Evolution of Rules and Refereeing in the Kyrgyz National Sports Competitions on Wrestling Kuresh

Research relevance: article discusses problems in evolution of rules and refereeing of sports competitions in Kyrgyz national wrestling kuresh in connection with the Kyrgyz people folk physical culture, in which the Kyrgyz richest folk art should be mentioned. Research objectives: to determine functions and problems in evolution of rules and refereeing at sports competitions in the Kyrgyz national sports wrestling kuresh. Research materials and methods: analysis of rules, circumstances and recommendations from organizations during sports competitions in national wrestling kuresh. Research results: physical exercises have become a necessary and more effective preparation of student youth for social activities (protection of territories and population from foreigners, physical labor associated with the extraction of food, preparing the younger generation for work and protection in difficult climatic and geographical conditions, change of residence, etc.). Conclusions: competitive process and objective refereeing of sports competitions opened the way to sports glory, violating objective and subjective obstacles.

The Centrality of Rivalry

The aim of this article is to argue that the old-fashioned idea of rivalry remains central to the concept of effective competition and, in turn, to the promotion of the competitive process. Rivalry was the core meaning of competition among the early economists. The concern with vigorous, sustained actual rivalry may have been lost sight of, but it ought not to have been. Rivalry cannot of course be the exhaustive focus for many other factors and influences affect the level of effective competition. But a searching rivalry inquiry provides a valuable initial screen. By reemphasizing the primacy of rivalry, we may also foster the ability of competition law to act not just as a key driver of economic efficiency and growth, but also as a pro-democratic vehicle to check powerful private centers of economic power.

Introduction

‘Introduction’ provides an overview of the competitive process, which has generated much of the prosperity of the Western world. It is this process that delivers the abundance of choice, the lower prices, the increased innovation, and the better quality of goods and services. The antitrust and competition laws are designed to address risks, remedy possible market failures, and safeguard consumer welfare. Competition agencies and courts are tasked with enforcing the law. As they do so, they face the challenge of correctly identifying what amounts to an anti-competitive activity and curtailing it to ensure dynamic and competitive markets.

3. The goals and scope of competition and antitrust laws

‘The goals and scope of competition and antitrust laws’ evaluates the goals and scope of competition and antitrust laws. Competition laws seek to protect the competitive process in the marketplace from companies that seek to distort it. By safeguarding free and fair markets, competition laws promote consumer welfare as well as efficiencies in the marketplace. While key competition law principles are similar across the world, competition laws are not internationally uniform, but are instead customized by each jurisdiction. A comparison can be made between US Federal Antitrust Law and the EU competition law. There are also other jurisdictions that apply competition laws, including China, Japan, and South Korea.

Аnalysis of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process of qualified handball players with the application of the information control system

The purpose of the article is to determine the information-significant indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process of qualified handball players of different roles using the information support system. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and data of the Internet; content-analysis of scientific and methodical materials of a complex scientific group; pedagogical observations; analysis and expert interpretation of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process; ascertaining pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Literature data show that the issues of creating an information support system in the process of determining information-significant indicators of technical and tactical handball actions of players of various roles remain unresolved. It is established that the complex of selected coefficients, indices and calculated values creates the technology of express evaluation of indicators of technical and tactical actions in the competitive process of qualified handball players of different game roles, to obtain individual, group and team indicators. It is shown that the information support system, which contains computer programs «InfoHandball» and «StatsHBall», is effective for calculation, analysis and express evaluation of integrated parameters of competitive activity of handball players in a match, series of matches or tournament. Conclusions. According to the indicators of thrown balls (goals) there is a tendency: the highest indicators of the player of the role of «left midfielder», the average indicators of players of the role of «left extreme» and «linear», with minimum-sufficient indicators of handball players of other roles («right extreme», «right middle», "central»)

Free and Regulated Competition: Two Forms of the Competitive Principle Implementation

Although interference in the competitive mechanism is a fact of economic reality, the controversy around free and regulated competition does not subside. In contrast to opposing these forms of competition to each other, the author views them as ensuring re-creation of competitive relations at qualitatively different stages of competition development. Based on the reproduction approach, the objective nature of these forms’ existence is revealed, and the reasons for transition from free to regulated competition are shown. Free competition is interpreted as a way of the competitors selection mechanism, acting without regard to position occupied by competitors in the market. Regulated competition is characterised by external interference, carried out by influencing the mechanism and results of the competitive process, in competitive selection. Considering free and regulated competition as a means of maintaining the competitive principle and restoring rivalry relationships, the author concludes that each form reflects the specifics of the implementation of this principle at different stages of the competitive system development. At the same time, the transition from free competition to its regulated form is interpreted as a way of resolving the internal contradiction within the competition, and at the same time as an evidence of its evolution. This interpretation is not only of theoretical significance related to justification of the need to regulate competition. It is a methodological key to determine areas and boundaries of intervention in the competitive process for competitive policy. The current stage of competition development is characterised by a high rate of change, ultimate and unpredictable, and requires a transition to new regulatory measures affecting the competitive principle itself. The study of this side of regulated competition seems to be the most promising. This article focuses on the subjective side of macrocompetition represented by institutions (antitrust laws) and actors (rivals and regulators). However, the evolution of competitive conditions and competitors also change the content of the competitive principle. This requires regulation of competition from within.