So Where Do You See This Going? The Effects of Commitment Asymmetry and Asynchrony on Relationship Satisfaction and Breakup

We test the contribution of multiple types of romantic partners’ commitment asymmetry (discrepancies between partners’ commitment at a single time point) and asynchrony (discrepancies in the progression of commitment over time) to later relationship satisfaction and breakup. In three dyadic studies (N = 6,960 couples) over months (Study 1), days (Study 2), and years (Study 3), commitment asymmetry and asynchrony consistently did not predict satisfaction or breakup when controlling for commitment scores of individuals and their partners. Only one’s own commitment and proportion of downturns in commitment (when participants reported lower commitment than the previous time point) consistently predicted satisfaction across all three studies. For breakup, women’s (but not men’s) commitment was consistently negatively associated with breakup and proportion of downturns was consistently positively associated with breakup. Our findings indicate that, contrary to some significant findings in prior research, commitment asymmetry and asynchrony are not indicative of future relationship outcomes.

The Danger Social Media Poses to National Sovereignty and Global Security

Social media networks have the capability to allow the spread of both factual information and disinformation amongst general populations at a pace unforeseen at any previous time in history. Those who are responsible for continuing to protect democratic principles can benefit from studying, understanding, and adapting to counteract this unheralded spread of data. Developing tactics and strategies to counter the antics of those who propagate disinformation to further their own causes will become necessary to protect the integrity of elections and other national and international interests. This chapter explores and reveals some of the general threats and potential counter measures to keep general populations protected from the negative effects of such campaigns.

Features of Forecasting Reliability of 6—10 kV Overhead Electric Lines According to Statistics of Their Failures and Reconditionings

This work is aimed at forecasting justification of the failure time of the 6—10 kV overhead electric lines (OEL) during the normalized period in its operation based on comparison with the statistics of failures and reconditionings on the previous intervals with the use of the OEL availability function, statistical availability coefficient, normalized forecasting interval and the accepted values of the availability coefficient on the forecasting interval. To achieve the goal set the OEL is described as an object of a multiple action, its failure and reconditioning flows are accepted as the simplest Poisson, and for the theoretical analysis of the variation character in the availability coefficient, the probability theory methods along with a mass service were used. The most significant result is justification of the use for the forecasting of the OEL failure time of a new convenient exponential expression of its availability function on the normalized period of time being forecasted. Unlike the accepted in the theory of reliability the availability function with two parameters T and Tr.av (average times of work and reconditionings), the proposed expression uses one parameter of distribution (virtual non-failure operating time). The significance of the results obtained consists in that controlling the dynamics of the variation in the statistical coefficient of availability of the OEL on the previous time intervals makes it possible to forecast its failure time during the forthcoming normalized periods of operation.

Critical comparison of the different versions of the OpenFOAM on the simulation of spillway

Приведены предварительные результаты численного моделирования двухфазного течения двух несжимаемых и несмешивающихся жидкостей через водослив трапециевидной формы. Целью работы была демонстрация возможностей решателя interFoam различных версий открытого пакета OpenFoam при моделировании рассматриваемого класса течений. Численные расчеты проведены с использованием входящего в состав OpenFoam руководства weirOverFlow. В пакете OpenFOAM6 коэффициент fvcDdtPhiCoeff для вычисления потоков массы на гранях ячеек изменен в целях улучшения устойчивости/точности и исключения осцилляций давления при высоких числах Куранта. Он вычисляется с использованием значений плотности и потока массы с предыдущего временн´ого шага. Результаты численных расчетов показывают, что такие изменения вызывают чрезмерно быстрый переход от нестационарного течения к стационарному. The results of numerical simulation for a two-phase flow of two incompressible and immiscible liquids through a trapezoidal spillway are presented. To simulate the free boundary, we used the method of fluid volume. The aim of the work was to demonstrate the capabilities of the various versions of interFoam solver of the OpenFOAM package for modelling the considered class of flows. Numerical calculations were performed using the OpenFOAM weirOverFlow tutorial. In order to improve the consistency, usability, flexibility and ease of modifying the interFoam solver, the existing interDyMFoam solver with the local dynamic mesh adaptation function was combined with the interFoam solver with a static computational mesh. In addition, in the OpenFOAM6 package, the fvcDdtPhiCoeff coefficient used for calculating the time derivative and taking into account the Rhie- Chow correction on the collocated grid for calculating mass fluxes on the cell faces was changed in order to improve stability/accuracy and eliminate pressure oscillations at high Courant numbers. The calculation of fvcDdtPhiCoeff coefficient in OpenFOAM5 requires the density value from the current time step along with the mass flow value from the previous time step, while in OpenFOAM6, both density and mass flow values are taken from the previous time step for calculation of the fvcDdtPhiCoeff coefficient. The results of numerical calculations of the OpenFOAM6 package show that such changes lead to an excessively fast transition of the transient flow to the stationary one in comparison with other versions of the OpenFOAM package.

THE RECTANGULAR IRON-SMELTING FURNACES OF GORNY ALTAI: THE PROBLEM OF ORIGIN AND CHRONOLOGY

The article raises the questions related to the appearance of unique rectangular box-shape furnaces in the Altai mountains. These furnaces were the largest iron-smelting construction in Siberia and Central Asia. Archaeological field work carried out in 2018-2020 coupled with the series of radiocarbon dates made it possible to establish that furnaces of this type appeared in the Southeastern Altai not in the era of the Turkic Khaganates, as it was previously thought, but in a previous time within the 3rd-5th centuries AD. The article discusses the design and productivity of the box-shape furnaces. It is hypothesized that the similar in shape Xiongnu pottery kilns type could have been a prototype of large rectangular structures of the box-shape linear furnaces. Radiocarbon analyzes have proven the synchronicity of the Xiongnu pottery kilns and the rectangular furnaces. The sudden disappearance of the box-shape furnaces in the Altai Mountains in the 7th-8th centuries AD and the same sudden appearance of the similar furnaces in Japan in the same period is explained by the possible migration of smelters in the era of the Second East Turkic Khaganate. Keywords: archaeometallurgy, iron-smelting furnaces, Gorny Altai, Xiongnu-Xianbei time

A collocation methods based on the quadratic quadrature technique for fractional differential equations

<abstract><p>In this paper, we introduce a mixed numerical technique for solving fractional differential equations (FDEs) by combining Chebyshev collocation methods and a piecewise quadratic quadrature rule. For getting solutions at each integration step, the fractional integration is calculated in two intervals-all previous time intervals and the current time integration step. The solution at the current integration step is calculated by using Chebyshev interpolating polynomials. To remove a singularity which belongs originally to the FDEs, Lagrangian interpolating technique is considered since the Chebyshev interpolating polynomial can be rewritten as a Lagrangian interpolating form. Moreover, for calculating the fractional integral on the whole previous time intervals, a piecewise quadratic quadrature technique is applied to get higher accuracy. Several numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and show numerically convergence orders for both linear and nonlinear cases.</p></abstract>

The influence of organizational culture on the reengineering process

Reengineering is considered one of the radical measures that goes beyond the traditional style of management and corrects mistakes made by the organization in previous time periods. Companies often have to solve problems by starting from scratch, and this requires a lot of efforts and is often the only way for it to survive if it is in a crisis. All the characteristics of an organization in a certain way affect its formation and culture, and each organization has its own culture, even the lack of it represents a certain organizational culture. As reengineering requires radical changes in business, the manner and success of implementation largely depends on the organizational culture. Proper management of aspects of organizational culture enables companies to successfully implement the reengineering process in times of crisis.

Spanish press during Transit period

This article analyzes the role of Spanish media systems in the transit period in Spain. By research of the Spanish massmedia systems of the late 70s - early 80s and their interaction with the government, have been identified the basic features of a role of the Spanish media systems in democratization of a society, and also reconstruction of the information system which has become diametrically opposed to the information system of the previous time.

Language, Sexuality, History

Discussions of language and sexuality within history typically aim to produce a chronology tracing how language use related to sexuality at some previous time became language use related to sexuality in more recent settings. But there are “far more possibilities for living than time as measurement would lead us to believe” (Dinshaw 2012: 137), and historical inquiry needs to capture those possibilities. This chapter proposes that a queer historical linguistics offers a useful framework for exploring those possibilities. Applying “scavenger methodology” to examples from an ongoing project (Leap 2020), the chapter explores relationships between language and sexuality in the years preceding the so-called Stonewall rebellion (late June 1969).

Application of Generalized Space Time Autoregressive Model on Farmer Exchange Rate Data in Three Provinces of The Sumatera Island

The agricultural sector has a big role in the development of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore the agricultural sector is very important. Besides the agricultural sector, the farmer's welfare also needs to be considered because the agricultural sector will be good if the welfare of farmers is good also. In measuring the level of farmers' welfare, the method used is the farmer's exchange rate. The farmer's exchange rate has a location relationship and a previous time relationship. The Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) model is a good method of forecasting data that contains time series and location relationships by assuming that the data has heterogeneous characteristics. The purpose of this study is to model the farmer exchange rate data with GSTAR using normalization of cross-correlations weighting and inverse distance in three provinces namely West Sumatra, Bengkulu and Jambi Provinces. Based on data analysis, the best GSTAR model obtained by using the best weighting with the model is GSTAR (11) − I(1) using normalization of cross-correlations because the assumption of normal white noise and multivariate are fulfilled with an RMSE value of 1.097775. The best GSTAR model explains that the exchange rate of West Sumatra farmers is only the previous time, Bengkulu farmers' exchange rate is the previous time and is the exchange rates of farmers of West Sumatra and Jambi, whereas for the exchange rate of farmers of Jambi is the exchange rates of farmers of Bengkulu and West Sumatra and influenced by previous times.Keywords: GSTAR, RMSE, farmers exchange rate, normalization of cross-correlations, inverse distance.