The Correlation Between Ontology and Ethics in V. Bibikhin's Philosophy: Automatic Morality

The article is devoted to clarifying the relationship between ethics and ontology in the philosophy of V. Bibikhin and based on a report made at the conference “Second Bibikhin Readings” in Bezhetsk in 2020. The very approach to the texts and ideas of V. Bibikhin can be called hermeneutic: the main thing is the effort to understand the author's thought, following it, but noting at the same time the difficulties it encounters. Based on the texts of V. Bibikhin, an attempt is made to interpret the meaning of ethical problems in his essentially ontologically oriented thought. The terms ethics and ontology are used in the meaning of specific areas of existence (ethical and ontological), revealed by philosophical thought. It was shown that the fundamental philosophical mood, thought and deed have an ontological status for V. Bibikhin, and the idea of an automaton is the basis of all the three phenomena. An automaton is understood as a self-propelled, spontaneous process of life (living matter) development, which always goes through a crisis of amechania, which fundamentally distinguishes it from artificially created automata. Automatic morality, being a manifestation of a living automaton, consists in the spontaneity of an act that does not choose that cannot be chosen and which is launched from the present, that is, an automatic thought that has an ontological, not an epistemological character. But not only a moral deed (ethics) depends on ontology (the automaton of thought, the world), but the world automaton itself requires a certain ethos from a person, the openness of its explicitness. Thus, ontology and ethics in V. Bibikhin's thought mutually condition each other.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents Residing in Malay-operated Non-government-run Sheltered Homes in Selangor, Malaysia

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and the associated factors among 632 adolescents (age range: 13-17 years, Mage = 14.47, SD = 1.32) staying in sheltered homes in Malaysia. The Malay versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied. The overall prevalence of mild to severe depression and anxiety in this study was 70.9% and 82.3% respectively, with 64.1% for comorbidity of both symptoms. Specifically, the prevalence rates of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms were 29.1%, 38.4%, 22.4%, and 10.1% respectively whereas the prevalence rates of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe anxiety symptoms were 17.7%, 27.7%, 33.2%, and 21.4% respectively. The severity of negative automatic thoughts increased with the severity of depression and anxiety. Age, anxiety, negative automatic thoughts, and self-esteem were significantly associated with depression while depression, negative automatic thought, and anger were significantly associated with anxiety. The high rates of depression and anxiety among adolescents residing in the sheltered homes indicate the need to identify these at-risk populations and provide trained personnel who can deliver psychiatric and psychological services at sheltered homes.

A pilot study of attachment relationships, psychological problems and negative automatic thoughts among college students in Pakistan

ObjectivesThe present pilot study examined the associations between attachment relationships, psychological problems, and negative automatic thoughts among late adolescents in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.SubjectsA total of 98 participants (male = 49, female = 49) were recruited from government colleges in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.MethodsThe measures used to assess the research variables of this cross sectional study were the Inventory of Parent-Peer Attachment (IPPA-Urdu), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-Urdu), and the Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ-Urdu).ResultsAll of these measures had good reliabilities. Findings of the correlation analyses demonstrated that maternal, paternal and peer attachment relationships were negatively related to symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as to negative automatic thoughts. On the other hand, depressive and anxiety symptoms were positively associated with negative automatic thoughts. Additionally, findings suggested that future studies must investigate adolescents from two-parent households and exclude those with only one living parent.ConclusionThe results underscored the need for further investigations of the linkages between attachment relationships, negative automatic thoughts and psychological problems on larger samples.

Evaluating the Relationship between Nurses’ Problem-Solving Skills and Automatic Thoughts

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nurses’ problem-solving skills and automatic thoughts. METHODS: This study was conducted as descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study between August and December 2016. The sample of the study comprised 112 nurses working at a training and research hospital. The Problem Solving Inventory, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and a sociodemographic form prepared by the researchers were used to gather the data. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0. RESULTS: It was found that problem-solving, approach-avoidance, and personal control skills of nurse managers were higher than those of clinical nurses (p<.05). The nurses who thought that nursing was not an appropriate profession for themselves and said that they were not satisfied with their profession had higher levels of automatic thought (p<.01). There was a positive and significant low correlation between the scores obtained by the nurses from the Problem Solving Inventory and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (rs=0.259, p<.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study showed that nurses’ problem-solving skills were affected by working in the position of manager and by automatic thoughts about their profession. It is thought that practices to increase nurses’ problem-solving skills and to reduce their automatic thoughts about their professions will be beneficial.

EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI NERS SPESIALIS TERHADAP ANSIETAS DAN KEMAMPUAN PASIEN STROKE DALAM MERUBAH PIKIRAN NEGATIF DI RS HERMINA JATINEGARA

Pasien stroke yang di rawat di rumah sakit beresiko mengalami ansietas, hal ini dikarenakan pasien mengalami gangguan fisik yang mengakibatkan terganggunya aktifitas dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Masalah emosi setelah stroke membuat pasien mudah tersinggung, menangis dan marah tanpa alasan yang jelas. Riskesdas (2013) menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit stroke di Indonesia meningkat seiring bertambahnya umur dan sekitar delapan per seribu penduduk atau 0,8% mengalami stroke Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi kognitif dan psikoedukasi keluarga terhadap ansietas dan kemampuan pasien stroke dalam merubah pikiran negatif. Metodologi yang digunakan quasi-experiment one group with pretest – posttest design dengan metode consecutive sampling. Responden berjumlah 27 pasien stroke di RS Hermina Jatinegara. Penelitian dilakukan Agustus sampai Desember 2018. Kuesioner yang di gunakan Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) dan kuesioner Automatic Thought Questionare (ATQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tindakan keperawatan Ners, terapi kognitif dan psikoedukasi keluarga signifikan menurunkan ansietas dan meningkatkan kemampuan pasien stroke dalam merubah pikiran negatif. Kombinasi terapi kognitif dan psikoedukasi keluarga di rekomendasikan untuk mengatasi ansietas dan meningkatkan kemampuan pasien stroke dalam merubah pikiran negatif.