The problem of defining the women’s status in sugar-refining industry: “woman” – “half-worker” – “worker” (on an example of sugar factories of Kyiv province, 1880s–1900s)

This article regards the problem of defining the women’s status in the sugar-refining industry of the Russia Empire post-reform period. Based on the cases of sugar factories of Kyiv province during the 1880s–1905s, the author illustrates a complicated process of determining the role and the place of female laborers in the professional structure of industrial institutions which relate to this type of industry. Due to the fact that women had been recruited to unqualified parts of the working class (in the majority of cases), they remained at the bottom of the hierarchy of industrial labor. In contrast to men-laborers, who were distributed by the qualification parameter and professional skill (qualified/unqualified labor force), women-laborers were distributed by the gender parameter. Based on the archival materials of the factory inspection funds and in-factory documentation, it was found that working women were most often identified into the category “women” (“zhenschina”), less often as “part-time workers” (“polurabochaya”), and even less often as “workers” (“rabochaya”). It is possible to say that such division differed significantly from the distribution among the male part of the working class (“rabochiy/polurabo- chiy”). After all, a woman working in an industrial space was generally perceived not as a full-fledged unit of labor but as a supplement to qualified male labor. However, the model proposed by the author of this study: “woman” – “semi-worker” – “worker”, opened a different angle, according to which a woman’s professional position was not clearly fixed and could de facto change, regardless of the type of the performed work (qualified or unqualified). As a result, all these sources and evidence allow us to state that the period of industrialization and modernization provided for women (though not significant) a space for opportunities to realize their own work.

الأموال المشتركة بين الزوجين بين الفقه والواقع

It is well known that women in pre-Islamic Jahiliyya and before Islam were practiced at all levels, so they were not a worthy thing, and society at that time did not recognize her any of the rights, whether they were moral or financial rights. Rather, they were bequeathed similarly to that as the goods that were inherited until Islam came and higher than that responded to their dignity and make them synonymous with the man he says (not Taatmnoa what is the virtue of God with one another for men's share, which gained for women's share, which gained and ask Allah of his bounty that God had knowledge of all things) women: 32, and the campus on Aladhar men and Adilha said Gel would (O ye who believe, do not you solve that women do not possess ing Tedlohn to go to some of Ateetmohn but come Pfahach indicating the interpretation of the meaning Ltamohn may be that you dislike a thing and Allah makes it much good) women: 19 This is for women in general, as for the wife, he has proven to her rights arising from marriage, such as the dowry, maintenance, clothing, pleasure, her right to inheritance after the death of the husband, and other rights that were dealt with in detail by the ancient jurists. As circumstances have changed, and in the past women are no longer content to sit at home and take care of the affairs of the husband and children. The woman went out to work and began to contribute to the financial burdens alongside her husband, in addition to that the emergence of women's rights associations that began to advocate for the right of women to share money with the husband. The beneficiary during the period of marriage and considering her work at home as a work that deserves a wage, and the emergence of legislation in some Islamic countries, such as Tunisia and Malaysia, for example, giving the wife the right to share with the husband the money collected during marital life, all of this prompted me to contribute to shedding light on this issue that was not addressed to it. The old jurists and I thought to shed light on the types of money gained during married life, and the ruling for each type is as follows: 1- Private funds for both spouses before the establishment of married life. 2- Funds obtained as a result of a partnership between the spouses 3- Funds obtained as a result of women working with men. 4- Funds obtained as a result of the woman working alone, excluding her unemployed husband. 5- Funds obtained by the husband only, without any direct participation of the woman in its collection. 6- Fatwas and legislations in some Islamic countries regarding this matter. The research was concluded with a conclusion that includes the most important findings and recommendations that the researcher sees.

'Two hours extra for working from home': Reporting on gender, space, and time from the Covid-field of Delhi, India

This article explores, through the case study of Prachi, a young woman working for an e- commerce company in Delhi, India, the immediate and potential long-term gendered implications of the Covid-19 pandemic. While one of the more ‘privileged’ workers who did not lose her job during the crisis, Prachi had to suddenly and swiftly adapt to the practice of ‘work-from-home’. As a neophyte service worker with very limited infrastructure for working at home, Prachi experienced deterioration in her physical and mental health. While working long hours to keep her family afloat during this difficult time, she also had to negotiate the compulsion to participate in housework. Her employers’ distrust and increased surveillance has left her feeling vulnerable, particularly as a woman whose work is not given due recognition in the organisation. Prachi’s account highlights that although the practice of work-from-home affords flexibility to workers, it can also result in the exacerbation of inequalities. This article outlines the need for closer examination of the gendered implications of work transitions during the pandemic.

Social and professional perceptions of a single career woman working in tertiary education

​As someone committed to becoming a leader in the professional development community, Wendy Gough writes from the perspective of a single working professional and shares how her presence as a gendered individual has impacted her experiences.

Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.

PERAN WANITA TANI DALAM SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA DI SUKO REJO KELURAHAN LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA (The Role of Farmer Woman in the Socio Economic Family in Suko Rejo Lempake Urban Village Samarinda City)

This study aimed to know the role of farmer woman in socio economic family. The location of research was in the Suko Rejo, Lempake Urban Village, Samarinda City with a total of 25 respondents. Data were analyzed by method of descriptive. The results of this research showed that farmer woman in Suko Rejo, Lempake Urban Village, Samarinda City works as tailor, vegetable seller, opening food stalls at home, washing worker, farm labor, farmer, and as caregiver. Farmer woman gives contribution as family income and it increases family welfare. Factors cause farmer woman working such as the high of daily need, the small of husband income, the responsibility in household, and the use of free time.

Cutaneous sensitization to aziridine preceding the onset of occupational asthma

We describe a 47-year-old non-atopic woman, working as a spray painter in a tannery for 23 years, with a 16-year history of cutaneous symptoms and a subsequent 2-year history of asthmatic symptoms after exposure to aerosol and vapour of polyfunctional aziridine (PFA) at work. To confirm the occupational origin of the dermatitis and asthma we performed a skin prick test with PFA and a specific inhalation challenge (SIC) with PFA. Prick test with PFA elicited an immediate positive skin reaction. She developed an immediate asthmatic reaction upon SIC with PFA. The onset of occupational dermatitis before asthma is consistent with the hypothesis that the sensitization to PFA was triggered in the skin. The observation that the reactions elicited in skin and airways upon exposure to PFA exhibited the same time course, suggests a similar mechanism at both sites. Thus, the avoidance of both skin and airway exposure to PFA should be recommended in workplace hygiene practice.

'Pushing the limits': experiences of women in tropical peatland research

Science fields, including tropical peatland research, are facing persistent under-representation of women. In this perspective piece, we explore, as women at different stages of our career, our personal experiences of ‘what is it like to be a woman working in tropical peatland science’? We collected our responses and analysed them thematically. Although we come from a variety of different backgrounds and cultures, our responses all dealt with common issues, such as from practical challenges of being women in the field, persistent sexism, issues of harassment to navigating the politics of research as a woman. The peat swamp is seen as a site of rebellion against traditional gender roles. Senior female role models were also vital for us all, which highlights that mentoring schemes in aquatic and wetland research, as in other science fields, need further consideration and investment. Continuing to improve gender balance is central to effecting a positive change in research culture, and we stress that the issue of the ‘bravado’ surrounding fieldwork needs to be further explored and challenged. By pushing these ‘limits’ both in the field and in the academy, we will not only produce a more equal and compassionate working environment, but also ultimately improve our science.

Gender in the Honky Tonk as a Space of Representation

This study was prepared to investigate the gender roles in honky tonk organization, which has an important place in the bureaucratic structure of Ankara and can be considered as the place of representation against the representations of space, specifically in the film Dutturu Dunya. The film Dutturu Dunya was shot at a time when the new realism movement started in Turkish Cinema and found personality with Zeki Ökten. In the film, Ulus, Bakanlıklar mounted for the representation of the space and Hıdırlıktepe which is an extension of the representation space and described as the slum area are used as the main place. In the study, the gender roles are explained based on space fiction and dialogue of the film. It was seen as a result of the analysis that unlike the common opinion, not only the body and labor of woman working in honky tonk but also body and labor and labor exploitation of men were realized. The matter distinguishing male and female workers is that honky tonk is a place where woman goes astray but man somehow earns his living.