تحوّل الطريقة التيجانية في المعاهد الحديثة عند رأي بيتر البيرغر TAHAWWUL ATH-THARIQAH AT-TIJANIYYAH FI AL-MAAHID AL-HADITSAH INDA RA'YI BITER ALBAGHIR

ركز الباحث إلى أن يبحث شأن الطريقة التيجانية من شكل التخارج الذي قام به الشيخ جوهري والشيخ تيجاني والشيخ أحمد فوزي لكونهم ممارسين للطريقة التيجانية في معهد الأمين الإسلامي برندوان، وجميعهم قادة المعهد ورؤساء الأمور في فتراتهم الخاصة. يستخدم هذا البحث دراسة ظاهرية، مع طرق جمع البيانات للرصد والمقابلات والتوثيق، ويتم تحليل نتائج البحث باستخدام نظرية بناء الواقع الاجتماعي لبيتر إل بيرغر. وأخيرا حصل الاستنتاج على أن البناء الذي قام به المشايخ الثلاثة المقدمة في المعهد مشير إلى نفس الأهداف أي تخريج الطلاب المتفوقين في الدين من استيعاب القيم والشخصيات النبيلة، مثل التوبة، والصدق، والصبر، والتقوى، والاستقامة، والامتنان، والورع، والزهد، والتواضع، من خلال التدريس المستمر للكتب الصوفية، وتقديم الحياة المثالية لطلابهم دائما. بالنسبة إلى أن الشيوخ الثلاثة لديهم أشكال ولهجات مختلفة. حيثما قاد الشيخ جوهري بشكل فردي، بينما من فترة الشيخ تيجاني إلى الشيخ أحمد فوزي تم تشكيل مجلس الرياسة، والذي نفذ الإدارة الحديثة والقيادة الجماعية. أشرك الشيخ جوهري الطلاب في الطريقة التيجانية، باختلاف ما لم يحث عليه الاثنان الآخران الطلاب على اتباع الطريقة التيجانية.AbstractThis study constructs the form of externalization performed by Kiai Djauhari, Kiai Tidjani, and Kiai Ahmad Fauzi as practitioners of the Tijaniyah Order at the Al-Amien Prenduan Islamic Boarding School, all of which are leaders and caregivers based on their respective periods. Moreover, while this is phenomenological-based research, its data collection methods appear to consist of observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, the research findings are analyzed through the theory of Social Reality Construction of Peter L Berger. In accordance with the conclusion, it revealed that the construction carried out by the three Kiais at the Islamic Boarding School possesses the same meaning, namely to produce mutafaqquh fiddin students by internalizing noble values and characters such as repentance, honesty, patience, god-fearing piety (taqwa), steadfastness (istiqamah), gratitude, abstinence (wara’), asceticism (zuhud’), sincerity and humility by continuously teaching the books of Sufism as well as providing an exemplary life for their students. However, the three of them have different forms and accentuations. While Kiai Djauhari seemed to lead individually, either Kiai Tidjani or Kiai Ahmad Fauzi appeared to lead by forming a Riasah Council which implemented modern management and collegial leadership in their respective periods. In addition, while Kiai Djauhari involved students in practicing the Tijaniyah Order, it seemed that the other two did not encourage students to do so.

The Levels of Transformational Leadership (TL) Practice and its Impact on the Organizational Health (OH) of School Teachers in Selangor and Perak: A Systematic Review

The main purpose of this review is to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational health in the context of leadership practices in schools. This review also aims to look at the characteristics of transformational leadership and how transformational leadership is created from various basic leadership theories. The methodology used is a systematic review in which n = 34 articles were selected for review after the filtering process based on a number of pre-determined criteria. This systematic review found that there was a correlation between the transformational leadership aspects introduced by Bass and the organizational health elements introduced by Hoy and Miskel. This is very important because it forms the basis of this research. The four aspects of transformational leadership, namely ideal influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration are related to organizational health elements, namely, integrity in institutions, collegial leadership, relationships between teachers and academic emphasis.

Culturally Foreign Teachers’ Perceptions of School Climate and Its Relationship to Their Self-Efficacy

This correlational study focuses on the influence of teacher-perceived school climate on the self-efficacy of teachers working in a culturally foreign environment. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory guides the study. Teachers who work in private and public schools in Abu Dhabi participated in the study. Teachers were surveyed using the School Climate Index to collect information about their perceptions of their school climate and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale was used to gather information about their self-efficacy. The study found that there is a positive correlation between the overall school climate and teachers’ self-efficacy as well as between three dimensions of school climate (collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, and community engagement) and teachers’ self-efficacy. The results also found that outcome of teachers’ self-efficacy, which is the dependent variable, can be predicted by the overall school climate. However, only collegial leadership and teacher professionalism were significant predictors for teacher self-efficacy in a multiple regression analysis. It can also be noted that despite being added to the predictive model, the impact of community engagement and academic press is not statistically significant. Implications of the study for enhancing self-efficacy among culturally foreign teachers are discussed.

Organizational Health and Teachers' Burnout: A Study of Selected Private Schools in the Punjab Province

This study is directed at exploring the relationship between organizational health and teachers' burnout in selected private schools in Lahore city. The health of an organization could be measured through five determinants, including institutional integrity, academic emphasis, collegial leadership, resource influence and teacher affiliation. These five determinants were studied in relation to three dimensions of burnout which consists of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Data were collected through the questionnaire method. A total of thirty-seven questions were asked from three hundred and eighty respondents. The data so collected were analyzed through SPSS. The conclusion was that there is a strong negative correlation between organizational health and teachers' burnout in private schools. It means that poor organizational health leads to increased burnout of the teaching community and vice versa. Introduction.

Principal Influence: A Catalyst for Positive School Climate

This investigation explores the relationships between principal influence and four facets of organizational climate: institutional vulnerability, collegial leadership, achievement press, and professional teacher behavior. Data were collected from 2,033 teachers at 112 elementary schools in two states from the Southern and Midwestern United States. The results of multiple linear regression analyses show that the independent variables of principal influence, SES, and school size combinedto form a significant portion of the variance in organizational climate. The four facets of organizational climate explored in this study provide insight into specific mechanisms through which influential principals can positively affect schools.

The Mediating Effect of Faculty Trust in Principals on the Relationship Between Servant Leadership Practices and Organizational Health

This study measured the mediating effects of faculty trust on the relationship between servant leadership and organizational health. The context of this research was within the field of education, with a focus on elementary education. Public schools in a district in Maryland participated in the research survey. A cross-sectional survey was utilized that incorporated three validated and reliable published instruments. The results of the study concluded the following: (a) servant leadership does have a significant impact on organizational health, (b) faculty trust does act as a mediator in the causal pathway although it is a partial mediator, and (c) faculty trust attenuates the influence that servant leadership has on organizational health. The results of this study were framed around six research questions related to the study of three variables. The questions were: (1) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and academic emphasis? (2) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and resource influence? (3) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and teacher affiliation? (4) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and institutional integrity? (5) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and collegial leadership? and (6) To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and faculty trust mediated by faculty trust? The research data supported findings that two of the five dimensions had a statistically significant relationship, collegial leadership, and institutional integrity. Teacher affiliation, resource influence, and academic emphasis did not have statistically significant relationships. The sixth question specifically stated, “To what extent is there a relationship between servant leadership and organizational health mediated by faculty trust?” The data supported faculty trust as a partial mediator and that the relationship between servant leadership practices and collegial leadership had the strongest relationship. However, when faculty trust was included in the relationships, it attenuated each of them.

The relation between school climate and preschool teacher stress

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between school climate and teacher stress. Specifically, the authors construct two parsimonious models to test two main hypotheses. First, whether preschool collegial leadership predicts teachers’ job stress through the mediating role of teacher self-efficacy; second, whether teacher professionalism influences teachers’ perceptions of occupational stress through the mediating role of teacher self-efficacy. Design/methodology/approach The authors conceptualized the mediating role of teacher efficacy as an important mechanism that can help to explain the effect of school climate on teacher stress. School climate consisted of two dimensions: principal collegial leadership and professionalism. Therefore, the authors constructed and examined two mediation models by using Bootstrapping mediation modeling: first, preschool teacher self-efficacy as a mediator between preschool collegial leadership and teacher stress; second, preschool teacher self-efficacy as a mediator between preschool teacher professionalism and teacher stress. Findings Results from two mediation analyses showed that principal collegial leadership exerts a significant negative effect on preschool teachers’ stress through the mediating role of teacher self-efficacy. Moreover, professionalism was also a significant predictor of preschool teachers’ stress through the mediating role of teacher self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the literature in terms of understanding the mechanism of how school climate helps to reduce teacher stress. First, the authors found that teachers’ individual well-being can be efficiently enhanced through a more collegial leadership. Second, the preschool leadership teams can create a supportive climate to reduce teachers’ stress by improving teachers’ professionalism. Originality/value This study offers a new perspective about understanding the internal and external mechanism of teacher stress. The authors discussed the results in light of the recent push by the Chinese Government to teacher quality improvement in early childhood education. The authors argued for prioritizing support for building a supportive school climate for teachers.

PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH PEREMPUAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR MUHAMMADIYAH 01 PEKANBARU

This article discusses the role of female school principals in efforts to improve the quality of education in Muhammadiyah Elementary School 01 Pekanbaru, which uses descriptive qualitative methods. The key informants were the Principal of the Muhammadiyah Elementary School 01 Pekanbaru and the supporting informants were teachers, foundation administrators, students, parents, and the surrounding community. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing and verification. The research findings show that female school principals have the ability to improve the quality of education by acting as administrators, supervisors, innovators and motivators. Supporting factors are: (1) friendly and gentle nature; (2) the assertiveness of women; (3) management knowledge; (4) willing to sacrifice both in terms of material and time; and (5) collective and collegial leadership. While the inhibiting factors are: (1) it is still difficult for a female leader to hide/ control her emotions; (2) physical condition which is weak or vulnerable to disease, is one of the obstacles to the role of women's leadership; and (3) the difficulty of collaborating with foundations, so that it impedes women's leadership a bit.

Schools Climate and Student Achievement in Secondary Schools of Ethiopia

A corelational research design was employed to examine if a relationship exists between organizational school climate and student achievement in Ethiopia secondary schools setting, and to investigate whether the various elements of school climate have independent effects on student achievement. Organisational climate was measured using the School Climate Index (SCI) developed by Tschannen-Moran, Parish and Dipaola and student achievement was measured by students’ test scores at the Ethiopia General Education Leaving Certificate Examination (GELCE) in the year 2014/15. A total of 32 schools, 973 teachers and 14882 students were involved in the study. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, Pearson r correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were applied for the data analysis. The results indicate that school climate has a significant and positive relationship with student achievement in Ethiopia secondary schools, but nonetheless, a weak one. The collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, and academic press were significantly and moderately correlated to students’ achievement while the community engagement sub scale was not. The four factors used both for the SCI as predictor variables in the regression model were shown to have a significant relationship with student achievement when viewed as a whole, but they generated more varied results when examined individually. Teachers’ professionalism is the most positive predictor of student achievement in Ethiopia secondary schools. Similarly collegial leadership and academic press are also found to be significant predictor of academic achievement. This study found no independent effect of community engagement on student achievement. It is recommended that school leaders should design school improvement plans that entail the school climate construct. School leaders need to find ways of including the community in the life of the school and foster positive relationships with the community. Principals in particular need to be mindful that the climate of a school affect achievement and the former can be enhanced to improve results.