scholarly journals The Potential Prebiotic Berberine Combined With Methimazole Improved the Therapeutic Effect of Graves’ Disease Patients Through Regulating the Intestinal Microbiome

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Han ◽  
Chaoping Cen ◽  
Qianying Ou ◽  
Yonggui Pan ◽  
Jiachao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Diffuse Goiter

Graves’ disease, a typical metabolism disorder, causes diffuse goiter accompanied by ocular abnormalities and ocular dysfunction. Although methimazole (MI) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of GD, the efficacy of methimazole is only limited to the control of clinical indicators, and the side effects of MI should be seriously considered. Here, we designed a 6-month clinical trial that divided the patients into two groups: a methimazole group (n=8) and a methimazole combined with potential prebiotic berberine group (n=10). The effects of both treatments on thyroid function and treatment outcomes in patients with GD were assessed by thyroid index measurements and gut microbiota metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the addition of berberine restored the patients’ TSH and FT3 indices to normal levels, whereas MI alone restored only FT3. In addition, TRAb was closer to the healthy threshold at the end of treatment with the drug combination. MI alone failed to modulate the gut microbiota of the patients. However, the combination of berberine with methimazole significantly altered the microbiota structure of the patients, increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactococcus lactis while decreasing the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei and Chryseobacterium indologenes. Furthermore, further mechanistic exploration showed that the addition of berberine resulted in a significant upregulation of the synthesis of enterobactin, which may have increased iron functioning and thus restored thyroid function. In conclusion, methimazole combined with berberine has better efficacy in patients with GD, suggesting the potential benefit of berberine combined with methimazole in modulating the composition of intestinal microbes in the treatment of GD, providing new strong evidence for the effectiveness of combining Chinese and Western drugs from the perspective of modulating the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Association of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites With Disease Progression in Children With Biliary Atresia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Li-Ying Sun ◽  
Zhi-Jun Zhu ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Wei Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Microbiota Structure

Background and AimsBiliary atresia is the most common cause of liver disease and liver transplantation in children. The accumulation of bile acids in hepatocytes and the stimulation of the intestinal microbiome can aggravate the disease progression. This study investigated changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in biliary atresia and the possible effects of these changes on disease progression.MethodsStool samples of biliary atresia at different disease stages and matched control individuals were collected (early stage: 16 patients, 16 controls; later stage: 16 patients, 10 controls). Metagenomic sequencing was performed to evaluate the gut microbiota structure. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to detect and analyze the metabolites and bile acid composition.ResultsA disturbed gut microbiota structure occurred in the early and later stages of biliary atresia. Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Enterococcus have always been dominant. The abundance of V. atypica displayed significant changes between the early and later stages of biliary atresia. Combined with clinical indicators, Spearman’s analysis showed that Klebsiella and Veillonella atypica strongly correlated with liver enzymes. Enterococcus faecium had an enormously positive relationship with lithocholic acid derivatives. Metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism were changed in the patients with biliary atresia, which had a significant association with stool V. atypica and blood total bilirubin (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe liver damage of biliary atresia was directly or indirectly exacerbated by the interaction of enriched Klebsiella (K. pneumoniae), Veillonella (V. atypica), and Enterococcus (E. faecium) with dysmetabolism of tryptophan and bile acid.

scholarly journals Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum supplied with methimazole improved the thyroid function of Graves’ disease patients through the gut-thyroid axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxue Huo ◽  
Chaoping Cen ◽  
Haibo Chang ◽  
Qianying Ou ◽  
Shuaiming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody ◽  
Thyroid Axis

AbstractGraves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder that frequently results in hyperthyroidism and other symptoms. Here, we designed a 6-month study with patients divided into three treatment groups, namely, methimazole (MI, n = 8), MI + black bean (n = 9) and MI + probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (n = 9), to evaluate the curative effects of probiotics supplied with MI on thyroid function of patients with GD through clinical index determination and intestinal microbiota metagenomic sequencing. Unsurprisingly, MI intake significantly improved several thyroid indexes but not the most important thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb), which is an indicator of the GD recurrence rate. Furthermore, we observed a dramatic response of indigenous microbiota to MI intake, which was reflected in the ecological and evolutionary scale of the intestinal microbiota. In contrast, we did not observe any significant changes in the microbiome in the MI + black bean group. Similarly, the clinical thyroid indexes of patients with GD in the probiotic supplied with MI treatment group continued to improve. Dramatically, the concentration of TRAb recovered to the healthy level. Further mechanistic exploration implied that the consumed probiotic regulated the intestinal microbiota and metabolites. These metabolites impacted neurotransmitter and blood trace elements through the gut-brain axis and gut-thyroid axis, which finally improved the host’s thyroid function.

scholarly journals Ginger Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Severity by Improving the Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Wenye Geng ◽  
Shan Chen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xuli Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
And Function

The effects of ginger on gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis have been widely investigated using experimental models; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the therapeutic effects of ginger and the regulation of the gut microbiota. We used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis and found that ginger alleviated colitis-associated pathological changes and decreased the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of the feces samples showed that mice with colitis had an intestinal flora imbalance with lower species diversity and richness. At the phylum level, a higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria, Proteobacteria and firmicutes, were observed; at the genus level, most samples in the model group showed an increase in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The overall analysis illustrated an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_murinus, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_615, and Ruminiclostridium_sp._KB18. These increased pathogenic bacteria in model mice were decreased when treated with ginger. DSS-treated mice showed a lower abundance of Muribaculaceae, and ginger corrected this disorder. The bacterial community structure of the ginger group analyzed with Alpha and Beta indices was similar to that of the control group. The results also illustrated that altered intestinal microbiomes affected physiological functions and adjusted key metabolic pathways in mice. In conclusion, this research presented that ginger reduced DSS-induced colitis severity and positively regulated the intestinal microbiome. Based on the series of data in this study, we hypothesize that ginger can improve diseases by restoring the diversity and functions of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus gallinarum modulates the gut microbiota and produces anti-cancer metabolites to protect against colorectal tumourigenesis

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323951
Author(s):  
Naoki Sugimura ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Eagle Siu Hong Chu ◽  
Harry Cheuk Hay Lau ◽  
Winnie Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing

ObjectiveUsing faecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identified the depletion of Lactobacillus gallinarum in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the potential antitumourigenic role of L. gallinarum in colorectal tumourigenesis.DesignThe tumor-suppressive effect of L. gallinarum was assessed in murine models of CRC. CRC cell lines and organoids derived from patients with CRC were cultured with L. gallinarum or Escherichia coli MG1655 culture-supernatant to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Gut microbiota was assessed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Antitumour molecule produced from L. gallinarum was identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and targeted mass spectrometry.ResultsL. gallinarum significantly reduced intestinal tumour number and size compared with E. coli MG1655 and phosphate-buffered saline in both male and female murine intestinal tumourigenesis models. Faecal microbial profiling revealed enrichment of probiotics and depletion of pathogenic bacteria in L. gallinarum-treated mice. Culturing CRC cells with L. gallinarum culture-supernatant (5%, 10% and 20%) concentration-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation. L. gallinarum culture-supernatant significantly promoted apoptosis in CRC cells and patient-derived CRC organoids, but not in normal colon epithelial cells. Only L. gallinarum culture-supernatant with fraction size <3 kDa suppressed proliferation in CRC cells. Using LC-MS/MS, enrichments of indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) was identified in both L. gallinarum culture-supernatant and the gut of L. gallinarum-treated mice. ILA displayed anti-CRC growth in vitro and inhibited intestinal tumourigenesis in vivo.ConclusionL. gallinarum protects against intestinal tumourigenesis by producing protective metabolites that can promote apoptosis of CRC cells.

scholarly journals 91 Electronic probes for assessment of changes in gastrointestinal microbiome in nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Scott D Carter ◽  
Kitty Cardwell ◽  
Andres Espindola Camacho ◽  
Ishtar Silva Lara
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Metagenomic Sequence ◽  
Nursery Pigs

Abstract Gut microbiota play an important role in extraction, synthesis and absorption of nutrients. Commensal bacteria prevent pathogenic bacteria colonization and maintain intestinal epithelium integrity. The most common families of commensal bacteria in nursery pigs are Prevotellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lachnospitaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Ruminicoccaceae and Streptoccocaceae. Understanding the microbial abundance shifts that causes health disruption leading to diarrhea and stunted growth performance can be of great benefit for developing mitigation strategies. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology facilitates metagenomic approaches, developing sequencing profile representing any and all organisms within a sample. Electronic-probe Diagnostic Nucleic acid Analysis (EDNA) is a bioinformatic tool originally developed to detect species-specific plant pathogen targets in metagenomic databases. EDNA has been shown to reduce time to detect microbial signatures in large metagenomic sequence data. However, it has not previously been used as a metagenomic tool for assessing microbiome composition at the family level. Therefore, a metagenomic sequencing based in silico detection of gut microbiota using E-probes of the seven most common commensal families was developed and further validated in vitro. E-probes were designed from the selected families as follows, Prevotellaceae (89,565), Clostridiaceae (58,554), Erysipelotrichaceae (195), Lachnospitaceae (87), Lactobacillaceae (211,507), Ruminicoccaceae (14,575) and Streptoccocaceae (54,632). Fecal metagenomes of nursery pigs from 0, 7, 14, and 21 d were used to validate the E-probes. The hits were able to detect the relative abundance variations of the 4-time periods. The results between hits and reads were as follows, Prevotellaceae (r2 = 0.98), Clostridiaceae (r2 = 0.99), Erysipelotrichaceae (r2 = 0.99), Lachnospitaceae (r2 = 0.99), Lactobacillaceae (r2 = 0.91), Ruminicoccaceae (r2 = 0.99) and Streptoccocaceae (r2 = 0.98). These results validate in silico usage of E-probes to detect the relative abundance variations in gut microbiota. Further in vitro validation will be performed to assess the microbial changes related to diet in nursery pigs.

gutMEGA: a database of the human gut MEtaGenome Atlas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Zhang ◽  
Kai Yu ◽  
Shihua Li ◽  
Xiaolong Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Metagenome

Abstract The gut microbiota plays important roles in human health through regulating both physiological homeostasis and disease emergence. The accumulation of metagenomic sequencing studies enables us to better understand the temporal and spatial variations of the gut microbiota under different physiological and pathological conditions. However, it is inconvenient for scientists to query and retrieve published data; thus, a comprehensive resource for the quantitative gut metagenome is urgently needed. In this study, we developed gut MEtaGenome Atlas (gutMEGA), a well-annotated comprehensive database, to curate and host published quantitative gut microbiota datasets from Homo sapiens. By carefully curating the gut microbiota composition, phenotypes and experimental information, gutMEGA finally integrated 59 132 quantification events for 6457 taxa at seven different levels (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) under 776 conditions. Moreover, with various browsing and search functions, gutMEGA provides a fast and simple way for users to obtain the relative abundances of intestinal microbes among phenotypes. Overall, gutMEGA is a convenient and comprehensive resource for gut metagenome research, which can be freely accessed at http://gutmega.omicsbio.info.

scholarly journals Unique Features of Ethnic Mongolian Gut Microbiome revealed by metagenomic analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
Jiachao Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Wu ◽  
Shunfeng Cai ◽  
Weiqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Taxonomic Profile

Abstract The human gut microbiota varies considerably among world populations due to a variety of factors including genetic background, diet, cultural habits and socioeconomic status. Here we characterized 110 healthy Mongolian adults gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared the intestinal microbiome among Mongolians, the Hans and European cohorts. The results showed that the taxonomic profile of intestinal microbiome among cohorts revealed the Actinobaceria and Bifidobacterium were the key microbes contributing to the differences among Mongolians, the Hans and Europeans at the phylum level and genus level, respectively. Metagenomic species analysis indicated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Coprococcus comeswere enrich in Mongolian people which might contribute to gut health through anti-inflammatory properties and butyrate production, respectively. On the other hand, the enriched genus Collinsella, biomarker in symptomatic atherosclerosis patients, might be associated with the high morbidity of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Mongolian adults. At the functional level, a unique microbial metabolic pathway profile was present in Mongolian’s gut which mainly distributed in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. We can attribute the specific signatures of Mongolian gut microbiome to their unique genotype, dietary habits and living environment.

scholarly journals Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction Regulates Treg/Th17 Balance to Ameliorate DSS-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Mice by Altering the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Mengxiong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Microbes

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic pathology associated with extensive intestinal microbial dysregulation and intestinal inflammation. Thus, efforts are underway to manipulate the gut microbiome to improve inflammatory pathology. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely utilized for treating diarrhea and ulcerative colitis (UC) for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanism of its efficacy and whether its protective effect against colitis is mediated by the gut microbiota are poorly understood. In the present study, our data demonstrated that modified GQD (MGQD) administration significantly improved the pathological phenotypes and colonic inflammation challenged by DSS in mice, which were specifically manifested as reduced loss of body weight, shortening of colon length, DAI score, histological score and suppressed inflammatory response. 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabonomics analysis showed that MQGD altered the diversity and community landscape of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolic profiles. In particular, MQGD significantly boosted the abundance of the intestinal microbiota producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are causally associated with promoting the development of Treg cells and suppressing the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. More importantly, transferring fecal microbiota from MGQD-treated or healthy controls exhibited equivalent alleviative effects on colitis mice. However, this protective effect could not be replicated in experiments of mice with depleted intestinal microbes through broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktails (ABX), further supporting the importance of SCFA-producing gut microbiota in the beneficial role of MGQD. In general, MGQD therapy has the potential to remodel the intestinal microbiome and reestablish immune homeostasis to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis.

scholarly journals Effects of Iron and Zinc Biofortified Foods on Gut Microbiota In Vivo (Gallus gallus): A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Mariana Juste Contin Gomes ◽  
Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino ◽  
Elad Tako
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Dietary iron and zinc deficiencies are a global health concern. Bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract depend on minerals to maintain their activities; thus, recent evidence suggests that biofortified foods can modulate the host’s beneficial bacterial taxa. The current review analyzed the research data that linked between iron and zinc biofortified foods and gut microbiota modulation. The data analysis was based on the PRISMA guidelines and the data search was performed at PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases for experimental studies published from January 2010 until December 2020. The five selected studies were conducted in an experimental in vivo model (Gallus gallus). The identified and discussed research showed positive effects of biofortified foods on the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Further, an increase in short chain fatty acids producing bacterial populations as Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus, and a decrease in potentially pathogenic bacteria as Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Enterobacter was identified due to the consumption of biofortified foods. In conclusion, biofortified foods may contribute to improved gut health without increasing the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. The dietary inclusion of approximately 50% of iron/zinc biofortified foods has a significant beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. Additional studies in humans and animal models are warranted to further establish the suggested effects on the intestinal microbiome. PROSPERO (CRD42020184221).

Abstract #1202: A Case of Graves’ Disease With Fluctuating Thyroid Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Sheela Metgud ◽  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Erin Drever ◽  
Tahira Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Graves Disease
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