Behavioural Component in the Development of the Moral Culture among Preschool Children

The relevance of the study is defined by the need to identify the current moral level of pre-schoolers, to identify factors that positively and negatively affect the moral culture of the child, as well as to develop a methodological foundation for the effective and controlled development of moral culture, ethical principles and empathy among children of 4-5 years old considering the behavioural component. This study focuses on assessing the real levels of moral and cultural development among children, their systematisation and analysis, and making recommendations for teachers and parents to develop moral qualities in a child. The leading method for studying this problem is an experimental method that enables a comprehensive assessment of the moral culture among preschool children. In addition, methods such as structural analysis, comparative method, statistical method, synthesis and deduction methods, and the method of classification were used in the study. The study presents the results of an experiment to establish the level of development of the behavioural component of moral culture among preschool children, reveals the weaknesses of the development of this component, identifies methods of pedagogical influence on the development of moral culture, and makes recommendations for activities, pedagogical methods, and techniques that can be used to make a predictable positive impact on the moral culture of the child. The study materials are of practical value for teachers of preschool educational institutions, child psychologists, as well as teachers and students of pedagogical programmes, and parents.

The Politicised Child During the Seventeenth-Century British Civil Wars: An Historical Perspective on Representations of Children and Trauma During Conflict

The seventeenth-century British Civil Wars had a scale and impact to rival modern conflicts and its effects extended to children as well as adults. What might be today termed “child soldiers” were found in the armies in combat and supporting roles. Many more were witnesses to the conflict or had their lives changed by its consequences. This article is an historical case study of socio-cultural constructions of children, childhood and warfare. It aims to highlight the diverse nature of both historic and modern child experiences of warfare, and the plethora of ways that these experiences were and are understood and represented by adults. It argues that the evidence from the Civil Wars supports the scholarship of child psychologists such as Derek Summerfield that children in conflict should not always be regarded as victims but could display agency, whilst also acknowledging social, cultural, economic and political pressures. Although children in the Civil Wars may have experienced trauma, the evidence is insufficient to prove this and evidence for a contemporary concept of the psychologically damaged child as a result of conflict is ambiguous. However, what the evidence does uncover is the ways in which adults used representations of children to express their own anxieties about the Civil Wars.

Features of Short-Term Fear Corrections in Preschool Children

Teaching 5-7-year old children with fear problems to cope with them is a substantial issue for many parents. The techniques that rapidly and effectively correct problematic child fears are essential for child psychologists. This study aims to reveal how to work effectively with children’s fears through short-term psychological support. A total of 90 students enrolled at various schools in Moscow between the ages of 5-7 participated to the study with a high number of fears. The study utilized the “Fear House” technique developed by Panfilova to determine the fears of children. The art therapy technique “Eliminating fears”, developed by Venger was also used to help children cope with their fears. The application indicates that there was a significant decrease in children’s fears.

PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGISTS AND EDUCATORS OF CEI

The article considers the problem of professional burnout and its connection with the working atmosphere of child psychologists and educators of CEI. The professional range of work of child psychologists and educators of CEI is revealed and compared. Professional burnout is shown in the context of the employee’s interaction with the co-workers and its impact on the quality of work. The comparison revealed the phase of the burnout syndrome at the stage of the formation, which means that workers are in the state of stress, which depends on external influences. It was justified that the professional burnout of psychologists and educators of CEI is manifested mostly in the following phenomena: depersonalization, apathy, depression, pessimism, nervous breakdowns and the fear of not coping with their responsibilities. Organizational and methodological aspects of the research are described. Probationers in this study were women of different ages, child psychologists and educators of CEI. Empirical study of the influence of the syndrome of their burnout was conducted in various development centers and children’s educational institutions. In winter 2020, 18 persons were interviewed and 22 persons took part in a study during the spring quarantine, caused by COVID-19, in conditions of self-isolation. In particular, the level of professional burnout was determined by using the method of V.V.Boyko “Diagnosis of the level of emotional burnout” (Boyko, 2009). To highlight the psychological factors of burnout and study the impact of working atmosphere on burnout of psychologists and educators of CEI, the method of assessing organizational culture K. Cameron, R. Quinn (Kim S. Cameron, Robert E. Quinn, 2011), the method PsyCapQuestionnaire (PCQ) Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Avey, J., & Norman, S. (F Luthans, B. J. Avolio, J. B. Avey, and S. M. Norman, 2007), “Attitude to work” (Trofimov, Milutina, 2020) and “Communicative Tolerance” (Boyko, 1998) was used.

Child’s Illusion of Legal Certainty in Jerome Frank’s Legal Psychology

Publication of the book “Law and the Modern Mind” in 1930 by J. Frank became one of the starting points in the history of American legal realism. The problem of legal certainty is central in the work of J. Frank. For him the vital question was why lawyers, judges and general public “believe in” and “rely on” the myth of certainty and exactness of the legal rules. One of the reasons J. Frank finds in our childish way of thinking that is tend to fixed, stable and immutable set of mechanical rules. According to the works of child psychologists, J. Frank elaborated and described the childish illusion of world’s clarity, the important element of which is the connection of the child with his father, and its counterpart in adult’s desire for legal certainty.

Defining Benchmarks in Pediatric Burn Care: Inception of the Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaborative

Pediatric burn care is highly variable nationwide. Standardized quality and performance benchmarks are needed for guiding performance improvement within pediatric burn centers. A network of pediatric burn centers was established to develop and evaluate pediatric-specific best practices. A multi-disciplinary team including pediatric surgeons, nurses, advanced practice providers, pediatric intensivists, rehabilitation staff, and child psychologists from five pediatric burn centers established a collaborative to share and compare performance improvement data, evaluate outcomes, and exchange best care practices. In December 2016, the Pediatric Injury Quality Improvement Collaborative (PIQIC) was established. PIQIC members chose quality improvement indicators, drafted and approved a memorandum of understanding (MOU), data use agreement (DUA) and charter, formalized the multidisciplinary membership, and established a steering committee. Since inception, PIQIC has conducted monthly teleconferences and biannual in-person or virtual group meetings. A centralized data repository has been established where data is collated and analyzed for benchmarking in a blinded fashion. PIQIC has shown the feasibility of multi-institutional data collection, implementation of performance improvement metrics, publication of research, and enhancement of aggregate and institution-specific pediatric burn care.

Life after Domestic Homicide: Examining the Psychosocial Implications on Children-Survivor

Although the problem of domestic violence has received considerable attention, the study of domestic homicide is relatively recent and limited to precipitating conditions or the act itself. Most of the literature on familicide focuses on the personality characteristics of the victim and perpetrator or tries to answer the question, “How did the death happen?” Little notice, however, has been given to the children of the victim and offender who, in the midst of their loss and extreme suffering, inherit the fallout from the death of one parent, and incarceration of the other. The study therefore explored the psychosocial implications of parental absence on account of death and incarceration on surviving children. Qualitative data were obtained from 18 convicted and awaiting trial inmates for spousal homicide in three selected prisons in Lagos state, key informant interviews (KII) with four officials of Office of Public Defenders (OPD), three officials of Directorate of Public Prosecutions (DPP) and two child psychologists. Surviving children of domestic homicide suffer massive upheaval, psychiatric disturbance, ill health, financial difficulties, ostracism, scars from witnessing the domestic violence that preceded the murder and the propensity for future intrafamilial violence. The study concludes that direct and indirect exposure to domestic violence and homicide is negatively associated with children’s emotional, behavioural and developmental well-being. Hence, welfare of such children which should include therapy, relief of suffering, resolution of trauma symptoms, provision of supportive environment and clarification of cognitive or emotional distortions about the homicide should be incorporated in the prosecution process by relevant agencies.

Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire Very Short Form (CBQ VSF) and its adaptation to the population of the Czech Republic

This study provides information on the adaptation of the CBQ VSF (Children’s Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form) temperament description questionnaire. Objectives: The aim of the study was to adapt the CBQ VSF temperament questionnaire to the Czech child population for possible distribution to child psychologists for research purposes. Materials and methods: The data were obtained from a representative sample of parents of 840 children, 442 boys (53%) and 398 girls (47%), between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Results: The tool was tested in terms of its factor structure and the internal consistency and attributes of each item, all with respect to the age and gender of children in the target group. Scales were created for boys and girls and stratified by age and gender. Upon the completion of the work, the CBQ VSF questionnaire was adapted for use in research activities targeting the Czech population. Study limits: The results are based on the parental evaluation, but this was entirely consistent with the process of creation of the original tool.

The Classification of Children Gadget Addiction: The Employment of Learning Vector Quantization 3

The addiction of children to gadgets has a massive influence on their social growth. Thus, it is essential to note earlier on the addiction of children to such technologies. This study employed the learning vector quantization series 3 to classify the severity of gadget addiction due to the nature of this algorithm as one of the supervised artificial neural network methods. By analyzing the literature and interviewing child psychologists, this study highlighted 34 signs of schizophrenia with 2 level classifications. In order to obtain a sample of training and test data, 135 questionnaires were administered to parents as the target respondents. The learning rate parameter (α) used for classification is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 with window (Ɛ) is 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and the epsilon values (m) are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3. The confusion matrix revealed that the highest performance of this classification was found in the value of 0.2 learning rate, 0.01 learning rate reduction, window 0.3, and 80:20 of ratio data simulation. This outcome demonstrated the beneficial consequences of Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) series 3 in the detection of children's gadget addiction.

Neuropediatric rehabilitation for psychogenic gait disorders in children and adolescents

Psychogenic gait disorders in children and adolescents represent a unique neuropediatric and rehabilitative challenge. The inability to walk frequently strikes abruptly. Triggers are not easily identifiable. Patients are commonly admitted to the hospital in an emergency. In view of the dramatic clinical picture, parents are perturbed. They expect rapid diagnostic clarification and therapy. If physical, laboratory, and X-ray examinations do not disclose any significant pathological findings, parents generally insist on consulting diverse specialists and clinics. The pivotal point of the course of treatment is the parent–doctor–patient relationship. This is notably true when child psychologists or psychiatrists have to be consulted. Typical risks and decision conflicts of the rehabilitation dynamics are described – these are augmented by several case vignettes.