation, storage and safe transportation.

A new species of Placotrochides Alcock, 1902 (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Flabellidae) from the tropical Western Pacific, including the deepest record of the genus

A new species of azooxanthellate solitary Scleractinia, Placotrochides yapensis n. sp., is described from the foot of a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical Western Pacific at the water depth of 2,700–2,734 m. The specimens are assigned to the genus Placotrochides Alcock, 1902 on account of possessing a solitary corallum, a trabecular columella and the transverse division resulting in a free anthocyathus with a basal scar. The new species differs from its four congeners by (1) the larger corallum size (greater calicular diameter 15.2–15.7 mm, greater basal scar diameter 9.0–12.2 mm, and height 13.3–17.1 mm), (2) the larger edge angle (20–25°), (3) the arrangement of septa (S1–2>S3>S4), and (4) the number of septa (48). Until now, five species of Placotrochides have been known from deep waters and Placotrochides yapensis n. sp. is the deepest record of the genus.

Morphogenesis of pericarp in two varieties of Momordica charantia L.

The fruits of <i>Uchchey</i> and <i>Korala</i>, two common Indian varieties of <i>Momordica charantia</i> L. have the same length and diameter in initial stages. But with age the rate of lengthwise growth becomes higher in <i>Karola</i>, which differs from <i>Uchchey</i> by its larger size and much elongated shape. The major cause of their difference in size and shape is the higher cell number of <i>Karola</i> in its axial direction from the earliest stages of development, and their rapid transverse division during maturation. Differentiation of xylem bundles of the pericarp starts at the middle and apical parts of the ovary. The courses of differentiation of xylem in the middle, apical and basal bundles are bidirectional, basipetal and acropetal, respectively.

Morphogenesis of root nodules in white clover. I. Effective root nodules induced by the wild type Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar. trifolii

The research aimed at investigating the morphogenesis of cylindrical root nodules in <em>Trifolium repens</em> L. induced by the wild type <em>Rhizobium leguminosarum</em> biovar. <em>trifolii</em> strain 24. It has been demonstrated that the ontogenesis of a nodule begins with a transverse division of cells of the pericycle followed by the dedifferentiation and divisions of cells of the endodermis and inner layers of the primary root cortex. Shifting of the nodule meristem from its initially lateral to the apical position characteristic for cylindrical nodules was observed. Bacteroidal, cortical and vascular tissues of the nodule are described up to 42 days after inoculation. At that time typical degraded zone had not yet appeared in the nodules.

Asexual reproduction of Pliocene solitary scleractinian coralTruncatoflabellum: a morphological and biometric study

Truncatoflabellumhas been considered a free-living genus that exhibits both sexual and asexual phases; divided lower coralla (anthocauli) are specialized for asexual reproduction by transverse division through a decalcification process, whereas the upper coralla (anthocyathi) only undertake sexual reproduction, in a life-cycle strategy that includes a distinct alternation of generations. However, little evidence has been presented to support this idea of its life cycle. We elucidate the life mode ofTruncatoflabellumby identifying key fossil characters (e.g., multiple rejuvenations and decalcification records just beneath lateral spines) and statistically analyzing the size distributions of over 500 individual coralla. Results of those morphological and biometric analyses clearly indicate alternation of generations in the life cycle ofTruncatoflabellum.

Studies on aecial development in rust fungi: Puccinia polliniae

The leaves of Goldfussia dalhousiana become infected by Puccinia polliniae with the onset of rains in the Western Himalayas. Pale yellow dots appear on the leaves, developing into pustules and extending centrifugally. Pycnia develop on the upper surface and aecia on the lower. Protoaecia are differentiated into fertile and displacement zones. After dikaryotization, the basal cells elongate, become binucleate, and, by transverse conjugate division, produce the aeciospore mother cells. By transverse division, each of these form a large aeciospore and a small disjunctor cell towards the basal cell. The basal cells at the periphery, by transverse conjugate divisions, give peridial mother cells each of which by an oblique conjugate division cuts off an intercalary cell towards the outside and a peridial cell towards the inside. The peridial cells develop thick walls and the intercalary cells degenerate. The peridium has a dual origin and the aecia are of the aecidioid type. The aeciospores are circular to oval in shape, binucleate, and multiguttulate. They have radially striate thickened walls and two to three germ pores.

STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF SPIROCHETES

A series of observations with the phase contrast microscope on the occurrence of a complex life cycle in the pathogenic Treponema pallidum as it occurs in the syphilitic rabbit testis has been presented and it seems likely from these observations that there are two means of vegetative reproduction, consisting of (1) transverse division (the most important under usual conditions); and (2) the production of gemmae or buds which eventuate into unispirochetal cysts comparable to those described for saprophytic forms, within each of which single spirochetes develop and differentiate, and from which they subsequently emerge. In addition preliminary evidence is presented which suggests that a more complex process is involved in which multispirochetal cysts develop following aggregation of two or more organisms. Within each of these larger cysts numerous organisms develop and subsequently emerge as tangled ropes. Following emergence, they subsequently undergo transverse division and gemmae formation, and so reproduce vegetatively. Subsequent papers will elaborate upon these processes.