Coexistence and peace based on diversity in a multicultural society

This research paper is qualitative research, and the objectives are as follows: 1) To study the context of the community and society Political Culture and economy that facilitate coexistence 2) To study the factors contributing to coexistence and peace based on diversity in a multicultural society. Data was collected by gathering them from relevant documents, In-depth interviews with informants, small group chat, and participatory observation. The groups that provide information consists of community leaders, religious leaders, ethnic leader’s expert and the villagers, totalling 39 people. The researcher found out that: The social community context has strong relationships between networks. In terms of governance, there is a decentralized government to divide the government into a community worthwhile. Common village rules in terms of culture, beliefs, traditions, and rituals are inherited from ancestors and economic aspects, the concept of sufficiency economy is applied to the practice of integrated agriculture. It leads to the integration and formation of groups for the production, distribution, fundraising within the community. This is an important mechanism to ensure the sustainability of a shared learning community.

Masquerading the Government: Drivers of Government Impersonation Fraud

This article uniquely examines the drivers of government impersonation across US states. Government impersonation is a relatively new white-collar crime that is slowly being recognized by policy makers and largely ignored by researchers. Results show that it is the decentralized government structure, rather than government size, that significantly affects government impersonation. Greater diffusion of the Internet and economic freedom also contribute to impersonation fraud, while urbanization has a mitigating effect. The share of elderly residents, democratic governorships, or the distance of a state from the nation’s capital did not appreciably impact government impersonation but impacted overall fraud. Interestingly, greater enforcement employment results in more fraud coming to light. Some of the factors impacting government impersonation fraud differ from those affecting overall fraud. Therefore, blanket policies to combat overall fraud would not necessarily be effective in checking government impersonation.

PEMBAGIAN KEWENANGAN KEPALA DAERAH DAN WAKIL KEPALA DAERAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN

In the development of state administration after the second amendment to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, it gave birth to Regional Heads who were elected democratically. In a democratic manner based on Law no. 23/2014, the regional head is elected directly by the people along with the deputy regional head. Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads carry out decentralized government affairs based on the powers they have as regulated in Article 65 and Article 66 of Law no. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. This division of attribution authority is seen as one of the causes of conflict between the regional head and the deputy regional head in carrying out government affairs. Therefore, the division of authority for regional heads and deputy regional heads must be reviewed. In addition, the division of authority can also be done by way of delegation or mandate. The division of authority through delegation is stipulated by Regional Regulation (Article 13 Paragraph (2) letter b of Law No. 30 of 2014), while the distribution of authority through the mandate is stipulated by a Regional Head Decree (Article 66 Paragraph (2) of Law No. 23 of 2014).

Ontology Based Governance for Employee Services

Advances in computers and communications have significantly changed almost every aspect of our daily activity. In this maze of change, governments around the world cannot remain indifferent. Public administration is evolving and taking on a new form through e-government. A large number of organizations have set up websites, establishing an online interface with the citizens and businesses with which it interacts. However, most organizations, especially the decentralized agencies of the ministries and local authorities, do not offer their information electronically despite the fact that they provide many information services that are not integrated with other e-government services. Besides, these services are mainly focused on serving citizens and businesses and less on providing services to employees. In this paper, we describe the process of developing an ontology to support the administrative procedures of decentralized government organizations. Finally, we describe the development of an e-government portal that provides employees services that are processed online, using the above ontology for modeling and data management.

The stability of multi-level governments

This paper studies the stability of a multi-level government. We analyze an extensive form game played between two politicians leading two levels of government. We characterize the conditions that render such government structures stable. We also show that if leaders care about electoral rents and the preferences of the constituencies at different levels are misaligned, then the decentralized government structure may be unsustainable. This result is puzzling because, from a normative perspective, the optimality of decentralized decisions via a multi-level government structure is relevant precisely when different territorial constituencies exhibit preference heterogeneity.

DEVELOPING THE APPROACH OF E-SERVICES PROVIDING IN TERMS OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORM IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the paper is to describe the approach of e-services providing in Ukraine in terms of decentralization reform. Methodology. We suggest describing the approach of e-services providing. According to the subject of description, methodology could be classified in groups presented below: description of the background (part 3), which reveals the need for digital education; analysis of digital transformation in public administration decentralization reform (part 4); strategic analysis of the vision for public e-services providing (part 5); generalization of the approaches (part 6). The development of the method of descriptive analyses has been based on several sources, namely: studies of the case of public e-services providing in Ukraine; analyses of extant literature on public e-services and their development. Results. Developing innovative and flexible public e-services in Ukraine, capable for adapting to the citizens’ current needs, has become crucial for public administrations. Progress in e-Government tools implementation continues in Ukraine in terms of decentralization reform. The e-Government concept puts into practice as the ambition of Ukrainian decentralized government to use information and communication technology (ICT) to provide more efficient public e-services for citizens. The relationship between citizens and the local government is crucial and it is mediated through modeling the process of e-services developing and deeper understanding current citizens’ needs by governmental officials. Practical implications. Our research aims at developing bases for strategic vision on public e-services in Ukraine as a framework that lays the foundations enabling a public administration to build flexible and innovative system of e-services, by relying on four bases (openness, participation, collaboration and integration). Value/originality. Revealing the current stage of decentralization reform of Ukraine enable to provide a case study of the organizational, institutional and social capacities for digitalization of e-services and form a strategic vision for their systemic development.

Ezi agamniihu na mmepe tọrọ atọ: ntụle usoro ọchịchị agbụrụ atọ Kacha Pụta ihe na Naịjirịa

Usoro ọchịchị dị nnukwu mkpa na ndụ agbụrụ ọ bụla. Ka agbụrụ si hazi usoro ọchịchị ha, tinyere ka ndị ọchịchị si achị na-eme ka obodo gaa n’ihu maọbụ laghachi azụ. Agbụrụ atọ kacha pụta ihe n’ala Naijirịa bụ, Igbo, Hausa na Yoruba nwere usoro ọchịchị ọdịnaala tupu a chịkọọ ha ọnụ dị ka otu obodo. Bido n’oge ahụ ruo taa, Naịjirịa enwebeghị udo tọrọ atọ. Ọ bụ ọnọdụ dị etu a kpalitere ederede a n’itụle usoro agbụrụ atọ ndị a si achị onwe ha n’otu n’otu nke mere na agbụrụ o bụla ka na-ahụta onwe ha dị ka otu agbụrụ dị iche n’agbụrụ ndị ọzọ. Nke a ga-enye aka iji tụpụta atụmatụ kacha mma ga-enyere ala anyị bụ Naịjirịa aka inweta udo na agamniihu bụ ịgba. Iji nweta ebumnoobi a, e nyochara ederede dị iche iche ma gbasoo usoro akụkụkọala. Nchọpụta gosiri na agbụrụ Hausa na agbụrụ Yoruba bụcha ndị na-agbaso usoro ọchịchị ndị eze chi ha chibere ebe agbụrụ Igbo na-agbaso usoro ọchịchị ọha. N’otu aka ahụ, ala Naịjirịa na-agbaso usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, mana a chọpụtara na ha anaghị agbaso ya n’usoro ziri ezi. Ebe ọ dị etu a, ọ ga-aka mma ka e nye agbụrụ ọ bụla ikikere na ohere ịchị onwe ha, ka ọchịchị agbụrụ ọ bụla nwee ikikere karịa ọchịchị nke gọọmentị etiti ka nnwere onwe, agamniihu, mmepe, udo na ihụnaanya wee dị. N’otu aka ahụ ịkwafu ọbara, ịla ndụ na akụnaụba n’iyi ga-abụzị akụkọ mgbe ochie. Okwu Gbara Ọkpụrụkpụ: Agamniihu, Mmepe na Usoro Ọchịchị English AbstractThe method of leadership in the life of a nation is of great significance. This is because it is a strong determinant of a nation’s progress or downfall. A case in point is the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria – Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa. The three had a uniọue, traditional leadership style prior to the 1914 amalgamation of northern and southern Nigeria. From then to now, Nigeria has not experienced lasting peace. It is against this backdrop that this research eụplores the leaedership styles of the three ethnic groups in so far as their leadership styles have guaranteed their living together as one hitherto. This study is purposed to seek out the possibility of borrowing a leaf from the style of leadership of the three ethnic groups to see how they can help Nigeria to enjoy lasting peace, progress and development. The research work is historical in nature. With it, this study throws a search light into the leadership of the three ethnic groups to emulate the secrets of their success over the years. The study finds out that Hausa and Yoruba operate a monarchical style of leadership, whereas the Igbo have a republican kind of leadership. It is not democracy in the real sense of it. Yet, Nigeria, who claims to practice democracy, has nothing to show for it; not true democracy. In view of this, therefore, this study advocates for a decentralized government in Nigeria, in which the confederal ethnic groups will be given the power to govern themselves, and the power wielded by the centre will be less. The eụpectation is that this governance type will help Nigeria to achieve eluding peace, progress and development. Key Words: Progress, Development and Leadership

Kontribusi PAD, Dana Perimbangan, Belanja Daerah terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Jawa Tengah

<p><em>The system of change from centralized to decentralized puts new hope for the majority of the Indonesian people. With decentralized government management or delegating authority to local governments, government management authority will be distributed from the center to the regions. The aim of this study is to examine and prove whether the income received by the government and the balance and regional expenditure funds have an effect on the welfare of the community in regencies / cities in Central Java Province. The study uses a data panel because it will examine several objects from several specific time periods (2016-2018). The data used is the entire population of districts and cities in Central Java, namely 29 districts and 6 cities. The APBD realization report data is taken from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance and from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. The hypothesis will be tested using a panel data multiple regression analysis model. The results of this study, namely PAD, DAU, and the ratio of GDP to expenditure have a positive and significant impact on the welfare of the community.</em></p>