scholarly journals Ivan Bunin and Eastern Mysticism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Yahyapour ◽  
Janolah Karimi-Motahhar
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The World ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
Name Of God

The influence of ideas of Eastern mysticism is manifested in Ivan Bunin’s understanding of the artistic path as spiritual ascent. This article analyses Bunin’s short stories The Death of the Prophet and The Stone based on the combination of times and spaces. The artistic specificity of these stories is determined by the presence of Biblical and Quranic motifs, as well as Saadi’s philosophical and parable texts. The article contains surahs of the Quran and fragments of Saadi’s poems, which make it possible to clarify the figurative genesis of Bunin’s stories characterised by a high artistic simplicity, brevity, and philosophical depth. The eastern imagery of the stories receives lyrical development in the poems Abraham, Law, Muhammad and Safiya, and others. It is noted that in The Death of the Prophet, the writer creates a typical image of a sage following the mystical path of spiritual improvement. Qur’anic influence is confirmed by the use of Bismillah in The Death of the Prophet and in the poem Law, i. e. the testimony that reveals 113 surahs of the Quran: In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. The authors pay special attention to the presence in The Death of the Prophet of Shahadatain, the formula of conversion to Islam containing the confession of the testimonies of Islam. Depicting the “other” eastern world, Bunin focuses on cultural, moral, and historical issues. In the work of the writer, emphasis is placed on the unity of the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Bunin’s orientalism, the distant world is portrayed as spiritualised and light. It is concluded that for the writer, the main thing is to “survey the Beauty of the World”, to see the “combination of the beautiful and the eternal”, to know what the “truth” is, and, finally, to complete the mystical path.

scholarly journals CHICKEN-AND-EGG DILEMMA BETWEEN INCOME AND ALMS: REVIEW OF ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fitri Nurjanah ◽  
Mutiara Sakinah ◽  
Askar Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test

Indonesia is the most generous country in the world. This is evident from the World Giving Index created by the Charities Aid Foundation which has placed Indonesia in the number one position in the world in 2018. There is an increase compared to the previous year, where Indonesia was in second place after Myanmar. The main indicators are the level of donating money, helping foreigners, and participating in volunteer activities. On the other hand, the World Bank in 2018 placed Indonesia in the sixteenth position based on GDP Current USD and the eighth position based on GDP PPP Current USD. This proves that income is not the main thing that encourages someone to give alms. However, it is still uncertain whether income and level of alms correlate with each other. Jones and Posnett (1991) revealed that an increase in the behavior of giving alms is not in line with an increase in household income. On the other hand, there is a significant positive relationship between income and a person's level of alms (Arshad, 2016). The two types of research mentioned (Jones and Posnett, 1991; Arshad, 2016) conducted testing at the micro level. Therefore, this research will concentrate more on the macro level. Pharoah and Tanner (1997) explain that people who consider religion important in their lives tend to give more. This study uses a quantitative approach to test the correlation between the World Giving Index and GDP using the Spearman rank correlation test. The Spearman rank correlation test measures the correlation between two random variables based on ranking order. The author has found that there is no correlation between high income and the desire to give alms. This research can be used as a reference for the Indonesian government to reduce inequality and poverty in the country by realizing the potential of alms in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The poetics of survival: experience of the first months of emigration in N.A. Teffi’s “Istanbul and the Sun” collection of short stories

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Ledenev ◽  
Kseniya S. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dual Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Established Order

The article analyses essays and stories included into N.A. Teffi’s “Istanbul and the Sun” book. The authors contend that interpretation of reality as an illusion or dream while staying awake is a notable characteristic of N.A. Teffi’s Istanbul prose. The authors conclude that one of the key themes of Teffi’s work - the perception of life as a dream - obtains in Istanbul sketches the dual status of a sociocultural verdict and a peculiar prescription for survival (concurrently aesthetical and psychological). On the one hand, dream seemingly deprives one’s consciousness of the course of time, i.e. the established order of days, months, and years. The writer views destitute life of Russian emigres in Istanbul as a social numbness or mirage which, however, may fade away some day. On the other hand, dream is a transition into the world of imagination, the sphere of fairy tale where historic upheavals have no significance, and which is granted the status of true reality in Teffi’s system of values.

scholarly journals The Participation of God and the Torah in Early Kabbalah

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Adam Afterman ◽  
Ayal Hayut-man
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
The World ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Name Of God

All Abrahamic religions have developed hypostatic and semi-divine perceptions of scripture. This article presents an integrated picture of a rich tradition developed in early kabbalah (twelfth–thirteenth century) that viewed the Torah as participating and identifying with the Godhead. Such presentation could serve scholars of religion as a valuable tool for future comparisons between the various perceptions of scripture and divine revelation. The participation of God and Torah can be divided into several axes: the identification of Torah with the Sefirot, the divine gradations or emanations according to kabbalah; Torah as the name of God; Torah as the icon and body of God; and the commandments as the substance of the Godhead. The article concludes by examining the mystical implications of this participation, particularly the notion of interpretation as eros in its broad sense, both as the “penetration” of a female Torah and as taking part in the creation of the world and of God, and the notion of unification with Torah and, through it, with the Godhead.

scholarly journals Toward the Expression of Shoah. Language Issue in Erwin Schenkelbach’s Stories.

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
V. Durkalevych
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Character Reading ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Simultaneous Reading ◽  
Identification Processes

Language represents different levels and is characterized by different semiotic registers in the context of the investigated collection of narratives. In particular, it relates to the language connections with acts of reading, speaking and writing. One of the clearly defined levels of language manifestation can be considered the functional field of the main character. Reading for him is the key to the world of culture and one of the ways of being in the world. Child narrator also creates his own reading technique – parallel simultaneous reading. Reading is meaningful sign of the narrator’s family life too. Narrator’s memories bring out images of reading parent, their favourite books and authors. Catastrophe carries a quantity of different dimensions of language, among which language as a strategy of survival. Stylistic speech registers actuate gender and sociolect issue. Unconventional dimension of language saves life of the hero in extreme survival situations. In the times of war language, on the one hand, divides world into ours and strangers, cuts the time for then and now, on the other hand, language is subjected to the pressure of alienation and ambivalence. Language also plays significant role in the process of hero’s self- identification. Traumatic experience of Shoah motivates the narrator to formulate fundamental questions in the context of self-identification processes. An important level of language functioning in short stories is the level of author's poetic system with its dialogical and intertextual peculiarities. This level is influenced by B. Schulz’s prose, E. Jabès’ poems and K. Jaspers’ concept of talking through the Second World War traumatic experience. Phenomenon under analysis requires further examination, including the involvement of a wider range of comparative materials connected with survivors' experience of Shoah from the child narrator modeling perspective. Specificity of the creation of the Other in E. Schenkelbach’s short stories deserves for a separate subject conversation. This will be the subject of our further research studies.

scholarly journals „Cмерти ведь — и дурак знает — нет, но есть разложение тканей”. Телесный аспект смерти в прозе Михаила Шишкина

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 561-585
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Tyszkowska-Kasprzak
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Sick People ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Approach

“After all — even a fool knows — death does not exist, but there is a decomposition of tissues”: The corporeal aspect of death in the proseof Mikhail ShishkinThe dominant theme in Mikhail Shishkin’s fiction is death, presented as considerations about the finiteness of existence, dying of oneself and others, posthumous existence, and immortality. A significant issue is also the description of the dying process and the existence of corpse after death. The article presents the theme of dying and corpse in the novels: The Taking of Izmail, Maidenhair, The Light and the Dark and Shishkin’s short stories. In these works, there is a whole spectrum of thanatological motifs which can be categorized basing on the cause of death. Shishkin describes both death by natural causes and various forms of inflicting death criminal and ritual murders, executions, killing on the battlefield, suicides. His protagonists recognize that it is the body that makes human life limited in time and death itself is perceived not as a moment of death but an uninterrupted process. Shishkin presents the changing bodies of old and sick people. More­over, he extensively describes corpses with striking naturalist attention to details.The corporeal aspect of death in Shishkin’s prose reveals a contemporary approach to the end of human life: on the one hand, the taboo of death is clear, on the other hand — fascination with corpse is visible in mass culture. Numerous images of dying and corpses in Shishkin’s fiction coexist with joyful themes affirming life, consequently, creating a vision of harmony in the world.„Przecież śmierci — nawet głupi wie — nie ma, ale jest rozkład tkanek”. Cielesny aspekt śmierci w prozie Michaiła SzyszkinaW twórczości Michaiła Szyszkina dominującym tematem jest śmierć, prezentowana jako rozważania o skończoności egzystencji, umieraniu swoim i innego, istnieniu pośmiertnym, nie­śmiertelności. Wiele miejsca zajmuje też opis procesu umierania ciała i jego istnienia po śmierci. W artykule przedstawiono obraz umierającego i martwego ciała w powieściach: Zdobycie twier­dzy Izmaił, Włos Wenery i Nie dochodzą tylko listy nienapisane oraz w opowiadaniach. W utwo­rach tych występuje całe spektrum motywów tanatologicznych, które można wyodrębnić na pod­stawie przyczyny śmierci. Szyszkin opisuje zarówno śmierć naturalną, jak i różne formy zadawa­nia śmierci zabójstwa kryminalne i rytualne, egzekucje, zabijanie na polu walki, samobójstwa. Bohaterowie jego utworów dostrzegają, że to ciało sprawia, iż życie człowieka jest ograniczone w czasie, a samą śmierć postrzegają nie jako moment zgonu, a nieprzerwany proces. Pisarz przed­stawia także zmieniające się ciała ludzi starych i chorych. Wiele miejsca poświęca też opisom martwych ciał, przy czym uderza w nich naturalistyczna detalizacja. Cielesny aspekt śmierci w prozie Szyszkina ujawnia współczesne podejście do zakończenia życia ludzkiego: z jednej strony wyraźna jest tabuizacja śmierci, z drugiej — fascynacja martwym ciałem, widoczna w kulturze masowej. Liczne obrazy umierania i trupów pozostają w utworach pisarza w równowadze z elementami radosnymi, afirmującymi życie, tworząc z nimi wizję har­monii w świecie.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

Experiment role in the world music (based on the «The Road» album of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band)

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Iia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Road ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Musical Practices

The main objective of this study is the substantiation of experiment as one of the key features of the world music in Ukraine. Based on the creative works of the brightest world music representatives in Ukraine, «Dakha Brakha» band, the experiment is regarded as a kind of creative setting. Methodology and scientific approaches. The methodology was based on the music practice theory by T. Cherednychenko. The author distinguishes four binary oppositions, which can describe the musical practice. According to one of these oppositions («observance of the canon or violation of the canon»), the musical practices, to which the Ukrainian musicology usually classifies the world music («folk music» and «minstrel music»), are compared with the creative work of «Dakha Brakha» band. Study findings. A lack of the setting to experiment in the musical practices of the «folk music» and «minstrel music» separates the world music musical practice from them. Therefore, the world music is a separate type of musical practice in which the experiment is crucial. The study analyzed several scientific articles of Ukrainian musicologists on the world music; examined the history of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band; presented a list of the folk songs used in the fifth album «The Road» by «Dakha Brakha» band; and showed the degree of the source transformation by musicians based on the example of the «Monk» song. The study findings can be used to form a comprehensive understanding of the world music musical practice. The further studies may be related to clarification of the other parameters of the world music musical practice, and to determination of the experiment role in creative works of the other world music representatives, both Ukrainian and foreign. The practical study value is the ability to use its key provisions in the course of modern music in higher artistic schools of Ukraine. Originality / value. So far, the Ukrainian musicology did not consider the experiment role as the key one in the world music.

Does Literature Matter Today? Thoughts of the Outside

CounterText ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Shaobo Xie
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
The World

The paper celebrates the publication of Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller's Thinking Literature across Continents as a significant event in the age of neoliberalism. It argues that, in spite of the different premises and the resulting interpretative procedures respectively championed by the two co-authors, both of them anchor their readings of literary texts in a concept of literature that is diametrically opposed to neoliberal rationality, and both impassionedly safeguard human values and experiences that resist the technologisation and marketisation of the humanities and aesthetic education. While Ghosh's readings of literature offer lightning flashes of thought from the outside of the Western tradition, signalling a new culture of reading as well as a new manner of appreciation of the other, Miller dedicatedly speaks and thinks against the hegemony of neoliberal reason, opening our eyes to the kind of change our teaching or reading of literature can trigger in the world, and the role aesthetic education should and can play at a time when the humanities are considered ‘a lost cause’.

Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy of Individuation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hengehold
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Most studies of Simone de Beauvoir situate her with respect to Hegel and the tradition of 20th-century phenomenology begun by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. This book analyzes The Second Sex in light of the concepts of becoming, problematization, and the Other found in Gilles Deleuze. Reading Beauvoir through a Deleuzian lens allows more emphasis to be placed on Beauvoir's early interest in Bergson and Leibniz, and on the individuation of consciousness, a puzzle of continuing interest to both phenomenologists and Deleuzians. By engaging with the philosophical issues in her novels and student diaries, this book rethinks Beauvoir’s focus on recognition in The Second Sex in terms of women’s struggle to individuate themselves despite sexist forms of representation. It shows how specific forms of women’s “lived experience” can be understood as the result of habits conforming to and resisting this sexist “sense.” Later feminists put forward important criticisms regarding Beauvoir’s claims not to be a philosopher, as well as the value of sexual difference and the supposedly Eurocentric universalism of her thought. Deleuzians, on the other hand, might well object to her ideas about recognition. This book attempts to address those criticisms, while challenging the historicist assumptions behind many efforts to establish Beauvoir’s significance as a philosopher and feminist thinker. As a result, readers can establish a productive relationship between Beauvoir’s “problems” and those of women around the world who read her work under very different circumstances.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

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