Examination of high-risk prostate cancer patients: real practice in Russia

Introduction. Approaches to the diagnosis and staging of localized and locally advanced high-risk prostate cancer (PCa-НR) continue to be actively researched and improved. Materials and methods. In order to understand some of the controversial and controversial issues regarding the diagnosis of PCа-НR, a survey was conducted, in which 250 specialists took part – oncourologists, urologists, andrologists, specializing in the treatment / observation of patients with prostate cancer (PCа). The survey was conducted within the urological information portal Uroweb.ru by filling out a questionnaire. Results. The results obtained indicate that the most significant differences were obtained in views on the role of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) in the primary diagnosis of non-metastatic PCа and the importance of local prevalence in determining the risk of progression, while the attitude to genetic testing, primary local staging and prognosis criteria after radical prostatectomy in the majority respondents were similar. Conclusions. Most Russian oncourologists specialists involved in the treatment of PCа do not recommend that patients with PCа-HR perform PET/CT with prostate specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) and do not prescribe geneticist consultation and genetic counseling for non-metastatic PCа. To assess the local prevalence of the process in prostate cancer, based on the results of MRI, digital rectal examination and the percentage of tumor tissue in the biopsy sample. Most specialists determine the prognosis of a patient after RP by summing up the pathomorphological (PSA + radiological diagnostics + the result of histological examination) and clinical (PSA + radiological diagnostics + biopsy) indicators, which quite correlates with the global data.

Specific features of the head nurse’s work X-ray department of multidiscipline hospital

Modern departments of radiological diagnostics of large multidisciplinary hospitals are complex organizational structures, including subdivisions of X-ray diagnostics of various directions, ultrasound diagnostics, computed and magnetic resonance imaging. Today, X-ray diagnostics is undergoing a new development. Using the centuries-old experience of traditional X-ray techniques and armed with new digital technologies, radiation diagnostics is still the leader in diagnostic medicine.

Facial nerve palsy as the first sign of late breast cancer metastasis to the temporal bone

Introduction. Late metastases of malignant tumors in the temporal bone are very rare lesions. They can be asymptomatic for a long time, and usually manifest themselves in the form of hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and paralysis of the facial nerve. Modern radiological diagnostics and explorative surgery with biopsy are essential for diagnosis. Case report. We present a rare and unusual case of a 66-year-old female patient with a facial nerve paralysis that appeared as the first sign of metastatic breast cancer in the temporal bone 10 years after treatment. A sudden hearing loss and dizziness occurred six months later and value of CA 15-3 was elevated. Scintigraphy pointed to susceptible metastatic deposits of the axial skeleton, without lesions in the temporal bone. Finally, repeated computerized tomography revealed osteolytic changes of the temporal bone six months after that. Immunohistochemical analysis of mastoid tissue samples confirmed that it was a breast cancer metastasis. One year after palliative radiotherapy and oral hormone therapy, a patient has a good general condition with better function of the facial nerve. Conclusion. A high degree of clinical suspicion sometimes requires repeated radiological diagnostics in order to detect osteolytic metastatic changes in the temporal bone, but also in other bone structures within the hematogenous dissemination of the malignant disease.

USE OF MODERN CLOUD SERVICES IN RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS TRAINING

The aim: Is to present and substantiate approaches to the organization of radiation diagnostics training using cloud services. Materials and methods: The experimental research was carried out at on 306 students of the Bogomolets National Medical University. To perform the set tasks, some theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research were used, namely: system analysis method, bibliosemantic method, statistical method, modeling method. Results: The expediency of building a hybrid digital environment, which combines the capabilities of the corporate and public cloud service and allows one to create an information system of personalized access to electronic educational resources was justified. This environment is implemented within the cloud service Nextcloud. The basic components of radiological diagnostics training by means of network technologies are considered and characterized. An experimental test of the effectiveness of the cloud services use is conducted in the process of training radiological diagnostics. Conclusions: The expediency of creating a modern digital educational environment based on the Nextcloud service for training radiological diagnostics has been justified. Moreover, it is demonstrated that pedagogically balanced and reasoned introduction of cloud services in the educational process promotes increased efficiency of educational process of radiological diagnostics.

Study of correlation between biochemical indicators and radiological diagnostic parameters of breast cancer

The aim of this work was to study the correlation between some biochemical parameters and parameters of radiological diagnostics for early diagnosis of breast cancer. 76 patients with breast cancer were examined. In 48 of them was diagnosed breast cancer, in 28 of them was diagnosed benign breast neoplasms. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 79 years. The control group consisted of 16 healthy women. Oncological markers (CEA, CA 15-3), some pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) and lactoferrin were determined in serum by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All patients underwent ultrasound with a combination of Doppler and X-ray mammography. Ultrasound examination assessed the estimation of tumor size, contours, echogenicity, echostructure, the presence and nature of vascularization of breast tumors, and also assessed the location of regional lymph nodes. During mammography, the contours and sizes of the detected tumor were determined, and the presence of microcalcifications was also taken into account. The results of the study showed that a statistically positive correlation between some biochemical parameters and parameters of radiological diagnostics was established.

X-ray symptoms of odontogenic osteonecrosis of jaw, arised under influence of phosphorus-containing compounds

Тhe present article dwells upon the problem of the radiological diagnostics of the odontogenic jaw osteosteonecrosis, typical for the persons with the addiction to the drugs, containing phosphorus. Тhe research of the radiological evidence, typical for the aforesaid ailment is the goal of this article. Тhe patients are divided into 5 groups, the clinical situations are illustrated by radiographs, cone-beam and multispiral computer scans. Тhe signs discovered are applied as a basis for the rational surgical and medication treatment, and make it possible to differentiate between the odontogenic osteomyelitis of the commonplace etiology and desomorphine osteonecrosis as regards the patients with drug addiction.