Genetic variance and heritability estimation of hybridized pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) F2 progeny for begomovirus resistance in growth stage

Pepper is widely cultivated as a condiment and cash crop in Indonesia. However, Pepper yellow leaf curl disease (PepYLCD) caused by begomovirus is currently seriously affect the domestic pepper production. Breeding for begomovirus resistance material by crossing is currently necessary to overcome the constraint. The present study is aimed to determine the resistance of pepper (C. annuum) plants F2 progenies to begomovirus infection in the growth stage. Two local C. annuum accessions, BaPep-5 as a resistance donor for pepy-1 begomovirus resistance gene (locally called Perintis) and BaPep-4 as a susceptible parent (locally called Kencana) were crossed to generate F2 progenies. The research was conducted in Agricultural Extension Training Centre (BLPP) Saree and Horticulture Laboratory of Syiah Kuala University from February to July 2020. 500 F2 progenies were transplanted to the field along with 15 plants of each parent as control. The result suggested that plant height and crown width had the highest broad sense heritability value, whereas the dichotomous height, stem diameter, secondary branch, and tertiary branch had the lowest broad sense heritability value. Coefficient of genetic variance and coefficient of phenotypic variance from overall characteristics were relatively low which suggest the narrow sense to slightly narrow sense heritability.

Circumflex Accessory Branch of the Superficial Fibular Nerve: An Unusual Cause of Nerve Entrapment

The superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve traditionally courses through the anterolateral deep leg and pierces the deep crural fascia at the lower leg to divide into its terminal branches. Entrapment of the superficial fibular nerve is most commonly documented to occur at where it pierces the deep fascia, and numerous etiologies causing entrapment are described. In this case report, we describe an unusual cause of entrapment from a tertiary branch of the superficial fibular nerve taking a circumflex course and wrapping around the secondary branch of the main nerve. This was successfully treated by surgical excision. To the best of our knowledge, this cause of entrapment has not been described in the literature at the time of this publication.

PENGARUH AMPAS SAGU DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS LADA PERDU

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Ampas sagu berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan organik untukmeningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Pengaruh ampas sagu terhadap kesuburantanah ditentukan oleh tingkat dekomposisi dan komposisinya. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat dekomposisi ampas sagu terhadappertumbuhan dan produksi lada perdu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KebunPercobaan Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempahdan Obat pada bulan Mei 2003 sampai April 2004. Tanaman yangdigunakan adalah tanaman lada perdu umur 4 tahun yang ditanam dibawah tanaman karet. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok(RAK), dengan 3 ulangan dan 6 tan/perlakuan yang menguji perlakuankombinasi antara tingkat dekomposisi ampas sagu(W) dan komposisinyadengan kompos (A), terdiri dari : W 0 = ampas sagu dekomposisi 0 bulan,W 1 = ampas sagu dekomposisi 1 bulan, dan W 2 = ampas sagu dekomposisi2 bulan dan A 1 = 100% ampas sagu, A 2 = 75% ampas sagu + 25% kompos,A 3 = 50% ampas sagu + 50% kompos dan A 4 = 25% ampas sagu + 75%kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mulsa ampassagu 100 % dalam bentuk segar dekomposisi 1 bulan ternyata menghambatpertambahan jumlah cabang tersier lada perdu hingga akhir penelitian.Dibandingkan dengan kontrol terjadi perbedaan pengaruh yang nyataterhadap komponen produksi, sebagai respon terhadap kombinasiperlakuanW 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 1 A 3 pada panjang tandan (9,13; 9,03; 8,70 cm),dan W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 0 A 4 pada jumlah biji/tandan (46,67; 43,00; 41,73biji/tandan), serta W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 2 A 3 pada bobot kering buahlada/tanaman (323,20; 314,90; 297,85 g/tanaman). Pemberian ampas sagu75% + 25% kompos (W 2 A 2 ) dan 100% (W 2 A 1 ) dekomposisi 2 bulanmampu meningkatkan jumlah biji 91 - 107% dan menghasilkan bobotkering buah yang tinggi sebesar 323,20 dan 314,90 g per tanaman.</p><p>Kata kunci: Ampas sagu, mulsa, lada perdu, produktivitas</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Use of Sago Waste and Compost to Increase theProductivity of Bushy Black Pepper</p><p>As a source of organic matter to improve soil fertility, sago wastecan also be used as an ameliorant and natural herbicide. The effect of sagoand compost on soil fertility is determined by the grade of decompositionand its compositions. An experiment was conducted at the experimentalgarden of Bogor Agricultural University Bogor and Indonesian Medicinaland Aromatic Crops Research Institute, from May 2003 to April 2004.Plant material used was bushy black pepper of the Petaling variety, 4 yearsold, planted under rubber trees. The treatments used were A 1 W 0 = 100%sago waste without decomposition; A 1 W 1 = 100% sago waste after 1month decomposition; A 1 W 2 = 100% sago waste after 2 monthsdecomposition; A 2 W 0 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost, withoutdecomposition; A 2 W 1 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost, after 1 monthdecomposition; A 2 W 2 = 75% sago waste + 25% compost, after 2 monthsdecomposition; A 3 W 0 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost, withoutdecomposition; A 3 W 1 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost, after 1 monthdecomposition; A 3 W 2 = 50% sago waste + 50% compost, after 2 monthsdecomposition; A 4 W 0 = 25% sago waste + 75% compost, withoutdecomposition; A 4 W 1 = 25% sago waste + 75% compost, after 1 monthdecomposition; A 4 W 2 = 25% sago waste + 75% compost, after 2 monthsdecomposition; TBO = without organic matter (control). The experimentwas performed with a randomized block design, with 3 replicates and 6plants/plot. The results showed, that 100% sago palm waste after 1 monthdecomposition hampered number of tertiary branch until the end ofresearch. The real difference on the productivity components as a respondof combination sago waste treatments wereW 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 1 A 3 for lengthof stem (9.13; 9.03; 8.70 cm), and W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 0 A 4 for number ofberries/spike (46.67; 43.00; 41.73 kernels/spike), and W 2 A 2 , W 2 A 1, W 2 A 3for dry weight of berries/plant (323.20; 314.90; 297.85 g/plant).Extension of 75% sago palm waste+ 25% compost (W 2 A 2 ) and 100%(W 2 A 1 ) after 2 months decomposition were able to increase amount ofseed 91 - 107 % and dry weight of berries /plant which were323.20 and314.90 g per plant.</p><p>Key words: Sago waste, mulch, bushy pepper black, productivity</p>

Pengaruh sumber dan lama simpan batang atas terhapa pertumbuhan hasil grafting tanaman durian

Pertumbuhan bibit setelah penyambungan dipengaruhi oleh sumber batang atas yang digunakan. Selama ini penggunaan batang atas sebagai bahan grafting masih besifat umum yaitu penggunaan sumber batang atas belum spesifik berasal dari cabang tertentu sehingga belum jelas sumber batang atas yang dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan sambungan. Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji keberhasilan penyambungan dengan menggunakan entres dari berbagai cabang dan lama penyimpanannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama menggunakan berbagai jenis sumber cabang (primer, sekunder, tersier). Perlakuan kedua yaitu lamanya waktu penyimpanan cabang (0 hari, 2 hari, 4 hari, 6 hari). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi sumber dan lama penyimpanan batang atas tidak mempengaruhi jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, diameter tunas dan luas daun total tanaman durian hasil grafting. Sumber batang hanya mempengaruhi diameter batang saja.AbstractSeedling growth after grafting is effected by the source of the upper stem. Currently, the stem used as grafting material is not in particular source and part of the branch, so it is unclear to determine the success of this activity. This study wanted to examine the success of the interaction between entres upper stem from various branches and the duration of storage. The study used factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was various types of branch sources (primary branch, secondary branch, tertiary branch). The second factor was the storage time periode (0 day, 2 days, 4 days, 6 days). The results showed that the interaction of the branch source and duration of storage of the upper stem did not affect the number of shoots, shoot length, shoot diameter and total leaf area of durian grafting plants. The source of the stem only affected the diameter of the stem.

Adaptibility of tomato genotypes suitable for coastal region of Patuakhali in Bangladesh

A field experiment was carried out at the Regional Horticultural Research Station, Lebukhali, Patuakhali, during the winter. The experiment was conducted to find out adaptive tomato genotypes suitable for coastal Patuakhali region considering their growth and yield performance. The genotypes of this experiment showed significant influence independently on different parameters of tomato plant. The maximum plant height (86.80 cm) was found in BARI tomato-3. The maximum primary (2.55), secondary (9.55) and tertiary branch (4.48) were obtained from BARI tomato-14. The maximum number of leaves (34.93) obtained from BARI tomato-14. The highest length of largest leaves (35.87 mm) was recorded in BARI tomato-3. The maximum number of flower clusters plant-1 (19.47), number of flowers cluster-1 (6.62), number of fruit cluster-1 (4.84), number of flowers plant-1 (126.3), number of fruits plant-1 (88.0), minimum date for 50% flowering(53.33), highest percentage of fruit setting (76.27), minimum days to first harvest (101.7) were obtained from BARI tomato-14. Moreover, BARI tomato-14 also performed better in respect of yield (3.51 kg/plant and 124.8 t/ha). It may therefore concluded that the genotype BARI tomato-14 showed better growth and yield performance under the coastal condition and suitable for Patuakhali region.Progressive Agriculture 28 (2): 84-91, 2017

Interrelationship and Association of Characters in Juvenile Plants of Embelia ribes Burm.

Embelia ribes Burm. Myrsinaceae is a medicinal woody climber. This species is reported to be vulnerable in the Western Ghats of penninsular India. Natural regeneration of E. ribes is poor due to over exploitation, fragmented populations, development of abortive embryos and slow germination of fertile seeds. The present study is an attempt to analyse the interrelationship and association of morphological and biophysical characters in juvenile plants of Embelia ribes Burm. Ten growth characters and six biophysical characters were studied for the purpose in the case of a juvenile seedling population. Correlation analysis revealed the interrelationship of characters. Factor analysis has shown that the 16 characters under study can be grouped in to three factors. Relative water content in leaves showed the highest factor loading in factor 1followed by total chlorophyll content. In factor 2, number of leaves per tertiary branch showed the highest factor loading.

Crystallization of Iron Slags Found in Eraly Medieval Bloomery Furnaces

In the last few years iron slag finds from the Late Avar Period (7-9th cent.), the Period of Hungarian conquest (10th cent.) and the Árpáds (11-13th cent.) uncovered in sites of excavation in the Carpathian Basin had been examined. The pieces of slags are by-products of the metallurgical process of bloomery and forming procedure of iron blooms. The structure of the examined slags was very heterogeneous from the metallographic point of view. The amorphous phase as well as panelled and dendritic crystallization can be found, which was the more frequent. Secondary, nay, tertiary branch of dendrite often can be studied, which was the result of gradual cooling. It was typical for its microstructure that minerals formed from oxides of elements with lower atomic number than iron (Al, Mg, Ca, etc.) surround the fayalite-rich parts. These minerals sometimes also have a high quantity of Fe, sometimes those have a very low Fe-content. The examination of microstructure can help to determine the type of the slag, whether it comes from metallurgical (as a tap-slag or cinder) or forming process, and to specify and reconstruct the metallurgical and physicochemical processes in the medieval bloomery.

Progesterone induces side-branching of the ductal epithelium in the mammary glands of peripubertal mice

Development of the functional secretory epithelium in the mammary gland of the female mouse requires the elongation of the anlage through the mammary fat pad to form the primary/secondary ductal network from which tertiary ductal side-branches and lobuloalveoli develop. In this study we examined the hormonal requirements for the spatial development of the primary/secondary epithelial network and tertiary side-branches by quantifying ductal growth and epithelial cell proliferation in normal and hormone-treated BALB/c mice between 21 and 39 days of age. In normal mice, an allometric increase in ductal length commenced at 31 days of age and resulted in completion of the primary/secondary ductal network by 39 days of age. Concurrent with this allometric growth was a significant increase in cellular proliferation in the terminal end-buds (TEBs) of the ductal epithelium from 29 days of age, as determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. A level of cellular proliferation similar to that in the TEBs of 33-day-old control mice could be induced in the TEBs of 25-day-old mice following treatment for 1 day with estrogen (E), or progesterone (P) or both (E/P), indicating that both E and P were mitogenic for epithelial cells of the peripubertal TEBs. However, the period of allometric ductal growth in untreated mice did not correspond to an increase in serum E or P (which might have been expected during the estrous cycle). In addition, epithelial growth was not observed in mammary glands from 24-day-old mice that were cultured in vitro with E, P or E/P. In contrast to treatment with E, treatment with P promoted a dramatic increase, relative to control mice, in the number of tertiary branch points upon the primary/secondary ductal network. BrdU labeling of mammary glands from 24- 33-day-old mice pelleted with cholesterol (C), E, P or E/P confirmed the greater mitogenicity of P on the epithelial cells of the secondary/tertiary ducts as compared with C or E. Concurrent with these changes, localized progesterone receptor (PR) expression in clusters of cells in the ductal epithelium was associated with structures that histologically resembled early branch points from ductules. In conclusion, our results suggest that additional endocrine growth factor(s) other than E and P contribute to the development of the primary/secondary ductal network, and that P is responsible for the formation of tertiary side-branches in the mammary glands of mice during puberty.

Endotoxin-induced alterations in contractility of isolated blood vessels from sheep

The present study examined reactivity to norepinephrine (NE) and KCl in isolated, suffused blood vessels from the systemic and pulmonary circulations of endotoxin-treated and control sheep. A possible mechanism underlying an endotoxin-induced alteration in vascular reactivity was also investigated. Chronically instrumented sheep were given Escherichia coli endotoxin (1.5 micrograms/kg). Eight to 12 h later these endotoxin-treated animals exhibited a significantly increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular pressure and resistance. The pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance were not changed. The isolated superficial femoral artery from the endotoxin sheep exhibited depressed contractions in response to KCl (75 mM) and to NE (10(-7)-10(-5) M), whereas the pulmonary artery (tertiary branch) did not exhibit altered reactivity. The decreased sensitivity to NE in the femoral artery from endotoxin sheep did not appear to involve an alteration of alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors, or an increased release of vasodilator prostanoids, or endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

On Major and Minor Branches of Rooted Trees

Let denote a rooted tree with n nodes. (For definitions not given here, see, e.g. [4]). For any node v of , let B(v) denote the subtree of determined by v and all nodes u such that v is between u and the root of ; node v serves as the root of B(v). The branches of are the subtrees B(v) such that node v is joined to the root of . A branch B with i nodes is a primary branch of if n/2 ≦ i ≦ n – 1; if has a primary branch B with i nodes, then a branch C with j nodes is a secondary branch if (n – i)/2 ≦ j ≦ n – 1 ≦ i; if has a primary branch B with i nodes and a secondary branch C with j nodes, then a branch D with h nodes is a tertiary branch if