scholarly journals Digital Life: Creative and Open-ended

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Costa Baciu
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Partial Truth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Digital Computers

Digitization? What does the term mean; and why does it matter? One can occasionally read in news or social media that the United States and the Netherlands were among the first countries in the world to be digitized, while most other countries stayed behind, much to their own disadvantage. However, such statements only reflect a partial truth. They only reflect how digital computers and the Internet swept the globe. Yet, digital computers and the Internet are only the latest wave of digitization. To understand what is happening in the long run, let us put this latest wave of digitization into its broader context. We will understand that almost all life is fundamentally digital. The consequences are of hallmark importance: Everywhere we look (into cities, geography, culture, virtual spaces, language, ecosystems, epidemics, virus infections, etc.) life can be studied with the same mathematical tools; and almost everywhere the same theories apply.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vaccination Rates on the Infection of COVID-19 under the Vaccination Rate below the Herd Immunity Threshold

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7491
Author(s):  
Yi-Tui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Although vaccination is carried out worldwide, the vaccination rate varies greatly. As of 24 May 2021, in some countries, the proportion of the population fully vaccinated against COVID-19 has exceeded 50%, but in many countries, this proportion is still very low, less than 1%. This article aims to explore the impact of vaccination on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the herd immunity of almost all countries in the world has not been reached, several countries were selected as sample cases by employing the following criteria: more than 60 vaccine doses per 100 people and a population of more than one million people. In the end, a total of eight countries/regions were selected, including Israel, the UAE, Chile, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hungary, and Qatar. The results find that vaccination has a major impact on reducing infection rates in all countries. However, the infection rate after vaccination showed two trends. One is an inverted U-shaped trend, and the other is an L-shaped trend. For those countries with an inverted U-shaped trend, the infection rate begins to decline when the vaccination rate reaches 1.46–50.91 doses per 100 people.

Implementation of Virtual Classroom and Zoom Networks in Continuing Student Learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbaiti Nurbaiti ◽  
Nadhrah Al Aflah ◽  
Supardi Supardi
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Virtual Classroom ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Activity System ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Internet Networks ◽  
Use Of Internet

Almost all corners of the world have been affected or affected by this Covid-19 virus disease, even some countries have set a lockdown status and other anticipations for the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The alternative used in this bold learning activity system is to utilize the internet network, namely the Zoom Meeting and Classroom application. This study aims to determine students' perceptions of the use of internet networks such as zoom meetings and classrooms used and how effective learning is during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research conducted here uses descriptive qualitative research methods. And the results of this study indicate that the zoom application is an application that is very effective and preferred by students because it is easier to use and very efficient when the learning process is bold and shows that some students who give their perception of the application used during learning that are brave are the Zoom Meeting application, namely the application. Zoom Meeting. by 66.7%, followed by the Google Meet application at 22.2% and the Classrom application at 11.1%.  

scholarly journals The world market for soybeans: price transmission into Brazil and effects from the timing of crop and trade

Nova Economia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Margarido ◽  
Frederico A. Turolla ◽  
Carlos R. F. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This paper investigates the price transmission in the world market for soybeans using time series econometrics models. The theoretical model developed by Mundlack and Larson (1992) is based on the Law of the One Price, which assumes price equalization across all local markets in the long run and allows for deviations in the short run. The international market was characterized by three relevant soybean prices: Rotterdam Port, Argentina and the United States. The paper estimates the elasticity of transmission of these prices into soybean prices in Brazil. There were carried causality and cointegration tests in order to identify whether there is significant long-term relationship among these variables. There was also calculated the impulse-response function and forecast error variance decomposition to analyze the transmission of variations in the international prices over Brazilian prices. An exogeneity test was also carried out so as to check whether the variables respond to short term deviations from equilibrium values. Results validated the Law of the One Price in the long run. In line with many studies, this paper showed that Brazil and Argentina can be seen as price takers as long as the speed of their adjustment to shocks is faster than in the United States, the latter being a price maker.

Chapter III. The World Overseas

1963 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Long Run ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Second Year

The outlook for world industrial production—and consequently in the long run for world trade-is, if anything, a little more cheerful than it was in November. The prospect is still that the rise in both will be slower than in recent years; but the risk that there might be no rise at all is much smaller than it was. First, the fears of any appreciable dip in the United States economy this year have largely evaporated. Then, for the second year running, industrial production in EEC countries, after apparently flattening off in the middle of the year, rose in the fourth quarter; this adds some confirmation to the forecast of a reasonable rise in EEC output next year.

Counterterrorism and the Western Response

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-75
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S ◽  
United Nation

There has been a neglect on the part of Western governments with focus on the U.S. to take seriously the internet campaign that ISIS has been waging since 2014 and the affective response that still draws citizens from across the world into their promise of a civilized, united nation for Muslims. It is possible that the West, even with a severely increased commitment to fighting the Islamic State, may be too late. This chapter will explore responses by Western governments including the United States to fight internet-enabled terrorism.

Digital Democracy in Authoritarian Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1533-1543
Author(s):  
Rachel Baarda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Print Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Digital Democracy ◽  
The World

Digital media is expected to promote political participation in government. Around the world, from the United States to Europe, governments have been implementing e-government (use of of the Internet to make bureaucracy more efficient) and promising e-democracy (increased political participation by citizens). Does digital media enable citizens to participate more easily in government, or can authoritarian governments interfere with citizens' ability to speak freely and obtain information? This study of digital media in Russia will show that while digital media can be used by Russian citizens to gain information and express opinions, Kremlin ownership of print media, along with censorship laws and Internet surveillance, can stifle the growth of digital democracy. Though digital media appears to hold promise for increasing citizen participation, this study will show that greater consideration needs to be given to the power of authoritarian governments to suppress civic discourse on the Internet.

Chinese Culture and Internet E-Commerce

2011 ◽  
pp. 267-288
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Guidelines

The potential for the Internet and e-commerce in China and Chinese-speaking nations (including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore) is huge. Many experts believe that China will have the second largest population of web surfers, after the United States, by the year 2005 (McCarthy, 2000). Currently, the Internet population in China is doubling every six months (CNNIC, 2001). There are many issues relating to China’s cultural aspects and society, which can impact the design and content of web sites that are directed towards Chinese audiences. Some of these issues include basic differences between Chinese and American/Western cultures, family and collective orientations, religion and faith, color, symbolism, ordering and risk/uncertainty. Attention is given to the differences between the cultures of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, as well as addressing issues brought up by related theories and frameworks. A discussion of important considerations that relate to using Chinese language on the World Wide Web (WWW) is also included. Finally, insights are gained by examining web sites produced in China and Chinese-speaking countries. This chapter will focus on many of these issues and provide practical guidelines and advice for those who want to reach out to Chinese audiences, whether for e-commerce, education, or other needs.

Electronic Government and Integrated Library Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 1229-1334
Author(s):  
Yukiko Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Republic

Twenty First Century Government is enabled by technology— policy is inspired by it, business change is delivered by it, customer and corporate services are dependent on it, and democratic engagement is exploring it. Technology alone does not transform government, but government cannot transform to meet modern citizens’ expectations without it (Cabinet Office, 2005, p. 3). According to the E-Government Readiness Ranking Report (United Nations, 2005), in 2005 the United States was the world leader followed by Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom; and in 2004 the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Estonia, Malta, and Chile were also among the top 25 “e-ready” countries. The Ranking Report further emphasizes that 55 countries, out of 179, which maintained a government Web site, encouraged citizens to participate in discussing key issues of importance, and that most developing country governments around the world are promoting citizen awareness about policies, programs, approaches, and strategies on their Web sites—thus making an effort to engage multi-stakeholders in participatory decision-making. Indeed, one of the significant innovations in information technology (IT) in the digital age has been the creation and ongoing development of the Internet—Internet technology has changed rules about how information is managed, collected, and disseminated in commercial, government, and private domains. Internet technology also increases communication flexibility while reducing cost by permitting the exchange of large amounts of data instantaneously regardless of geographic distance (McNeal, Tolbert, Mossberger, & Dotterweich, 2003). In Hirsch’s (2006) words, “The Internet has finally achieved the convergence dream of the 1970s and everything that can be canned in digital form is traveling the Net” (p.3).

Cyber Harassment and Free Speech

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
James Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Amendment ◽  
Private Information ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cyber Harassment ◽  
The World ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Rigorous Test

For most people the internet has been a dream come true, allowing instantaneous access to a vast array of information, opinion, and entertainment and facilitating communication with friends and family throughout the world. For others, however, the internet has wrought a nightmare, allowing often anonymous enemies a platform for vicious attacks on the character of their victims and a means for revealing to the world embarrassing private information about them. To combat these attacks, victims and law enforcement officials in the United States have employed both analogue remedies such as harassment and stalking laws as well as cyber-specific provisions. Since the attacks involve speech, however, all these remedies must comport with the First Amendment. The typical response of courts and commentators to the First Amendment issues raised in these cases is to ask whether the perpetrator’s speech falls within one of the limited and narrow traditional exceptions to First Amendment coverage, such as true threats, defamation, obscenity, or fighting words. This approach is understandable in light of unfortunate dicta in several United States Supreme Court decisions—that all content-based restrictions of speech other than speech falling within one of these exceptions are subject to “strict scrutiny,” a rigorous test that few speech restrictions can pass. This chapter argues that this approach to dealing with cyber harassment is misguided. This methodology often results in shoehorning the speech at issue into exceptions into which the speech does not fit, or worse yet, in a finding that the speech is protected by the First Amendment simply because it does not fall within a recognized exception.

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